La consolidación del vino de Rioja en el siglo XVII

Hoy estamos acostumbrados a identificar a La Rioja (España) con sus caldos y a renombrar su calidad. El origen de la identificación del vino de Rioja con la región hunde sus raices en la Edad Media y, sobre todo, en el siglo XVII. En efecto, a lo largo del seiscientos en la cuenca alta del río Ebro (en La Rioja y en las comarcas colindantes) se dieron los factores necesarios para consolidar un tipo de vino, el Rioja: se producía lo suficiente como para poder vender fuera de la región, se destinaba la mayor superficie de tierra al viñedo. se potenciaba la venta. se disponía de un mercado de consumo, los intereses de las autoridades públicas pronto se pusieron al servicio de los vitivinicultores y, en fin, todo el entramado social y económico giró en torno al vino. Fue tal el éxito y tan bien articulado estuvo todo alrededor del Rioja que el modelo perduró hasta el desastre de la filoxera de finales del siglo XIX.We now usually identify La Rioja (Spain) with its wines and likewise remark on their quality. The origin of identifying the wine from La Rioja with the region started back in the Middle Ages and mainly comes from, the 17th century. Indeed, throughout the 17th century, the determining factors to consolidate a kind of wine, Rioja, are present in the high basin of the river Ebro (La Rioja and adjacent regions). It produced enough wine to be sold out of the region, most of the agricultural land was vineyard, sales improved, there was a consumer market, the interests of the public authorities started to lie in serving the owners of the vineyards, and the entire social and economic structure was centred on its wine. It was so successful and everything was so well structured around Rioja wine that this model of organization lasted until the phylloxera disaster in the 19th century

Saxo gramático, traductor.

En el presente articulo el autor, tras ofrecer una visión general de la obra de Saxo Gramático y de sus principales fuentes nórdicas, destaca los pasajes en los que Saxo afirma haber traducido antiguas poesías y narraciones escandinavas. Después de una breve exposición de las mismas y de comparar dichos pasajes con poemas y sagas islandesas de los tiempos antiguos (fornaldarsögur), el historiador danés se revela más como un adaptador libre que como un fiel traductor de sus posibles fuentes

Securitization, bank lending and credit quality: the case of Spain

While the 2007-2010 financial crisis has hit a variety of countries asymmetrically, the case of Spain is particularly illustrative: this country experienced a pronounced housing bubble partly funded via spectacular developments in its securitization markets leading to looser credit standards and subsequent financial stability problems. We analyze the sequential deterioration of credit in this country considering rating changes in individual securitized deals and on balance sheet bank conditions. Using a sample of 20,286 observations on securities and rating changes from 2000Q1 to 2010Q1 we build a model in which loan growth, on balancesheet credit quality and rating changes are estimated simultaneously. Our results suggest that loan growth significantly affects on balance-sheet loan performance with a lag of at least two years. Additionally, loan performance is found to lead rating changes with a lag of four quarters. Importantly, bank characteristics (in particular, observed solvency, cash flow generation and cost efficiency) also affect ratings considerably. Additionally, these other bank characteristics seem to have a higher weight in the rating changes of securities issued by savings banks as compared to those issued by commercial banks. JEL Classification: G21, G12financial instability, lending, risk, securitization

Aplicación de los métodos de contorno en la flexión de placas

Los métodos semianalíticos poseen gran idoneidad para abordar problemas estructurales reales, obteniendo los niveles de precisión necesarios con esfuerzos de ordenador menores que los métodos exclusivamente numéricos

El cronotopo en el cuento romántico

[Resumen] La mesa redonda pretende analizar la función que el cronotopo desempeña en el cuento romántico. Hemos de tener en cuenta que el cuento moderno surge en varios países simultáneamente, Alemania, Estados unidos, Rusia, y posteriormente en Gran Bretaña, Francia, Italia y España, entre finales del siglo XVIII y principios del siglo XIX. El paso del cuento tradicional al moderno implica una serie de transformaciones profundas en la narración, entre ellas el tipo y papel del narrador, la diégesis narrativa y el cronotopo. En la mesa redonda nos queremos centrar en este último, conscientes como somos de que la localización espacial y temporal de cualquier relato tiene un papel determinante en su transformación. Para ello analizaremos relatos de Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe y Nathaniel Hawthorne. Creemos que no es simple causalidad que los tres autores busquen escenarios y épocas alejadas de su tempo y país. Tradicionalmente, la localización en Europa ha sido considerada como un rasgo romántico propio de su interés por lo exótico. Sin embargo, creemos que hay otras razones que tienen que ver con la evolución del cuento como género moderno que llevan a situar los relatos en un espacio que los lectores conceptualizarían como exótico para más adelante localizar los cuentos en otros más cercanos a los lectores. Así Beatriz Gómez Moreno (Universidad de Castilla la Mancha) analizará los relatos de Mary Shelley, José Ramón Ibáñez Ibáñez (Universidad de Almería) los de Edgar A. Poe y Santiago Rodríguez Guerrero-Strachan (Universidad de Valladolid), los de Nathaniel Hawthorne

Homoclinic organization in the Hindmarsh-Rose model: A three parameter study

Bursting phenomena are found in a wide variety of fast-slow systems. In this article, we consider the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model, where, as it is known in the literature, there are homoclinic bifurcations involved in the bursting dynamics. However, the global homoclinic structure is far from being fully understood. Working in a three-parameter space, the results of our numerical analysis show a complex atlas of bifurcations, which extends from the singular limit to regions where a fast-slow perspective no longer applies. Based on this information, we propose a global theoretical description. Surfaces of codimension-one homoclinic bifurcations are exponentially close to each other in the fast-slow regime. Remarkably, explained by the specific properties of these surfaces, we show how the Hindmarsh-Rose model exhibits isolas of homoclinic bifurcations when appropriate two-dimensional slices are considered in the three-parameter space. On the other hand, these homoclinic bifurcation surfaces contain curves corresponding to parameter values where additional degeneracies are exhibited. These codimension-two bifurcation curves organize the bifurcations associated with the spike-adding process and they behave like the "spines-of-a-book, " gathering "pages" of bifurcations of periodic orbits. Depending on how the parameter space is explored, homoclinic phenomena may be absent or far away, but their organizing role in the bursting dynamics is beyond doubt, since the involved bifurcations are generated in them. This is shown in the global analysis and in the proposed theoretical scheme

Catalog of the family Calliphoridae (Diptera: Oestroidea) of Mexico

Calliphoridae is a worldwide distributed family of flies with over 1,500 described species. There are approximately 100 species in the Nearctic region and 130 in the Neotropical region, but in the Mexican territory only few species have been recorded. There is not a previous catalog of Mexican calliphorids. This catalog summarizes taxonomic actualized information of 30 species of 11 genera and three subfamilies of Calliphoridae known up to date in Mexico.La familia Calliphoridae está presente en casi todo el mundo con más de 1,500 especies descritas. Existen aproximadamente 100 especies en la región Neártica y 130 en la región Neotropical, pero en el territorio mexicano solo pocas especies se han registrado. No existe un catálogo previo de califóridos de México. Este catálogo recopila la información taxonómica básica y actualizada de las 30 especies de 11 géneros y tres subfamilias de Calliphoridae conocidos hasta el momento en México

Anthologies as Tools of Literary Hospitality: The Case of Edgar Allan Poe in Spain (1850–1936)

Producción CientíficaPublished with license by Koninklijke Brill nvThis article examines the presence of Poe’s fiction in Spain, focusing on the reception of his anthologized short stories in the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, and taking this as a case of literary hospitality that helped to develop the fantasy genre in the country. In the early decades of publication, collections of Poe’s short stories were generally introduced into Spain as translations of anthologies of Baudelaire’s French versions. These anthologies appealed to a broad readership and sold well, being published by both large, professional houses and smaller, family-run presses. Poe came to form part of the literary canon that was being shaped in the final decades of the nineteenth century in Spain, and was thus published alongside major literary figures, which attests to the kind of literary hospitality he enjoyed in Spain’s cultural world in the decades following his introduction into the country.Universidad de Almería. Project CEI PatrimonioMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación. Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-108754GB-100” (10.13039/501100011033