Reporte de caso clínico de malformaciones genéticas no especificadas en el área de neonatología del hospital general docente Ambato

Objective: To identify unspecified congenital malformations through the review of the clinical history of a patient in the Neonatology area of the Hospital General Docente Ambato. The research was framed in the descriptive type, information was collected through the review of the clinical history obtained at the Hospital General Docente Ambato. Case description: a newborn girl was analyzed in the Pelileo city, province of Tungurahua, who two hours after delivery presented respiratory difficulty and was admitted to the Hospital General Docente Ambato, where after being evaluated by the medical staff she was diagnosed with unspecified congenital malformations. She remained in the hospital for 44 days; however, despite her deteriorated state of health she was removed due to the lack of commitment of the parents with the treatment indicated by the health staff. In conclusion: congenital anomalies are pathologies caused by several factors found in the mother's environment, therefore, insufficient early detection of this pathology generates inevitable consequences for the newborn, as well as causing a negative psychological impact on the parents.Objetivo: Identificar las malformaciones congénitas no especificadas mediante la revisión del historial clínico de una paciente del área de Neonatología del Hospital General Docente Ambato. La investigación se enmarcó en el tipo descriptivo, se recolectó información mediante la revisión de la historia clínica obtenida en el Hospital General Docente Ambato. Descripción del caso: se analiza a una recién nacida en el cantón Pelileo provincia de Tungurahua, quien a las dos horas posteriores al parto presentó dificultad respiratoria, siendo ingresada de emergencia al Hospital General Docente Ambato, donde tras ser valorada por el personal médico es diagnosticada con malformaciones congénitas no especificadas, permaneció en la casa de salud por 44 días; sin embargo, pese a su deteriorado estado de salud fue retirada de la misma debido a la falta de compromiso de los padres con el tratamiento indicado por el personal de salud. En conclusión: las anomalías congénitas son patologías provocadas por varios factores encontrados en el entorno de la madre, por ende, la insuficiente detección a tiempo de esta patología genera consecuencias inevitables para el recién nacido, como también causa un impacto psicológico negativo en sus progenitores

Reporte de caso clínico de malformaciones genéticas no especificadas en el área de neonatología del hospital general docente Ambato

Objective: To identify unspecified congenital malformations through the review of the clinical history of a patient in the Neonatology area of the Hospital General Docente Ambato. The research was framed in the descriptive type; information was collected through the review of the clinical history obtained at the Hospital General Docente Ambato. Case description: a newborn girl was analyzed in the Pelileo city, province of Tungurahua, who two hours after delivery presented respiratory difficulty and was admitted to the Hospital General Docente Ambato, where after being evaluated by the medical staff she was diagnosed with unspecified congenital malformations. She remained in the hospital for 44 days; however, despite her deteriorated state of health she was removed due to the lack of commitment of the parents with the treatment indicated by the health staff. In conclusion: congenital anomalies are pathologies caused by several factors found in the mother's environment, therefore, insufficient early detection of this pathology generates inevitable consequences for the newborn, as well as causing a negative psychological impact on the parentsObjetivo: Identificar las malformaciones congénitas no especificadas mediante la revisión del historial clínico de una paciente del área de Neonatología del Hospital General Docente Ambato. La investigación se enmarcó en el tipo descriptivo, se recolectó información mediante la revisión de la historia clínica obtenida en el Hospital General Docente Ambato &nbsp

Steady-state modulation of voltage-gated K+ channels in rat arterial smooth muscle by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein phosphatase 2B

Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) are important regulators of membrane potential in vascular smooth muscle cells, which is integral to controlling intracellular Ca2+ concentration and regulating vascular tone. Previous work indicates that Kv channels can be modulated by receptor-driven alterations of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity. Here, we demonstrate that Kv channel activity is maintained by tonic activity of PKA. Whole-cell recording was used to assess the effect of manipulating PKA signalling on Kv and ATP-dependent K+ channels of rat mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells. Application of PKA inhibitors, KT5720 or H89, caused a significant inhibition of Kv currents. Tonic PKA-mediated activation of Kv appears maximal as application of isoprenaline (a β-adrenoceptor agonist) or dibutyryl-cAMP failed to enhance Kv currents. We also show that this modulation of Kv by PKA can be reversed by protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (PP2B). PKA-dependent inhibition of Kv by KT5720 can be abrogated by pre-treatment with the PP2B inhibitor cyclosporin A, or inclusion of a PP2B auto-inhibitory peptide in the pipette solution. Finally, we demonstrate that tonic PKA-mediated modulation of Kv requires intact caveolae. Pre-treatment of the cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin to deplete cellular cholesterol, or adding caveolin-scaffolding domain peptide to the pipette solution to disrupt caveolae-dependent signalling each attenuated PKA-mediated modulation of the Kv current. These findings highlight a novel, caveolae-dependent, tonic modulatory role of PKA on Kv channels providing new insight into mechanisms and the potential for pharmacological manipulation of vascular tone

A closed loop brain-machine interface for epilepsy control using dorsal column electrical stimulation

Although electrical neurostimulation has been proposed as an alternative treatment for drug-resistant cases of epilepsy, current procedures such as deep brain stimulation, vagus, and trigeminal nerve stimulation are effective only in a fraction of the patients. Here we demonstrate a closed loop brain-machine interface that delivers electrical stimulation to the dorsal column (DCS) of the spinal cord to suppress epileptic seizures. Rats were implanted with cortical recording microelectrodes and spinal cord stimulating electrodes, and then injected with pentylenetetrazole to induce seizures. Seizures were detected in real time from cortical local field potentials, after which DCS was applied. This method decreased seizure episode frequency by 44% and seizure duration by 38%. We argue that the therapeutic effect of DCS is related to modulation of cortical theta waves, and propose that this closed-loop interface has the potential to become an effective and semi-invasive treatment for refractory epilepsy and other neurological disorders.We are grateful for the assistance from Jim Meloy for the design and production of the multielectrode arrays as well as setup development and maintenance, Laura Oliveira, Terry Jones, and Susan Halkiotis for administrative assistance and preparation of the manuscript. This work was funded by a grant from The Hartwell Foundation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Risk Factors and Characterization of Plasmodium Vivax-Associated Admissions to Pediatric Intensive Care Units in the Brazilian Amazon

BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax is responsible for a significant proportion of malaria cases worldwide and is increasingly reported as a cause of severe disease. The objective of this study was to characterize severe vivax disease among children hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) in the Western Brazilian Amazon, and to identify risk factors associated with disease severity. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this retrospective study, clinical records of 34 children, 0-14 years of age hospitalized in the 11 public pediatric and neonatal ICUs of the Manaus area, were reviewed. P. falciparum monoinfection or P. falciparum/P. vivax mixed infection was diagnosed by microscopy in 10 cases, while P. vivax monoinfection was confirmed in the remaining 24 cases. Two of the 24 patients with P. vivax monoinfection died. Respiratory distress, shock and severe anemia were the most frequent complications associated with P. vivax infection. Ninety-one children hospitalized with P. vivax monoinfections but not requiring ICU were consecutively recruited in a tertiary care hospital for infectious diseases to serve as a reference population (comparators). Male sex (p = 0.039), age less than five years (p = 0.028), parasitemia greater than 500/mm(3) (p = 0.018), and the presence of any acute (p = 0.023) or chronic (p = 0.017) co-morbidity were independently associated with ICU admission. At least one of the WHO severity criteria for malaria (formerly validated for P. falciparum) was present in 23/24 (95.8%) of the patients admitted to the ICU and in 17/91 (18.7%) of controls, making these criteria a good predictor of ICU admission (p = 0.001). The only investigated criterion not associated with ICU admission was hyperbilirubinemia (p = 0.513)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our study points to the importance of P. vivax-associated severe disease in children, causing 72.5% of the malaria admissions to pediatric ICUs. WHO severity criteria demonstrated good sensitivity in predicting severe P. vivax infection in this small case series