La esclavitud en la Alta Extremadura: proceso de auge y decadencia

En este trabajo se aborda la esclavitud en la Alta Extremadura durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y todo el siglo XVIII, quiere ser tanto una modesta aportación al estudio de la esclavitud en Castilla, como una incursión en esa etapa final de decadencia, tan desconocida, que constituye nuestro siglo XVIII.This work addresses slavery in Upper Extremadura during the second half of the 16th century and the entire 18th century, wants to be both a modest contribution to the study of slavery in Castile, as an incursion in the final stage of decline, so unknown, which constitutes our 18th century.peerReviewe

Características tipológicas de la arquitectura eclesial del Señorío de Feria (Badajoz)

En este artículo se analizan las características tipológicas de las iglesias parroquiales de Almendral, Feria, Salvatierra de los Barros, Villalba de los Barros, Torre de Miguel Sesmero y Santa Marta de los Barros, pertenecientes en su día al Señorío de Feria. La vida de este condado se inicia cuando en el año 1394 el Maestre de la Orden de Santiago, Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, consigue que el rey Enrique III done a su hijo Gomes Suárez, las villas de Zafra, Feria y La Parra, que hasta entonces eran aldeas del Concejo de la ciudad de Badajoz. El desarrollo del condado y su potenciación como entidad política y jurídica interesó siempre a los monarcas y a las órdenes militares, sobre todo a la de Santiago, ya que por su propio bien el Señorío de Feria se encargaba de defender la frontera portuguesa. Los sucesivos titulares del condado van incrementando, sobre todo por compras en los siglos XV y XVI, el número de villas y lugares que lo conforman hasta conseguir un pequeño estado compuesto por catorce núcleos. Su jurisdicción se extendió sobre más de 100.000 Has. y 20.000 vasallos, constituyendo la segunda fuerza militar de la actual provincia de Badajoz, después de la Orden de Santiago. Las relaciones con la Iglesia, sobre todo con el Obispado de Badajoz, fueron potenciadas por distintos señores de Feria, manteniendo contactos positivos con la autoridad eclesiástica. Fruto de esas buenas relaciones puede considerarse el interés demostrado por la Casa de Feria hacia la arquitectura de los templos de sus villas, conventos, fundaciones, etc. La prosperidad del siglo XVI va a permitir que muchas iglesias se amplíen y restauren, como ocurre también en los territorios de las órdenes militares, conservándose de la etapa anterior varias capillas mayores de algunas iglesias.In this paper we analyze the typological characteristics of the parish churches of Almendral, Feria, Salvatierra de los Barros, Villalba de los Barros, Torre de Miguel Sesmero and Santa Marta de los Barros, which belonged to the Lordship of Feria Feria. The growth of this county began when, in 1394, the Master of the Order of Santiago, Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, got King Enrique III to give his son Gomes Suárez, the villages of Zafra, Feria and La Parra, which then they were villages of the Council of the city of Badajoz. The development of the county and its empowerment as a political and legal entity always interested monarchs and military orders, especially the one of Santiago, since for its own sake the Lordship of Feria was in charge of defending the Portuguese border. The successive holders of the county are increasing, especially for purchases in the 15th and 16th centuries, the number of villas and places that make up to get a small state composed of fourteen cores. Its jurisdiction extended over more than 100,000 hectares and 20,000 vassals, constituting the second military force of the current province of Badajoz, after the Order of Santiago. Relations with the Church, especially with the Bishopric of Badajoz, were promoted by different lords of Feria, maintaining positive contacts with the ecclesiastical authority. The result of these good relations can be considered the interest shown by the House of Feria towards the architecture of the temples of its villas, convents, foundations, etc. The prosperity of the 16th century will allow many churches to expand and restore, as is also the case in the territories of the military orders, while several major chapels of some churches are preserved from the previous stage.peerReviewe

Características tipológicas de la arquitectura eclesial del Señorío de Feria (Badajoz)

En este artículo se analizan las características tipológicas de las iglesias parroquiales de Almendral, Feria, Salvatierra de los Barros, Villalba de los Barros, Torre de Miguel Sesmero y Santa Marta de los Barros, pertenecientes en su día al Señorío de Feria. La vida de este condado se inicia cuando en el año 1394 el Maestre de la Orden de Santiago, Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, consigue que el rey Enrique III done a su hijo Gomes Suárez, las villas de Zafra, Feria y La Parra, que hasta entonces eran aldeas del Concejo de la ciudad de Badajoz. El desarrollo del condado y su potenciación como entidad política y jurídica interesó siempre a los monarcas y a las órdenes militares, sobre todo a la de Santiago, ya que por su propio bien el Señorío de Feria se encargaba de defender la frontera portuguesa. Los sucesivos titulares del condado van incrementando, sobre todo por compras en los siglos XV y XVI, el número de villas y lugares que lo conforman hasta conseguir un pequeño estado compuesto por catorce núcleos. Su jurisdicción se extendió sobre más de 100.000 Has. y 20.000 vasallos, constituyendo la segunda fuerza militar de la actual provincia de Badajoz, después de la Orden de Santiago. Las relaciones con la Iglesia, sobre todo con el Obispado de Badajoz, fueron potenciadas por distintos señores de Feria, manteniendo contactos positivos con la autoridad eclesiástica. Fruto de esas buenas relaciones puede considerarse el interés demostrado por la Casa de Feria hacia la arquitectura de los templos de sus villas, conventos, fundaciones, etc. La prosperidad del siglo XVI va a permitir que muchas iglesias se amplíen y restauren, como ocurre también en los territorios de las órdenes militares, conservándose de la etapa anterior varias capillas mayores de algunas iglesias.In this paper we analyze the typological characteristics of the parish churches of Almendral, Feria, Salvatierra de los Barros, Villalba de los Barros, Torre de Miguel Sesmero and Santa Marta de los Barros, which belonged to the Lordship of Feria Feria. The growth of this county began when, in 1394, the Master of the Order of Santiago, Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, got King Enrique III to give his son Gomes Suárez, the villages of Zafra, Feria and La Parra, which then they were villages of the Council of the city of Badajoz. The development of the county and its empowerment as a political and legal entity always interested monarchs and military orders, especially the one of Santiago, since for its own sake the Lordship of Feria was in charge of defending the Portuguese border. The successive holders of the county are increasing, especially for purchases in the 15th and 16th centuries, the number of villas and places that make up to get a small state composed of fourteen cores. Its jurisdiction extended over more than 100,000 hectares and 20,000 vassals, constituting the second military force of the current province of Badajoz, after the Order of Santiago. Relations with the Church, especially with the Bishopric of Badajoz, were promoted by different lords of Feria, maintaining positive contacts with the ecclesiastical authority. The result of these good relations can be considered the interest shown by the House of Feria towards the architecture of the temples of its villas, convents, foundations, etc. The prosperity of the 16th century will allow many churches to expand and restore, as is also the case in the territories of the military orders, while several major chapels of some churches are preserved from the previous stage.peerReviewe

Success versus failure: Efficient heat devices in thermodynamics

J.G.A. acknowledges financial support from University of Salamanca, with Contract No. 0218 463AB01, and A.M. and J.A.W. under Contract No. 18.KB.YF/463A.C.01.[EN]Classical equilibrium thermodynamics provides, in a general way, upper Carnot bounds for the performance of energy converters. Nevertheless, to suggest lower bounds is a much more subtle issue, especially when they are related to a definition of convenience. Here, this issue is investigated in a unified way for heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps. First, irreversibilities are weighted in the context of heat reservoir stability for irreversible engines by using the thermodynamic distance between minimum energy and maximum entropy steady states. Some stability coefficients can be related to a majorization process and the obtention of Pareto fronts, linking stability and optimization by means of efficiency and entropy due to correlations between system and reservoirs. Second, these findings are interpreted in a very simple context. A region where the heat device is efficient is defined in a general scheme and, below this zone, the heat device is inefficient in the sense that irreversibilities somehow dominate its behavior. These findings allow for a clearer understanding of the role played by some well-known figures of merit in the scope of finite-time and -size optimization. Comparison with experimental results is provided

A systematic cross-search for radio/infrared counterparts of XMM-Newton sources

We present a catalog of cross-correlated radio, infrared and X-ray sources using a very restrictive selection criteria with an IDL-based code developed by us. The significance of the observed coincidences was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations of synthetic sources following a well-tested protocol. We found 3320 coincident radio/X-ray sources with a high statistical significance characterized by the sum of error-weighted coordinate differences. For 997 of them, 2MASS counterparts were found. The percentage of chance coincidences is less than 1%. X-ray hardness ratios of well-known populations of objects were used to provide a crude representation of their X-ray spectrum and to make a preliminary diagnosis of the possible nature of unidentified X-ray sources. The results support the fact that the X-ray sky is largely dominated by Active Galactic Nuclei at high galactic latitudes (|b| >= 10^\circ). At low galactic latitudes (|b| <= 10^\circ) most of unidentified X-ray sources (~94%) lie at |b| <= 2^\circ. This result suggests that most of the unidentified sources found toward the Milky Way plane are galactic objects. Well-known and unidentified sources were classified in different tables with their corresponding radio/infrared and X-ray properties. These tables are intended as a useful tool for researchers interested in particular identifications.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap&SS. 47 pages, 10 figures. On-line material: figures and table

Estudio y mejora del rendimiento pedagógico en el Laboratorio de Física

Memoria ID-0162. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

Elaboración del curso “Laboratorio de Termodinámica” en la plataforma iTunes U de la Universidad de Salamanca

Memoria ID-0119. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

Ten Years of Experience Support Pharmacogenetic Testing to Guide Individualized Drug Therapy

[EN]Precision medicine utilizing the genetic information of genes involved in the metabolism and disposition of drugs can not only improve drug efficacy but also prevent or minimize adverse events. Polypharmacy is common among multimorbid patients and is associated with increased adverse events. One of the main objectives in health care is safe and efficacious drug therapy, which is directly correlated to the individual response to treatment. Precision medicine can increase drug safety in many scenarios, including polypharmacy. In this report, we share our experience utilizing precision medicine over the past ten years. Based on our experience using pharmacogenetic (PGx)-informed prescribing, we implemented a five-step precision medicine protocol (5SPM) that includes the assessment of the biological-clinical characteristics of the patient, current and past prescription history, and the patient's PGx test results. To illustrate our approach, we present cases highlighting the clinical relevance of precision medicine with a focus on patients with a complex history and polypharmacy.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Regional Development Fun

Deletion of delta-like 1 homologue accelerates renal inflammation by modulating the Th17 immune response

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that activation of the NOTCH pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of kidney damage. There is currently no information on the role of the Delta-like homologue 1 (DLK1), a NOTCH inhibitor, in the regulation of renal damage. Here, we investigated the contribution of DLK1 to experimental renal damage and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using a Dlk1-null mouse model in the experimental renal damage of unilateral ureteral obstruction, we found activation of NOTCH, as shown by increased nuclear translocation of the NOTCH1 intracellular domain, and upregulation of Dlk2/hey-1 expression compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. NOTCH1 over-activation in Dlk1-null injured kidneys was associated with a higher inflammatory response, characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, mainly CD4/IL17A + lymphocytes, and activation of the Th17 immune response. Furthermore, pharmacological NOTCH blockade inhibited the transcription factors controlling Th17 differentiation and gene expression of the Th17 effector cytokine IL-17A and other related-inflammatory factors, linked to a diminution of inflammation in the injured kidneys. We propose that the non-canonical NOTCH ligand DLK1 acts as a NOTCH antagonist in renal injury regulating the Th17-mediated inflammatory response.MINECO | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Grant/Award Number: PI17/00119; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Grant/Award Number: SAF2015-66107-R; Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: B2017/ BMD-3751; Fondo Nacional de Desarroll

Uncontrolled donation after circulatory death: A cohort study of data from a long‐standing deceased‐donor kidney transplantation program.

Despite good long-term outcomes of kidney transplants from controlled donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors, there are few uncontrolled DCD (uDCD) programs. This longitudinal study compares outcomes for all uDCD (N = 774) and all donation after brain death (DBD) (N = 613) kidney transplants performed from 1996 to 2015 at our center. DBD transplants were divided into those from standard-criteria (SCD) (N = 366) and expanded-criteria (N = 247) brain-dead donors (ECD). One-, 5-, and 10-year graft survival rates were 91.7%, 85.7%, and 80.6% for SCD; 86.0%, 75.8%, and 61.4% for ECD; and 85.1%, 78.1%, and 72.2% for uDCD, respectively. Graft survival was worse in recipients of uDCD kidneys than of SCD (P = .004) but better than in transplants from ECD (P = .021). The main cause of graft loss in the uDCD transplants was primary nonfunction. Through logistic regression, donor death due to pulmonary embolism (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.65-11.23), extrahospital CPR time ≥75 minutes (OR1.94, 95%CI 1.18-3.22), and in-hospital CPR time ≥50 minutes (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.09-2.93) emerged as predictive factors of primary nonunction. According to the outcomes of our long-standing kidney transplantation program, uDCD could help expand the kidney donor pool.post-print1,71 M