51 research outputs found

    EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM THREE SPECIES OF ASTERECEAE AGAINST SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING VIGOR OF LETTUCE

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    The allelopathic properties of the essential oils have been exploited because they are biodegradable natural compounds that can be used in combination or as prototypes for new bioherbicides. The objectives of this study were to chemically characterize the essential oils from B. dracunculifolia, C. bonariesis and T. diversifolia and to evaluate their allelopathic potential. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions were determined by GC-MS. Allelopathic activities were determined by methods that evaluate the effects of volatile compounds and direct contact of those compounds on the seed germination and seedling vigor of lettuce. The principal constituents of the essential oil from B. dracunculifolia were limonene, trans-nerolidol and ÎÂČ-pinene; those in the oil from C. bonariesis were limonene, trans-ÎÂČ-ocimene and cis-verbenol (4.4%); and those in the oil from T. diversifolia were ÎÂČ-pinene, α-pinene and limonene. Minor differences in the germination and vigor of lettuce seedlings were observed when they were exposed to the volatile essential oils from the leaves of the three species of the Asteraceae family. However, upon direct contact with these oils, those of C. bonariesis presented the greatest allelopathic potential, which was attributed to its higher content of oxygenated monoterpenes

    ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE SATUREJA MONTANA L.: ANÁLISE CROMATOGRÁFICA, DETERMINAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIFÚNGICA

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    As plantas constituem fontes importantes de compostos biologicamente ativos, muitos dos quais sĂŁo protĂłtipos de sĂ­ntese de um grande nĂșmero de fĂĄrmacos. Muitos trabalhos cientĂ­ficos relatam que os Ăłleos essenciais possuem propriedades antifĂșngicas, antibacterianas, inseticidas, antioxidante, entre outras. Essas atividades podem ser atribuĂ­das aos constituintes presentes nos Ăłleos essenciais, que desempenham funçÔes de proteção aos organismos vivos, resguardando-os contra micro-organismos, insetos e produção excessiva de radicais livres. No presente estudo, objetivou-se caracterizar e quantificar os constituintes quĂ­micos do Ăłleo essencial de Satureja montana L., avaliar as atividades antioxidantes pelos mĂ©todos do sequestro do radical DPPH e ÎČ-caroteno/ĂĄcido linoleico e o efeito fungicida sobre os fitopatĂłgenos Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium graminearum e Drechslera oryzae, pelo mĂ©todo de fumigação. Os constituintes majoritĂĄrios encontrados no Ăłleo essencial foram o timol, o carvacrol, o p-cimeno e o linalol. A atividade antioxidante do Ăłleo essencial apresentou maior destaque diante do sistema ÎČ-caroteno/ĂĄcido linoleico. O Ăłleo essencial apresentou atividade fungicida para todos os fungos testados, sendo que a partir da concentração de 250 ÎŒgmL-1 ocorreu a inibição total para todos os fitopatĂłgenos em estudo.AbstractPlants are important sources of biologically active compounds, many of which are prototypes for the synthesis of a large number of drugs. Many scientific studies report that essential oils have antifungal, antibacterial, insecticide, and antioxidant activities, among others. These activities can be attributed to the constituents present in the essential oils that play protective roles in living organisms, protecting them against micro-organisms, insects and excessive production of free radicals. The present study sought to characterize and quantify the chemical constituents of the essential oil of Satureja montana L. and to evaluate the antioxidant activity by the sequestration of the DPPH radicals and the ÎČ-carotene/linoleic acid method. The fungicidal effect against the plant pathogens Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium graminearum and Drechslera oryzae were evaluated by the fumigation method. The major constituents found in the essential oil were thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and linalool. The essential oil antioxidant activity showed greater emphasis on the ÎČ-carotene system/linoleic acid. The essential oil has fungicidal activity to all fungi tested and as from the concentration of 250 ÎŒgmL-1 there is complete inhibition for all pathogens in the study

    COMPARAÇÃO DO PERFIL FÍSICO-QUÍMICO DE CACHAÇAS ENVELHECIDAS EM TONÉIS DE CARVALHO (QUERCUS SP) E AMBURANA (AMBURANA CEARENSIS)

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    A cachaça, tradicional e popular bebida brasileira, Ă© o destilado mais consumido em nosso paĂ­s. O conhecimento de sua composição quĂ­mica Ă© importante, visto que os estudos dos compostos potencialmente tĂłxicos tĂȘm sido um fator determinante no controle de qualidade. O hĂĄbito do envelhecimento estĂĄ se tornando uma prĂĄtica comum entre os produtores que buscam agregar valores ao seu produto. Madeiras nativas vĂȘm sendo usadas para o envelhecimento, substituindo a tradicional madeira de carvalho. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um acompanhamento periĂłdico da qualidade fĂ­sico-quĂ­mica, quanto aos teores de grau alcoĂłlico, acidez volĂĄtil, Ă©steres, aldeĂ­dos, ĂĄlcoois superiores, furfural, metanol e cobre da cachaça no processo de produção e no envelhecimento em tonĂ©is de carvalho (Quercus sp) e amburana (Amburana cearensis). A bebida foi produzida em um alambique artesanal, situado no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. As anĂĄlises fĂ­sico-quĂ­micas foram realizadas de acordo com as especificaçÔes estabelecidas pelo MinistĂ©rio de Agricultura, PecuĂĄria e Abastecimento (MAPA). Pelos resultados, foi possĂ­vel observar que as mĂ©dias das fraçÔes do destilado em estudo apresentaram resultados diferenciados quanto Ă  composição quĂ­mica e mantiveram essa diferença ao longo do perĂ­odo de envelhecimento da cachaça em ambos os tonĂ©is de madeira em estudo.AbstractCachaça, traditional and popular Brazilian spirit, it is the distilled more consumed in our country. The knowledge of its chemical composition is important, considering that studies of potentially toxic compounds have been a determinant factor in quality control. The habit of aging is becoming a common practice among producers to add value to their product. Native woods have been used for aging, replacing the traditional oak wood. The aim of the present study was to realize a periodic monitoring of physico chemical, for the levels of alcohol content, volatile acid, esters, aldehydes, higher alcohols, furfural, methanol and copper in the cachaça production process and aging in oak barrels (Quercus sp ) and amburana (Amburana cearensis) . The beverage was produced in an artisan distillery, located in Southern Minas Gerais State. The physicochemical analysis were performed according to the specifications established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA). According to the results, the mean fractions of the distilled samples showed different results regarding the chemical composition and this difference remained during the period of aging cachaça in both barrels studied

    TERAPIA FOTODINÂMICA NO TRATAMENTO DE CANDIDÍASE ORAL

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    Introdução: A CandidĂ­ase Oral Ă© uma infecção fĂșngica comum, causada pelo crescimento de espĂ©cies do fungo Candida sp na cavidade bucal. É um fungo dimĂłrfico, apresentando forma de levedura e hifas, sendo as hifas a causadora da doença. EstĂĄ relacionada com a baixa imunidade, pacientes imunocomprometidos, pacientes que fazem uso prolongado de antibiĂłtico, tratamento radioterĂĄpico na regiĂŁo de cabeça e pescoço, e atĂ© mesmo aqueles que fazem uso de prĂłtese total ou parcial. O diagnĂłstico Ă© realizado atravĂ©s de citologia esfoliativa, sinais clĂ­nicos e biĂłpsia. O tratamento Ă© feito atravĂ©s do laser de baixa potĂȘncia ou Fluconazol 150mg. PorĂ©m, o uso indiscriminado de antifĂșngicos tem gerado uma resistĂȘncia maior da CĂąndida, fazendo com que os profissionais busquem outras alternativas efetivas para tratamento de candidĂ­ase oral, e uma delas Ă© a Terapia FotodinĂąmica. Que consiste no uso de laser de baixa potĂȘncia associado Ă  fotossensibilizadores exĂłgenos, com a finalidade de ocasionar a morte da cĂ©lula. Este efeito ocorre quando o corante absorve a energia da luz e produz substĂąncias reativas que levam danos Ă  cĂ©lula, por oxidação. Esta tĂ©cnica tem se mostrado efetiva contra microrganismos, incluindo aqueles resistentes Ă s drogas. A TPD tem dentre suas vantagens a alta especificidade no alvo, biocompatibilidade com cĂ©lulas humanas saudĂĄveis, risco improvĂĄvel de efeitos adversos com produto quĂ­mico e/ou tĂ©rmicos e risco improvĂĄvel de desenvolver resistĂȘncia contra a terapia fotodinĂąmica por parte dos microrganismo Objetivos:  O objetivo deste trabalho Ă© mostrar a importĂąncia da terapia fotodinĂąmica no tratamento de candidĂ­ase oral. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratĂłria em artigos nas bases de dados lilcas, pubmed e scielo e livros consagrados de patologia oral. ConsideraçÔes Finais: Com esse trabalho podemos concluir que a terapia fotodinĂąmica Ă© uma excelente forma de tratamento para candidĂ­ase oral, alĂ©m de nĂŁo apresentar riscos ao paciente. &nbsp

    EVALUACIÓN PARASITOLÓGICA Y RELACIÓN HOSPEDERO-PARÁSITO EN ALEVINES DEL BAGRE CACHARA (PSEUDOPLATYSTOMA RETICULATUM EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN 1889), MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL

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    Farmed fingerlings of South American catfish are frequently exposed to several parasites, but little information is available for implementing health programs for control and prevention of parasitic diseases in the hatcheries. This study evaluated the parasitic fauna of cachara catfish fingerlings (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum Eingenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) and the hostparasite relationship during the early stages of rearing. A total of 302 cachara fingerlings were used for parasitic diagnosis and histopathological analysis. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina heterodentata were diagnosed as the most prevalent parasites, followed by Cryptobia sp., Henneguya sp., Monogenea and Nematoda. There was a positive correlation between the size of the fish and the mean intensity of parasitism by I. multifiliis. Proliferation of mucus cells, club cells, multifocal area of degeneration, epithelial necrosis on the body surface, skin ulceration, fusion of secondary gill lamellae and inflammatory infiltration were observed in I. multifiliisinfected fish. Ciliated protozoans were the main etiological agents diagnosed, and the cachara (P. reticulatum) is a new host for T. heterodentata. In addition, ichthyophthiriasis induced severe tissue damage thus making the fingerlings susceptible to opportunistic infections.Los alevines de bagres del Sur de América en cautiverio estån frecuentemente expuestos a muchos paråsitos, pero poca información es evaluada para implementar programa de salud para control y prevención de enfermedades en criaderos. Este estudio evaluó la fauna de paråsitos de alevines de cachara (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum Eingenmann & Eingenmann, 1889) y la relación huésped-paråsito durante las fases iníciales de cultivo. Un total de 302 alevines fueran sometidos a diagnóstico y anålisis histopatológicos. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis y Trichodina heterodentata fueran diagnosticados como los paråsitos mas prevalentes, seguidos de Cryptobia sp., Henneguya sp., Monogenea y Nematoda. Ha sido observada una correlación positiva entre la longitud de los peces y la intensidad promedio de I. multifiliis. Proliferación de células de moco, células club, åreas multifocales de degeneración, necrosis epitelial en la superficie del cuerpo, ulceración de piel, fusión de laminillas branquiales secundarias e infiltración inflamatoria fueron observados en peces infectados por I. multifiliis. Los protozoarios ciliados fueran los agentes etiológicos mas importantes y el cachara (P. reticulatum) es un nuevo huésped para T. heterodentata. En adición, la ictioftiriasis indujo un daño severo favoreciendo las infecciones oportunistas en los alevines

    OSTEONECROSE ASSOCIADA AO USO DE BISFOSFONATOS: uma revisĂŁo literĂĄria

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    Introdução: Os bisfosfonatos sĂŁo fĂĄrmacos que reduzem a reabsorção Ăłssea e estimulam a ação osteoblĂĄstica e a apoptose de osteoclastos. SĂŁo frequentemente administrados em pacientes com osteoporose e utilizados no tratamento de variados tipos de cĂąncer. Mas o medicamento tambĂ©m possui malefĂ­cios, tendo em vista que desde 2003 vem sendo relacionado com a “osteonecrose dos maxilares’’. A osteonecrose pode ser resultado principalmente do trauma ao tecido Ăłsseo nos pacientes que fazem uso dos bisfosfonatos de forma oral ou intravenosa. SĂŁo drogas utilizadas para impedir a reabsorção Ăłssea e a anti-angiogĂȘnese. Mesmo apĂłs a interrupção do uso, os bisfosfonatos podem permanecer nos tecidos Ăłsseos por longos perĂ­odos e o cirurgiĂŁo-dentista deve estar atento para prevenir e orientar sobre as complicaçÔes decorrentes do uso do medicamento. Tendo em vista que atualmente hĂĄ uma grande ocorrĂȘncia de procedimentos que causam trauma ao tecido Ăłsseo, como implantes dentĂĄrios e exodontias, predispondo ocasionar a osteonecrose. Objetivo: Revisar os conhecimentos atuais relacionados a etiologia e tratamento da osteonecrose associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos. Metodologia: RevisĂŁo de literatura nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed e no livro de Patologia Oral e Maxilofacial do Neville no perĂ­odo de 2005 a 2019.  Como descritores para a busca do conteĂșdo foram usadas as expressĂ”es: osteonecrose, manifestaçÔes bucais e difosfonatos. ConsideraçÔes finais: É importante que todo paciente antes de iniciar o uso dos bisfosfonatos passem por avaliação odontolĂłgica prĂ©via para evitar a ocorrĂȘncia da osteonecrose dos maxilares e que o cirurgiĂŁo dentista tenha conhecimento sobre a osteonecrose, sobre os cuidados com os pacientes que utilizam o medicamento, evitar realizar procedimentos invasivos nestes pacientes e caso seja necessĂĄrio, tenha uma conduta clĂ­nica correta com intenção de melhorar a qualidade de vida destes pacientes

    Transcriptional profiles of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mycelium and yeast cells

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    This work was supported by MCT, CNPq, CAPES, FUB, UFG, and FUNDECT-MS. PbGenome Network: Alda Maria T. Ferreira, Alessandra Dantas, Alessandra J. Baptista, Alexandre M. BailĂŁo, Ana LĂ­dia Bonato, AndrĂ© C. Amaral, Bruno S. Daher, Camila M. Silva, Christiane S. Costa, Clayton L. Borges, ClĂ©ber O. Soares, Cristina M. Junta, Daniel A. S. Anjos, Edans F. O. Sandes, Eduardo A. Donadi, Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo, FlĂĄbio R. AraĂșjo, FlĂĄvia C. Albuquerque, Gina C. Oliveira, JoĂŁo Ricardo M. Almeida, Juliana C. Oliveira, KlĂĄudia G. Jorge, Larissa Fernandes, Lorena S. Derengowski, LuĂ­s Artur M. Bataus, Marcus A. M. AraĂșjo, Marcus K. Inoue, Marlene T. De-Souza, Mauro F. Almeida, NĂĄdia S. Parachin, Nadya S. Castro, Odair P. Martins, PatrĂ­cia L. N. Costa, Paula Sandrin-Garcia, Renata B. A. Soares, Stephano S. Mello, and Viviane C. B. ReisParacoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that affects 10 million individuals in Latin America. This report depicts the results of the analysis of 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phase expressed sequence tags, covering about 80% of the estimated genome of this dimorphic, thermo-regulated fungus. The data provide a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism, including overexpressed transcripts, stage-specific genes, and also those that are up- or down-regulated as assessed by in silico electronic subtraction and cDNA microarrays. Also, a significant differential expression pattern in mycelium and yeast cells was detected, which was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, providing insights into differential metabolic adaptations. The overall transcriptome analysis provided information about sequences related to the cell cycle, stress response, drug resistance, and signal transduction pathways of the pathogen. Novel P. brasiliensis genes have been identified, probably corresponding to proteins that should be addressed as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Regulatory T Cells Phenotype in Different Clinical Forms of Chagas' Disease

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    CD25High CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have been described as key players in immune regulation, preventing infection-induced immune pathology and limiting collateral tissue damage caused by vigorous anti-parasite immune response. In this review, we summarize data obtained by the investigation of Treg cells in different clinical forms of Chagas' disease. Ex vivo immunophenotyping of whole blood, as well as after stimulation with Trypanosoma cruzi antigens, demonstrated that individuals in the indeterminate (IND) clinical form of the disease have a higher frequency of Treg cells, suggesting that an expansion of those cells could be beneficial, possibly by limiting strong cytotoxic activity and tissue damage. Additional analysis demonstrated an activated status of Treg cells based on low expression of CD62L and high expression of CD40L, CD69, and CD54 by cells from all chagasic patients after T. cruzi antigenic stimulation. Moreover, there was an increase in the frequency of the population of Foxp3+ CD25HighCD4+ cells that was also IL-10+ in the IND group, whereas in the cardiac (CARD) group, there was an increase in the percentage of Foxp3+ CD25High CD4+ cells that expressed CTLA-4. These data suggest that IL-10 produced by Treg cells is effective in controlling disease development in IND patients. However, in CARD patients, the same regulatory mechanism, mediated by IL-10 and CTLA-4 expression is unlikely to be sufficient to control the progression of the disease. These data suggest that Treg cells may play an important role in controlling the immune response in Chagas' disease and the balance between regulatory and effector T cells may be important for the progression and development of the disease. Additional detailed analysis of the mechanisms on how these cells are activated and exert their function will certainly give insights for the rational design of procedure to achieve the appropriate balance between protection and pathology during parasite infections
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