CRITERIA FOR RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTITIS IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

Objective: This study aimed to compare four radiographic methods for interpreting the periodontitis in epidemiological studies on associations with systemic conditions.Methods: A database from a case-control study evaluating the association between osteoporosis and periodontitis was used to compare four different radiographic criteria (RC) with the clinical criteria (CC) for interpreting the presence of periodontal disease (PD): RC-1, one tooth; RC-2, at least two teeth; RC-3, at least three teeth; RC-4, at least four teeth, with one or more sites on the mesial or distal face presenting bone loss ≥ 3 mm, in relation to the cement-enamel junction. PD frequency and diagnostic values were calculated, along with the main association measurements (odds ratios), for the two criteria presenting highest specificity.Results: PD frequency varied according to the RC used, from 76.6% to 95.6%. RC-4 and RC-3 presented the highest specificity (30.5% and 21.0%, respectively). The sensitivity was 100% for all criteria tested. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for RC-3 and RC-4 ranged from 1.13 to 1.52, without statistical significance.Conclusions: The findings showed that PD frequency may be influenced by different RCs, as well as indicating variation in the strength of the association between osteoporosis and periodontitis.

Neoplasia Ablation in the Equine Oral Cavity Vestibule

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is responsible for more than 90% of head and neck neoplasms in humans. Multiple factors are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinomas in humans and animals, such as prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, lack of pigment in the epidermis, or sparse hair coverage. In horses, oral forms are rare and represent 7% of cases, but sarcoids are the main type of oral neoplasia. In the present case, due to the location and anatomical dimensions of the oral vestibule, it was necessary to adapt it to the natural tumor excision, a fact that aimed to describe this report.Case: One Arabian 2- year-old male horse, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Santa Cruz State University (UESC), with signs of severe mouth bleeding and halitosis. Clinical inspection of the face showed elevation in the masseter region and left mandible branch. Clinical examination of the oral cavity revealed soft tissue tumor extending from tooth 308 (PM-1, lower left) to 311 (M-3, lower left) and on the buccal surface of the left mandible branch. Radiographic examination revealed no invasion of bone tissue by the tumor. Biopsy material was collected. The histopathological report was of neoplastic cell proliferation, frequent mitoses, binucleate cells and extensive ulceration area associated with neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate, indicative of squamous cell carcinoma. The animal was referred to the Surgical Sector who, after evaluation of the animal, opted for the ablation of the neoplasia. Pre-anesthesia performed with intravenous detomidine 30 µg/kg, anesthesia with regional mandibular nerve block with 20 mL of 2% lidocaine and maintenance with continuous infusion of detoxid 0.5 µg/kg/ min. Contention for the operative act in the quadrupedal position. The opening of the oral cavity through the Holborn ratchet opener. The beginning of the surgery was with the scalpel, which allowed the removal of approximately one third of the tumor. Due to the great difficulty of fully accessing the area, due to the location of the tumor in the vestibule of the mouth, as well as the presence of fibrosis and calcification, it was necessary to adapt a 15 cm lambotte rugina to allow manipulation and perfect access to the entire mass. tumor for its complete ablation. The synthesis was not performed due to the anatomy and extension of the bed where the tumor was located, which similarly favored drainage. The surgical specimen was treated and fixed in 10% formaldehyde and sent to the Pathology Department for histopathological diagnosis. Immediate postoperative medication consisted of intravenous tranexamic acid administration 5 mg/kg; flunixin megluminate 2.2 mg/kg intramuscularly for three days; intravenous metronidazole 15 mg/kg for ten days and a diet of easily digestible pasture.Discussion: Exeresis of surrounding lymph nodes is indicated, associated with treatment of electrochemotherapy, as oncologists have obtained excellent prognosis and survival of dogs and cats with oral neoplasms. This therapeutic modality may allow the treatment of cancers in horses, since the electric pulse increases the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Tumors of the oral cavity of horses, due to the signs and symptoms manifested, must be diagnosed and treated urgently, clinically and surgically, due to the evolutionary characteristics of these diseases

CUIDADOS PERIOPERATÓRIOS: ESTRATÉGIAS PARA MELHORAR OS RESULTADOS EM CIRURGIA GERAL

Objective: To understand how perioperative care impacts improvements in general surgery outcomes. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted spanning from September 2001 to December 2023. The research was guided by the question "How do perioperative care strategies enhance outcomes in general surgery?" Virtual health databases such as PubMed were utilized, employing specific MeSH descriptors including "Perioperative Care," "Perioperative Period," and "General Surgery." Additionally, the search extended to the Scielo platform, using DeCS terms "General Surgery," "Perioperative Period," and "Perioperative Assistance." Results: Emphasis is placed on the importance of personalized perioperative care, effective interdisciplinary communication, precise fluid management, active patient education, effective antibiotic prophylaxis protocols, multidisciplinary involvement in rehabilitation, and continuous improvement based on indicators. These elements were identified as crucial for achieving more positive surgical outcomes in general surgeries. Conclusion: The outcomes of this systematic review underscore the imperative need for ironic approaches, synergistic interdisciplinary collaboration, and an interactive perspective in enhancing perioperative care in general surgery. These elements not only positively corroborate surgical outcomes but also fortify the framework for a more effective and patient-centered clinical practice.Objetivo: Entender como o cuidado perioperatório impacta no melhorias dos resultados em cirurgia geral. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura abrangendo setembro de 200 a dezembro de 2023. A pesquisa teve como norteamento a pergunta "Como os cuidados perioperatórios são estratégias para melhorar os resultados das cirurgias gerais?". Utilizaram-se bases de dados virtuais em saúde, como o PubMed, com descritores MeSH específicos, incluindo "Perioperative Care", "Perioperative Period" e "General Surgery". Além disso, a pesquisa foi estendida à plataforma Scielo, utilizando os DeCs "Cirurgia Geral", "Período Perioperatório" e "Assistência Perioperatório". Resultados: Destaca-se  a importância de cuidados perioperatórios personalizados, comunicação interdisciplinar efetiva, gestão precisa de fluidos, educação ativa do paciente, protocolos de antibioticoprofilaxia eficazes, envolvimento multidisciplinar na reabilitação e melhoria contínua com base em indicadores. Esses elementos foram identificados como cruciais para alcançar resultados cirúrgicos mais positivos em cirurgias gerais. Conclusão: Os desdobramentos desta revisão sistemática ressaltam a imperatividade de abordagens irônicas, colaboração interdisciplinar sinergética e uma perspectiva interativa no aprimoramento dos cuidados perioperatórios em cirurgia geral. Estes elementos não só corroboram positivamente nos resultados cirúrgicos, mas também potencializam a estrutura para uma praxis clínica mais eficaz e centrada no paciente

Imidazolium salts as an alternative for anti-Leishmania drugs: Oxidative and immunomodulatory activities

In this study we explored the previously established leishmanicidal activity of a complementary set of 24 imidazolium salts (IS), 1-hexadecylimidazole (C16Im) and 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride (C16PyrCl) against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Promastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi were incubated with 0.1 to 100 μM of the compounds and eight of them demonstrated leishmanicidal activity after 48 h – C10MImMeS (IC50L. amazonensis = 11.6), C16MImPF6(IC50L. amazonensis = 6.9), C16MImBr (IC50L. amazonensis = 6), C16M2ImCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 4.1), C16M4ImCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 1.8), (C10)2MImCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 1.9), C16Im (IC50L. amazonensis = 14.6), and C16PyrCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 4).The effect of IS on reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane integrity and morphological alterations of promastigotes was determined, as well as on L. amazonensis-infected macrophages. Their cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes was also evaluated. The IS C10MImMeS, C16MImPF6, C16MImBr, C16M2ImCl, C16M4ImCl and (C10)2MImCl, and the compounds C16Im and C16PyrCl killed and inhibited the growth of promastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi in a concentration-dependent manner, contributing to a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of IS against Leishmania. These IS induced ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption and morphological alterations in infective forms of L. amazonensis and killed intracellular amastigote forms in very low concentrations (IC50 amastigotes ≤ 0.3), being potential drug candidates against L. amazonensis

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹ (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3&nbsp;e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue