Seleção de adubos verdes para a prestação de serviços ecossistêmicos em ambiente semiárido

Green manure is a soil management technique which provides several benefits to agroecosystems, improving the chemical, physical and biological quality of the soil, allowing them to provide different ecosystem services. Thus, the purpose of this work was to select green manures to compose multifunctional agroecosystems that provide ecosystem services in a semi-arid environment through the addition of biomass, C and N, and nutrient cycling. Thus, 29 treatments were evaluated in two cultivation cycles, using 14 species of legumes, oilseeds and grasses, distributed in single and intercropped crops. The green manures were cut at 70 days after sowing, and samples of the shoot and root parts were collected, with the production of fresh and dry biomass and the N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S levels being evaluated. C and biomass from rhizodeposition were also estimated. From these data, the accumulation of nutrients in the shoot and root biomass was calculated. Data were compared using descriptive and multivariate statistics. There is a positive relationship between the growing number of species used in consortium and the greater production of shoot and root biomass, favoring the increase in the capacity of the agroecosystem to provide provision and regulation services, with the latter being associated with climate change mitigation measures, highlighting the importance of biodiversity.A adubação verde é uma técnica de manejo do solo que proporciona diversos benefícios aos agroecossistemas, melhorando a qualidade química, física e biológica do solo e permitindo que eles forneçam diferentes serviços ecossistêmicos. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi selecionar adubos verdes para compor agroecossistemas multifuncionais que prestem serviços ecossistêmicos em ambiente semiárido, por meio da adição de biomassa, C e N e da ciclagem de nutrientes. Para isso, foram avaliados, em dois ciclos de cultivo, 29 tratamentos utilizandose 14 espécies de leguminosas, oleaginosas e gramíneas, distribuídas em cultivos solteiros e consorciados. Setenta dias após a semeadura, os adubos verdes foram cortados e coletaram-se amostras das partes aérea e radicular, nas quais foram avaliadas a produção de biomassa fresca e seca e os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Os teores de C e a biomassa proveniente de rizodeposição foram estimados. Com esses dados, foram calculados os acúmulos dos nutrientes na biomassa aérea e radicular. Os dados foram comparados por meio de estatística descritiva e multivariada. Existe uma relação positiva entre o número crescente de espécies utilizadas em consórcio e a maior produção de biomassa aérea e radicular, favorecendo o aumento da capacidade do agroecossistema na prestação de serviços de provisão e de regulação, este último associado às medidas de mitigação das mudanças climáticas, o que evidencia a importância da biodiversidade

CISTO ÓSSEO TRAUMÁTICO EM CORPO MANDIBULAR: : UM RELATO DE DOIS CASOS

Introdução: O cisto ósseo traumático é uma lesão intraóssea rara e assintomática, caracterizada por cavidade sem revestimento epitelial, sendo classificado como um pseudocisto.  A sua descoberta é realizada por meio de achados radiográficos de rotina. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar dois casos clínicos de cisto ósseo traumático em mandíbula. Desenvolvimento: Caso 1: paciente gênero masculino, 17 anos, portando exame radiográfico com imagem radiotransparente em corpo mandibular, assintomático ao exame físico. Ao exame tomográfico, observou-se região hipodensa em corpo mandibular (ápices dentários 47/48) e o mesmo foi submetido a curetagem total da lesão, observou-se loja óssea com ausência de cápsula e discreto sangramento, confirmando hipótese diagnóstica de COT. Caso 2: paciente gênero feminino, 15 anos, portando exame radiográfico de rotina com imagem semelhante, assintomática ao exame físico. Ao exame tomográfico, notou-se região hipodensa em corpo mandibular (ápices dentários 44/45), sendo essa submetida a curetagem total da lesão, com características semelhantes. Os casos apontam neoformação óssea ao acompanhamento radiográfico. Considerações finais: Conclui-se ser primordial o diagnóstico clínico-radiográfico de lesões intraósseas para melhor conduta terapêutica, sendo consenso na literatura os excelentes resultados a longo prazo da curetagem das paredes ósseas como tratamento

A influência da distribuição espacial na qualidade do fuste de Euxylophora paraensis (Huber) em floresta de terra firme manejada na Amazônia Oriental / The influence of spatial distribution on the stem quality of Euxylophora paraensis (Huber) in a managed upland forest in the Eastern Amazon

A manutenção da diversidade tanto de espécies como de habitats, é fundamental para o sucesso de empreendimentos florestais na Amazônia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência da distribuição espacial na qualidade do fuste de Euxylhophora paraensis (Huber), em floresta de terra firme manejada na Amazônia Oriental. A área de estudo está localizada na Fazenda Rio Capim, pertencente a CKBV Florestal Ltda., no município de Paragominas estado Pará. Para a análise da influência da distribuição espacial na qualidade do fuste das árvores utilizou a geoestatística, a partir da modelagem de semivariograma e confecção de mapas de krigagem. De acordo com os dados observou-se que todas as avaliações tiveram melhor ajuste ao modelo esférico, que apresentou o maior coeficiente de determinação em relação aos outros modelos testados. A espécie florestal E. paraensis apresentou padrão de distribuição agregada, com alcance de 570 a 840 metros formando reboleiras de árvores na floresta estudada, indicando que maiores agregações favorecem maior qualidade do fuste esse delineamento ecológico deve ser avaliado nas tomadas de decisão sobre o manejo e sobrevivência da espécie

Imidazolium salts as an alternative for anti-Leishmania drugs: Oxidative and immunomodulatory activities

In this study we explored the previously established leishmanicidal activity of a complementary set of 24 imidazolium salts (IS), 1-hexadecylimidazole (C16Im) and 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride (C16PyrCl) against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Promastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi were incubated with 0.1 to 100 μM of the compounds and eight of them demonstrated leishmanicidal activity after 48 h – C10MImMeS (IC50L. amazonensis = 11.6), C16MImPF6(IC50L. amazonensis = 6.9), C16MImBr (IC50L. amazonensis = 6), C16M2ImCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 4.1), C16M4ImCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 1.8), (C10)2MImCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 1.9), C16Im (IC50L. amazonensis = 14.6), and C16PyrCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 4).The effect of IS on reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane integrity and morphological alterations of promastigotes was determined, as well as on L. amazonensis-infected macrophages. Their cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes was also evaluated. The IS C10MImMeS, C16MImPF6, C16MImBr, C16M2ImCl, C16M4ImCl and (C10)2MImCl, and the compounds C16Im and C16PyrCl killed and inhibited the growth of promastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi in a concentration-dependent manner, contributing to a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of IS against Leishmania. These IS induced ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption and morphological alterations in infective forms of L. amazonensis and killed intracellular amastigote forms in very low concentrations (IC50 amastigotes ≤ 0.3), being potential drug candidates against L. amazonensis

ENIGMA CHEK2gether Project: A Comprehensive Study Identifies Functionally Impaired CHEK2 Germline Missense Variants Associated with Increased Breast Cancer Risk

PURPOSE: Germline pathogenic variants in CHEK2 confer moderately elevated breast cancer risk (odds ratio, OR ∼ 2.5), qualifying carriers for enhanced breast cancer screening. Besides pathogenic variants, dozens of missense CHEK2 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) have been identified, hampering the clinical utility of germline genetic testing (GGT). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We collected 460 CHEK2 missense VUS identified by the ENIGMA consortium in 15 countries. Their functional characterization was performed using CHEK2-complementation assays quantifying KAP1 phosphorylation and CHK2 autophosphorylation in human RPE1-CHEK2-knockout cells. Concordant results in both functional assays were used to categorize CHEK2 VUS from 12 ENIGMA case-control datasets, including 73,048 female patients with breast cancer and 88,658 ethnicity-matched controls. RESULTS: A total of 430/460 VUS were successfully analyzed, of which 340 (79.1%) were concordant in both functional assays and categorized as functionally impaired (N = 102), functionally intermediate (N = 12), or functionally wild-type (WT)-like (N = 226). We then examined their association with breast cancer risk in the case-control analysis. The OR and 95% CI (confidence intervals) for carriers of functionally impaired, intermediate, and WT-like variants were 2.83 (95% CI, 2.35-3.41), 1.57 (95% CI, 1.41-1.75), and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.08-1.31), respectively. The meta-analysis of population-specific datasets showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the functional consequences for the majority of CHEK2 missense VUS found in patients with breast cancer (3,660/4,436; 82.5%). Carriers of functionally impaired missense variants accounted for 0.5% of patients with breast cancer and were associated with a moderate risk similar to that of truncating CHEK2 variants. In contrast, 2.2% of all patients with breast cancer carried functionally wild-type/intermediate missense variants with no clinically relevant breast cancer risk in heterozygous carriers

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost