A completeness indicator of gestational and congenital syphilis information in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of information on gestational syphilis (GS) and congenital syphilis (CS) on the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN-Syphilis Brazil – Notifiable Diseases Information System) by compiling and validating completeness indicators between 2007 and 2018. METHODS: Overall, care, and socioeconomic completeness scores were compiled based on selected variables, by using ad hoc weights assigned by experts. The completeness scores were analysed, considering the region and area of residence, the pregnant woman’s race/colour, and the year of case notification. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to validate the scores obtained by the weighted average method, compared with the values obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS: Most selected variables presented a good or excellent degree of completeness for GS and CS, except for clinical classification, pregnant woman’s level of education, partner’s treatment, and child’s race/colour, which were classified as poor or very poor. The overall (89.93% versus 89.69%) and socioeconomic (88.71% versus 88.24%) completeness scores for GS and CS, respectively, were classified as regular, whereas the care score (GS-90.88%, and CS-90.72%) was good, despite improvements over time. Differences in the overall, care and socioeconomic completeness scores according to region, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups were reported for syphilis notifications. The completeness scores estimated by the weighted average method and PCA showed a strong linear correlation (> 0.90). CONCLUSION: The completeness of GS and CS notifications has been improving in recent years, highlighting the variables that form the care score, compared with the socioeconomic scores, despite differences between regions, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups. The weighted average was a viable methodological alternative easily operationalised to estimate data completeness scores, allowing routine monitoring of the completeness of gestational and congenital syphilis records

Exercise stress echocardiography in the identification of coronary artery disease in the elderly with chronotropic incompetence

FUNDAMENTO: A incompetência cronotrópica (ICT) é freqüente em pacientes idosos e pode limitar o papel do teste ergométrico na identificação da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) nessa população. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor da ICT, em uma população idosa, no diagnóstico da DAC. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 3.308 pacientes, desses, 804 eram idosos (idade >65 anos) que se submeteram a ecocardiografia sob estresse pelo esforço físico (EEEF). Com base na freqüência cardíaca (FC) alcançada durante o teste ergométrico, subdivididos em dois grupos: G1 – 150 pacientes que não atingiram 85% da FC preconizada para a idade e G2 – 654 pacientes que conseguiram atingir. Os grupos foram comparados quanto a características clínicas, índice de contratilidade segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo (IMVE) e cineangiocoronariografia (CACG). RESULTADOS: As características clínicas foram similares entre os grupos. O IMVE foi maior em G1 do que em G2, tanto no repouso (1.09 ± 0.21 versus 1.04 ± 0,15) quanto após esforço (1.15 ± 0.29 versus 1.08 ± 0.2) (p 50%) versus 84,5% em G2. CONCLUSÃO: A ICT está associada à maior freqüência de alterações contráteis em população idosa e adiciona valor preditivo positivo à EEEF ao identificar pacientes com DAC obstrutiva. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Background: Chronotropic incompetence (CTI) is frequent in elderly patients and may limit the role of the exercise test in the identification of coronary artery disease (CAD) in this population. Objective: To assess the value of CTI in an elderly population in the diagnosis of CAD. Methods: A total of 3,308 patients were studied, 804 were elderly individuals (age > 65 years) who underwent exercise stress echocardiography (ESE). Based on the heart rate (HR) reached during the exercise test, were divided into two groups: G1 150 patients who did not reach 85% of the age-predicted HR, and G2 654 patients who did. The groups were compared to clinical characteristics, segmental left ventricular contractility rate (WMSI) and coronary angiography (CAG). Results: Clinical characteristics were similar between the groups. WMSI was higher in G1 than in G2, both at rest (1.09 ± 0.21 versus 1.04 ± 0.15) and after exercise (1.15 ± 0.29 versus 1.08 ± 0.2) (p < 0.001). Abnormalities in wall contractility were more frequent in G1 than in G2 (55% versus 37%; p < 0.05), thus suggesting that elderly with CTI have a higher frequency of CAD. CAG was performed in 69% ESE positive for myocardial ischemia. In the G1 group, 91% of the ESE were true positive versus 84.5% in G2, that is, presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (> 50%). Conclusion: CTI is associated with a higher frequency of contractile alterations in the elderly population and adds a positive predictive value to ESE in the identification of patients with obstructive CAD

Prognostic value of exercise echocardiography in diabetic patients

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Although exercise echocardiography (EE) is established as a useful method for diagnosis and stratification of risk for CAD in the general population, there are few studies on its value as a prognostic tool in diabetic patients. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the value of EE in predicting cardiac events in diabetics. Methods 193 diabetic patients, 97 males, 59.8 ± 9.3 yrs (mean ± SD) were submitted to EE between 2001 and 2006 and followed from 7 to 65 months with median of 29 months by phone calls and personal interviews with patients and their primary physician, and reviewing medical records and death certificates. The end points were cardiac events, defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction, late myocardial revascularization and cardiac death. Sudden death without another explanation was considered cardiac death. Survival free of end points was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Twenty-six cardiac events were registered in 24 individuals during the follow-up. The rates of cardiac events were 20.6 and 7% in patients with positive and negative EE, respectively (p < 0.001). Predictors of cardiac events included sedentary lifestyle, with RR of 2.57 95%CI [1.09 to 6.02] (P = 0.03) and positive EE, with RR 3.63, 95%CI [1.44 to 9.16] (P = 0.01). Patients with positive EE presented higher rates of cardiac events at 12 months (6.8% vs. 2.2%), p = 0.004. Conclusion EE is a useful method to predict cardiac events in diabetic patients with suspected or known CAD

Desvendando a enxaqueca: explorando os complexos fatores por trás da dor

A enxaqueca é uma condição neurológica crônica caracterizada por dores de cabeça recorrentes e debilitantes, frequentemente acompanhadas por sintomas como náuseas, sensibilidade à luz e ao som. Apesar de sua prevalência e impacto significativos na qualidade de vida, os mecanismos subjacentes à enxaqueca ainda não são completamente compreendidos. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os diversos fatores que contribuem para a enxaqueca, incluindo aspectos genéticos, neurobiológicos, ambientais, psicológicos e comportamentais. Além disso, pretende-se discutir as implicações práticas desses achados para a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da enxaqueca, bem como identificar lacunas no conhecimento existente que possam orientar futuras pesquisas. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A pesquisa foi conduzida em bases de dados acadêmicas, como PubMed e Google Acadêmico, utilizando termos de busca relevantes para identificar estudos importantes. Os resultados destacam a complexidade da enxaqueca e a interação de múltiplos fatores na sua etiologia e expressão clínica. Evidências sugerem uma contribuição significativa de fatores genéticos, disfunções neurobiológicas, influências ambientais, estresse emocional e hábitos de vida na predisposição e desencadeamento de crises de enxaqueca. Além disso, esta revisão destaca a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar no manejo da enxaqueca, que integre estratégias farmacológicas, comportamentais e de estilo de vida. Em conclusão, a enxaqueca é uma condição complexa influenciada por uma variedade de fatores inter-relacionados. Uma compreensão abrangente desses fatores é essencial para melhorar o diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da enxaqueca, visando melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes afetados por essa condição incapacitante

A completeness indicator of gestational and congenital syphilis information in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of information on gestational syphilis (GS) and congenital syphilis (CS) on the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN-Syphilis Brazil - Notifiable Diseases Information System) by compiling and validating completeness indicators between 2007 and 2018. METHODS: Overall, care, and socioeconomic completeness scores were compiled based on selected variables, by using ad hoc weights assigned by experts. The completeness scores were analysed, considering the region and area of residence, the pregnant woman's race/colour, and the year of case notification. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to validate the scores obtained by the weighted average method, compared with the values obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS: Most selected variables presented a good or excellent degree of completeness for GS and CS, except for clinical classification, pregnant woman's level of education, partner's treatment, and child's race/colour, which were classified as poor or very poor. The overall (89.93% versus 89.69%) and socioeconomic (88.71% versus 88.24%) completeness scores for GS and CS, respectively, were classified as regular, whereas the care score (GS-90.88%, and CS-90.72%) was good, despite improvements over time. Differences in the overall, care and socioeconomic completeness scores according to region, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups were reported for syphilis notifications. The completeness scores estimated by the weighted average method and PCA showed a strong linear correlation (> 0.90). CONCLUSION: The completeness of GS and CS notifications has been improving in recent years, highlighting the variables that form the care score, compared with the socioeconomic scores, despite differences between regions, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups. The weighted average was a viable methodological alternative easily operationalised to estimate data completeness scores, allowing routine monitoring of the completeness of gestational and congenital syphilis records

Vinte anos dos Estudos Eleitorais Portugueses, 2002-2022: A Base de Dados integrada

Para uma descrição completa do estudo, http://www.apis.ics.ulisboa.pt/catalogo/APIS0097.“Vinte anos dos Estudos Eleitorais Portugueses, 2002-2022” é uma base de dados integrada que junta os inquéritos pós-eleitorais conduzidos nos anos 2002, 2005, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2019 e 2022. Estes inquéritos junto da população adulta portuguesa têm o objetivo de medir o comportamento eleitoral (participação e opção de voto) em eleições legislativas, assim como uma série de potenciais correlatos, incluindo exposição aos media, discussão política e uma série de atitudes e valores políticos.info:eu-repo/semantics/updatedVersio

CD4+ Th1 and Th17 responses and multifunctional CD8 T lymphocytes associated with cure or disease worsening in human visceral leishmaniasis

IntroductionIn VL, a proinflammatory phenotype is typically associated with enhanced phagocytosis and a Th1 mediated immune response resulting in infection control. In contrast, an anti-inflammatory phenotype, associated with a predominant regulatory response, typically enables intracellular multiplication of Leishmania parasites and disease progression.MethodsTo investigate the impact of chemotherapy on Th2 and Th17 immune responses in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we assessed all combinations of intracellular expression of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17 in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from patients, after antigenic stimulation with Leishmania lysate, throughout treatment and follow-up. As increases in spleen and liver sizes and decreases in hematocrit, hemogloblin, erythrocytes, monocytes, leukocytes and platelets levels are strongly related to the disease, we studied the correlations between the frequencies of T cells producing the afore mentioned cytokines, individually and in combination, and these variables, as markers of disease or cure.ResultsWe found that the frequency of IFN-γ-producingCD4+ T cells increased until the end of chemotherapy with Glucantime® or AmBisome ®, while IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells peaked on day 7 following the start of treatment. Although the frequency of CD4+IL-17+ cells decreased during treatment an increase was observed after clinical cure. The frequency of CD4+ T cells producing only IFN-γ or IL-17 correlated with blood monocytes levels. Frequencies of double-producers of IFN-γ and IL-10 or IL-4 correlated positively with eosinophils and platelets levels. Together, this suggest that IFN-γ drives the immune response towards Th1 at cure. In contrast, and associated with disease or Th2 response, the frequency of CD4+ IL-10+ cells correlated positively with spleen sizes and negatively with circulating monocyte levels, while the frequency of CD4+ producing both IL-4 and IL-10 correlated negatively with platelets levels. The frequency of CD8+ single-producers of IFN-γ increased from day 21 to 90 while that of single-producers of IL-10 peaked on day 7, of IL-4 on day 30 and of IL-17, on day 180. IFN-γ expression in CD8+ single- and double-producers of cytokines was indicative of an immune response associated with cure. In contrast, frequencies of CD8+ double-producers of IL-4 and IL-10, IL-4 and IL-17 and IL-10 and IL-17 and producers of three and four cytokines, were associated with disease and were low after the cure. Frequencies of CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ alone or with IL-17 were positively correlated with platelets levels. In contrast, as markers of disease: 1) frequencies of single producers of IL-10 correlated negatively with leukocytes levels, 2) frequencies of double producers of IL-4 and IL-10 correlated negatively with platelet, leukocyte, lymphocyte and circulating monocyte levels, 3) frequencies of triple-producers of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 correlated negatively with platelet, leukocyte and neutrophil levels and 4) frequencies of producers of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 simultaneously correlated positively with spleen size, and negatively with leukocyte and neutrophil levels.DiscussionOur results confirmed that the clinical improvement of VL patients correlates with the decrease of an IL-4 and IL-10 CD4+Th2 response, the recovery of CD4+ Th1 and Th17 responses and the frequency of CD8+ single-producers of IFN-γ and double producers of IFN-γ and IL-17