Structural and lipid-binding characterization of human annexin A13a reveals strong differences with its long A13b isoform

Annexin A13 is the founder member of the vertebrate family of annexins, which are comprised of a tetrad of unique conserved domains responsible for calcium-dependent binding to membranes. Its expression is restricted to epithelial intestinal and kidney cells. Alternative splicing in the N-terminal region generates two isoforms, A13a and A13b, differing in a deletion of 41 residues in the former. We have confirmed the expression of both isoforms in human colon adenocarcinoma cells at the mRNA and protein levels. We have cloned, expressed, and purified human annexin A13a for the first time to analyze its structural characteristics. Its secondary structure and thermal stability differs greatly from the A13b isoform. The only tryptophan residue (Trp186) is buried in the protein core in the absence of calcium but is exposed to the solvent after calcium binding even though circular dichroism spectra are quite similar. Non-myristoylated annexin A13a binds in a calcium-dependent manner to acidic phospholipids but not to neutral or raft-like liposomes. Calcium requirements for binding to phosphatidylserine are around 6-fold lower than those required by the A13b isoform. This fact could account for the different subcellular localization of both annexins as binding to basolateral membranes seems to be calcium-dependent and myristoylation-independent

Publicidad controversial: ¿Contribuye al valor de la marca o es un enfoque riesgoso?

La publicidad es una herramienta que para el mercadeo tiene un propósito muy claro, el cual es posicionar los productos o servicios para agregar valor a la marca. Al respecto, la publicidad controversial puede herir la susceptibilidad de los consumidores y, por consiguiente, tener un efecto negativo en la aceptación de los bienes y servicios ofertados. Para estudiar esta particular actividad de marketing, se realizó una revisión de la literatura para analizar el impacto de la publicidad controversial sobre el valor de la marca. En esta revisión se ha encontrado posturas a favor de esta forma de publicidad, mientras que otros autores señalaron un punto de vista contrario y, en último término, se ha hallado posiciones neutrales. Se presentan conclusiones y recomendaciones dirigidas al sector empresarial y publicitario, analizando las desventajas o los beneficios que pueda tener la publicidad controversial para las organizaciones y las marcas. Asimismo, se sugieren nuevas líneas de investigación relacionadas con el tema.Advertising is a tool that has a very clear purpose for marketing, which is to position products or services in order to add value to the brand. In this regard, controversial advertising can hurt the susceptibility of consumers and, therefore, have a negative effect on the acceptance of advertised goods and services. To study this particular marketing activity, a review of the literature was done to analyze the impact of controversial advertising on the value of the brand. In this review, positions in favor of this form of advertising have been found, while other authors pointed out a contrary perspective and, ultimately, neutral positions have been found. Conclusions and recommendations aimed at the business and advertising sector are presented, analyzing the disadvantages or benefits that controversial advertising may have for organizations and brands. Likewise, new lines of research related to the subject are suggested.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

Rancidity development during the chilled storage of farmed Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

7 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 tablasCoho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) is a fatty fish species whose farming production has greatly increased in recent years. Lipid damage produced during Coho salmon chilled storage was studied for up to 24 d. Lipid hydrolysis (free fatty acids, FFA) and oxidation (conjugated dienes; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid index, TBA-i; fluorescent compounds formation, FR; browning development) were determined and compared to lipid composition (polyene index, PI; astaxanthin, AX) changes and sensory assessment (rancid odour development) results. Most lipid damage indices developed slowly during storage; thus, values obtained for FFA, PV, TBA-i and FR were in all cases under 1.5 g/100 g, 4.0 meq oxygen/kg lipid, 0.40 mg malondialdehyde/kg muscle and 0.40, respectively. Odour assessment showed a significant (p <0.05) rancidity development at day 10, when compared to starting fish material; then, non-acceptable values were obtained at days 19 and 24. The PI analysis showed not many differences during the storage time, with the lowest mean value at day 19. AX analysis indicated a relatively high content in the white muscle, which was maintained till the end of the experiment. A low oxidation development is concluded for Coho salmon lipids when compared to other fatty fish species under the same chilling conditions. AX was found to contribute to the oxidation stability of Coho salmon lipids, due to its free radical scavenger propertiesPeer reviewe

Effects of performing morning versus afternoon exercise on glycemic control and hypoglycemia frequency in type 1 diabetes patients on sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy

Q1Artículo original619-624Background: Although physical exercise (PE) is recommended for individuals with type 1 diabetes (DM1), participation in exercise is challenging because it increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia and the available therapeutic options to prevent it frequently result in hyperglycemia. There is no clear recommendation about the best timing for exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of hypoglycemia after morning or afternoon exercise sessions up to 36 hours postworkout. Methods: This randomized crossover study enrolled subjects with DM1, older than 18 years of age, on sensor-augmented insulin pump (SAP) therapy. Participants underwent 2 moderate-intensity exercise sessions; 1 in the morning and 1 in the afternoon, separated by a 7 to 14 day wash-out period. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were collected 24 hours before, during and 36 hours after each session. Results: Thirty-five subjects (mean age 30.31 ± 12.66 years) participated in the study. The rate of hypoglycemia was significantly lower following morning versus afternoon exercise sessions (5.6 vs 10.7 events per patient, incidence rate ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43-0.63; P < .0001). Most hypoglycemic events occurred 15-24 hours after the session. On days following morning exercise sessions, there were 20% more CGM readings in near-euglycemic range (70-200 mg/dL) than on days prior to morning exercise (P = .003). Conclusions: Morning exercise confers a lower risk of late-onset hypoglycemia than afternoon exercise and improves metabolic control on the subsequent day

PAK4 regulates stemness and progression in endocrine resistant ER-positive metastatic breast cancer

Despite the effectiveness of endocrine therapies to treat estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumours, two thirds of patients will eventually relapse due to de novo or acquired resistance to these agents. Cancer Stem-like Cells (CSCs), a rare cell population within the tumour, accumulate after anti-estrogen treatments and are likely to contribute to their failure. Here we studied the role of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) as a promising target to overcome endocrine resistance and disease progression in ER+ breast cancers. PAK4 predicts for resistance to tamoxifen and poor prognosis in 2 independent cohorts of ER+ tumours. We observed that PAK4 strongly correlates with CSC activity in metastatic patient-derived samples irrespective of breast cancer subtype. However, PAK4-driven mammosphere-forming CSC activity increases alongside progression only in ER+ metastatic samples. PAK4 activity increases in ER+ models during acquired resistance to endocrine therapies. Targeting PAK4 with either CRT PAKi, a small molecule inhibitor of PAK4, or with specific siRNAs abrogates CSC activity/self-renewal in clinical samples and endocrine-resistant cells. Together, our findings establish that PAK4 regulates stemness during disease progression and that its inhibition reverses endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancers

Informe especial de estabilidad financiera: riesgo de crédito - Primer semestre de 2021

Monitorear el riesgo de crédito es fundamental para preservar la estabilidad del sistema financiero. Este informe presenta, para cada modalidad de cartera, un análisis de las condiciones de crédito y de los principales indicadores de riesgo

Informe especial de estabilidad financiera: riesgo de crédito - Segundo semestre de 2021

Monitorear el riesgo de crédito es fundamental para preservar la estabilidad del sistema financiero. Este informe presenta, para cada modalidad de cartera, un análisis de las condiciones de crédito y de los principales indicadores de riesgo

Informe especial de estabilidad financiera: riesgo de crédito - Primer semestre de 2022

Monitorear el riesgo de crédito es fundamental para preservar la estabilidad del sistema financiero. Este informe presenta, para cada modalidad de cartera, un análisis de las condiciones de crédito y de los principales indicadores de riesgo

Clinical Practice Guideline For The Prevention, Early Detection, Diagnosis, Management And Follow Up Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus In Patient Over 15 Years

Entidades participantes Agradecemos la participación de las instituciones, asociaciones y sociedades científicas, a través de sus representantes, por sus aportes y contribución en los diferentes procesos del desarrollo de la guía: Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Metabolismo. Centro Nacional de Investigación en Evidencia y Tecnologías en Salud (Alianza CINETS).Revista Nacional - Indexad