Resurgent Transseries and the Holomorphic Anomaly: Nonperturbative Closed Strings in Local CP2

The holomorphic anomaly equations describe B-model closed topological strings in Calabi-Yau geometries. Having been used to construct perturbative expansions, it was recently shown that they can also be extended past perturbation theory by making use of resurgent transseries. These yield formal nonperturbative solutions, showing integrability of the holomorphic anomaly equations at the nonperturbative level. This paper takes such constructions one step further by working out in great detail the specific example of topological strings in the mirror of the local CP2 toric Calabi-Yau background, and by addressing the associated (resurgent) large-order analysis of both perturbative and multi-instanton sectors. In particular, analyzing the asymptotic growth of the perturbative free energies, one finds contributions from three different instanton actions related by Z_3 symmetry, alongside another action related to the Kahler parameter. Resurgent transseries methods then compute, from the extended holomorphic anomaly equations, higher instanton sectors and it is shown that these precisely control the asymptotic behavior of the perturbative free energies, as dictated by resurgence. The asymptotic large-order growth of the one-instanton sector unveils the presence of resonance, i.e., each instanton action is necessarily joined by its symmetric contribution. The structure of different resurgence relations is extensively checked at the numerical level, both in the holomorphic limit and in the general nonholomorphic case, always showing excellent agreement with transseries data computed out of the nonperturbative holomorphic anomaly equations. The resurgence relations further imply that the string free energy displays an intricate multi-branched Borel structure, and that resonance must be properly taken into account in order to describe the full transseries solution.Comment: 63 pages, 54 images in 24 figures, jheppub-nosort.sty; v2: corrected figure, minor changes, final version for CM

Resurgent Transseries and the Holomorphic Anomaly

The gauge theoretic large N expansion yields an asymptotic series which requires a nonperturbative completion in order to be well defined. Recently, within the context of random matrix models, it was shown how to build resurgent transseries solutions encoding the full nonperturbative information beyond the 't Hooft genus expansion. On the other hand, via large N duality, random matrix models may be holographically described by B-model closed topological strings in local Calabi-Yau geometries. This raises the question of constructing the corresponding holographically dual resurgent transseries, tantamount to nonperturbative topological string theory. This paper addresses this point by showing how to construct resurgent transseries solutions to the holomorphic anomaly equations. These solutions are built upon (generalized) multi-instanton sectors, where the instanton actions are holomorphic. The asymptotic expansions around the multi-instanton sectors have both holomorphic and anti-holomorphic dependence, may allow for resonance, and their structure is completely fixed by the holomorphic anomaly equations in terms of specific polynomials multiplied by exponential factors and up to the holomorphic ambiguities -- which generalizes the known perturbative structure to the full transseries. In particular, the anti-holomorphic dependence has a somewhat universal character. Furthermore, in the nonperturbative sectors, holomorphic ambiguities may be fixed at conifold points. This construction shows the nonperturbative integrability of the holomorphic anomaly equations, and sets the ground to start addressing large-order analysis and resurgent nonperturbative completions within closed topological string theory.Comment: 59 pages, jheppub-nosort.sty; v2: small additions, minor changes, refs updated; v3: more minor corrections, final version for AH

Resurgence in topological string theory

One of the main results of this theory describes, in a quantitative way, the relation between the perturbative and nonperturbative information of a system. Encoded in the asymptotic growth of the series coefficients of perturbation theory is the information necessary to reconstruct nonperturbative sectors. All these sectors can be put together in a formal object called the transseries, whose different coefficients are related to each other by resurgence relations. The resurgent approach has been applied succesfully to problems in mathematics, on differential and difference equations, and in physics, on quantum mechanics and even quantum field theory. It is currently a very active area of research merging the efforts of both physicists and mathematicians. This thesis performs a resurgent analysis of the perturbative topological string theory. Using the holomorphic anomaly equations it is possible to compute coefficients of the perturbative free energy to very high order and analyze their asymptotic growth. In agreement with resurgence, it is found that nonperturbative sectors coming from a transseries control this growth. It is shown that this transseries can be computed as a solution of a natural extension of the holomorphic anomaly equations. The first half of this thesis is concerned with the main properties of the theory of resurgence and with the computation of the perturbative topological string free energy. These results are then applied to a concrete topological string example. A careful study of the asymptotic growth of the perturbative free energies is performed and various resurgence relations are uncovered. These relations involve elements of the transseries describing the full nonperturbative free energy. General properties of the transseries satisfying the holomorphic anomaly equations are described, including the role of the instanton actions, the presence of holomorphic ambiguities and the possibility of resonance. The numerical results are found to match, to high precision, the elements of the computed transseries. The asymptotic nature of the higher instanton sectors is also studied and a complicated net of resurgence relations is found

Análisis de la expresión en membrana de receptores ionotrópicos de glutamato y GABA en cerebelo. Alteraciones en modelos animales de encefalopatía hepática

[ES] La encefalopatía hepática (EH) es un síndrome neuropsiquiátrico complejo, que se puede presentar en pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas crónicas o agudas. Se caracteriza por una progresiva alteración de funciones cognitivas, motoras y del sueño como consecuencia del fallo hepático y puede progresar en diferentes estadios hasta el coma y la muerte. Los mecanismos que conducen a las alteraciones neurológicas en la EH todavía no están bien establecidos pero comienzan a identificarse en modelos animales (Felipo V., Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2013). La hipótesis más aceptada actualmente acerca de las bases neurobiológicas de la EH apuntan a una combinación sinérgica de dos factores: la elevada concentración de amonio o hiperamonemia, debida a la deficiente eliminación en el hígado de esta toxina y la neuroinflamación. Estos dos factores conducen a alteraciones en la neurotransmisión glutamatérgica y GABAérgica que son responsables del deterioro cognitivo y motor. Uno de los mecanismos que podría contribuir a la alteración de la neurotransmisión es un cambio en la expresión en membrana de receptores de los neurotransmisores glutamato y GABA. El presente trabajo pretende analizar cómo afecta la EH a la expresión en membrana, en cerebelo e hipocampo, de receptores ionotrópicos (NMDA, AMPA, GABA) implicados en procesos de aprendizaje y memoria. Se utilizarán cortes de cerebro ex vivo de diferentes modelos animales de EH para estudiar la posible alteración de la expresión en membrana de dichos receptores y su implicación en el deterioro cognitivo y motor. Se estudiará si tratamientos que restauran la capacidad de aprendizaje y memoria normalizan la expresión en membrana de los receptores.[EN] Hepatic encephalopathy is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that can occur in patients with acute or chronic liver disease. It is characterized by a progressive alteration of cognitive, motor and sleep as a result of liver failure functions and can progress at different stages to coma and death. The mechanisms leading to neurological disorders in HE are not yet well established but begin to identify in animal models (Felipo V., Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2013). The most widely accepted about the neurobiological basis of HE hypothesis point to a synergistic combination of two factors: the high concentration of ammonium or hyperammonemia due to poor elimination in the liver of this toxin and neuroinflammation. These two factors lead to abnormalities in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission are responsible for cognitive and motor impairment. One of the mechanisms that could contribute to impaired neurotransmission is a change in expression of membrane receptors for the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA. This paper analyzes how HE affects the membrane expression, in cerebellum, of ionotropic receptors (NMDA, AMPA and GABA) involved in learning and memory as well as transporters responsible for removing the neurotransmitter glutamate of the synaptic cleft after his release. We will be used slices of cerebellum ex vivo in different animal models of HE to study the possible alteration of the membrane expression of these receptors and their involvement in cognitive and motor impairment.Santamaría Adame, R. (2015). Análisis de la expresión en membrana de receptores ionotrópicos de glutamato y GABA en cerebelo. Alteraciones en modelos animales de encefalopatía hepática. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/54382.TFG

Facileasymo: desarrollo de un sistema de diálogo multimodal para la resolución de incidencias informáticas

Este Proyecto Fin de Carrera consiste en el desarrollo de una herramienta que ayude a resolver sencillas y rutinarias incidencias informáticas, tanto a nivel doméstico como profesional. Esto se conseguirá a través de la ayuda de un asistente que conseguirá identificar el motivo de la incidencia, y a continuación ofrecerá una serie de sencillos pasos para ayudar al interlocutor a solucionarlo. Esta herramienta ofrece una comunicación multimodal, permitiendo al usuario interactuar con la herramienta y también a través del ordenador mediante una página web creada, en la cual se almacenaran los diferentes datos facilitados por cada uno de los usuarios y el historial de incidencias del que consta. En esta plataforma, podremos también acceder a distintos manuales de aparatos informáticos, pudiendo ayudar al usuario a entender un poco mejor su problema. Además en el momento que lo desee podrá modificar cualquiera de sus datos personales, permitiendo al portal estar constantemente actualizado. Esta página también está adaptada para dispositivos móviles, de esta manera facilitamos el acceso desde móviles y tablets, ajustándose a cada uno de ellos. La herramienta nos permite solucionar nosotros mismos incidencias desde el no funcionamiento del teclado, ratón, altavoces, etc., hasta poder averiguar por qué nuestra impresora no nos imprime o por qué el monitor no se enciende. La aplicación se apoya además en otra tecnologías adicionales, como son la utilización de bases de datos (MySQL), servidores web y de VoiceXML (x10Hosting y Voxeo Evolution) y uso de diferentes lenguajes de programación (PHP, HTML, JavaScript), que la hacen más dinámica y flexible, aumentando su calidad y eficiencia. El proyecto se complementa con un estudio detallado y análisis de los sistemas de diálogo y de la aplicación del estándar VoiceXML para su desarrollo, llevado a cabo con el objetivo de aplicar todo su potencial para completar con éxito este Proyecto Final de Carrera.This project consists in the development of a tool to help solve simple and routine informatics incidents, domestic and professional problems. This will be achieved through the help of an assistant to get identify the cause of the incident, and then offer a series of simple steps to solve the problem. This tool offers a multimodal communication, allowing users to interact with the tool, also via computer by a website created, in which the different information provided by each of the users and the historical of the incidences were saved. On this platform, we can also access to different manuals informatics devices, being able to help the user to understand a little better your problem. Also in any moment the user can modify any of your personal data quickly, allowing the website to be constantly updated. This website is also adapted for mobile devices, so we facilitate access from mobile and tablets, adjusting to each. The tool allows us to resolve ourselves different incidents, for example the not operation to keyboard, mouse, speakers, etc., or even you can figure out why the printer does not print or the monitor does not turn on. The application rests on other additional technologies, such as the use of databases ( MySQL), web servers and VoiceXML ( x10Hosting and Voxeo Evolution) and using different programming languages ( PHP, HTML, JavaScript), which make it more dynamic and flexible, increasing their quality and efficiency. The project is complemented by a detailed study and analysis of dialogue systems and the implementation of the VoiceXML standard for development, carried out in order to implement their potential to successfully complete this project.Ingeniería Técnica en Sistemas de Telecomunicació

New Eunicellin-Type Diterpenes from the Panamanian Octocoral Briareum Asbestinum

Gorgonian octocorals are considered a prolific source of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity. In particular, the genus Briareum is known for producing a wealth of diterpenes with complex chemical structures. The chemical study of the methanolic extract of Briareum asbestinum collected in Bocas del Toro, on the Caribbean side of Panama, led to the isolation of three new eunicellin-type diterpenes: briarellin T (1), asbestinin 27 (2), asbestinin 28 (3) and the previously described asbestinin 17 (4). The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive NMR analyses and HRMS. Anti-inflammatory activity assays showed a significant reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8 as well as a downregulation of COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. These findings support the potential use of these marine compounds as therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory diseases

Análisis y simulación de la calidad de servicio (QoS) sobre redes inalámbricas con IPV6, para equipos de videoconferencia en la empresa METROTEK ECUADOR S.A.

El crecimiento que han tenido las redes inalámbricas por su bajo costo y movilidad, además de la aparición del protocolo de Internet versión 6, han permitido el desarrollo de aplicaciones avanzadas, para la transmisión de video, voz y datos simultáneamente, convirtiendo así a las redes tradicionales en redes multimediales. El manejo de nuevos tipos de tráfico requieren un tratamiento especial, por lo cual, los administradores de red se han visto en la necesidad de aplicar técnicas de Calidad de Servicio que permitan a los usuarios administrar adecuadamente estos servicios, esto se logra mediante la utilización de los métodos que se encuentran en el estándar 802.11e. Entre las más utilizadas en la actualidad por disminuir el tiempo y costo en las comunicaciones entre dos o más estaciones es la videoconferencia que es el objetivo principal de este proyecto. Por este motivo las empresas, han visto la necesidad de instalar este tipo sistemas dentro de sus redes en especial en ambientes inalámbricos, ya que los usuarios acceden a la información desde cualquier lugar mediante el uso de dispositivos móviles.The growth we have had wireless networks because of its low cost and mobility, as well as the emergence of the Internet Protocol version 6, have enabled the development of advanced applications for the transmission of video, voice and data simultaneously, thus making networks Traditional multimedia networks. Managing new traffic types require special treatment, thus, network administrators have seen the need to apply QoS techniques that allow users to properly administer these services, this is achieved by using methods found in the 802.11e standard. Among the most commonly used today to lessen the time and cost of communications between two or more stations is the video that is the main objective of this project. Therefore companies have seen the need to install such systems within their networks especially wireless environments because users access information from anywhere using mobile devices

Tofo gotoso en dorso nasal: reporte de caso

Gout is a purine metabolism disorder characterized by accumulation of uric acid due to increased production or decreased excretion. Over time, excess monosodium urate allows it to be accumulated in different body tissues, although the occurrence in the facial area is particularly infrequent. A 56-year-old male patient with a gout antecedent from 38 years ago that presented gouty tophi at the level of the upper and lower limbs seek medical advice due to an indurated slightly painful lesion at the level of the middle third of the nasal dorsum that started 4 years before and has been increasing in size. The lesion was causing nasal pyramid deformity and a slight sensation of bilateral nasal obstruction, for which surgical resolution is planned. The histopathological analysis of the samples sent under surgical exeresis confirms that the tissue sample corresponds to gouty tophi. Gouty tophi can appear in different tissues, such as cartilage, membranes and synovial fluid, joint surfaces, being exceptionally rare in the myocardium, mitral and aortic valves, eyes, nose and spinal cord. The place of presentation can be very variable, as well as its size.La gota es el trastorno del metabolismo de las purinas que se caracteriza por acumulación de ácido úrico por aumento de su producción o por disminución de su excreción. Con el paso del tiempo, el exceso de urato monosódico permite que se deposite en diferentes tejidos del organismo; siendo particularmente infrecuente la presentación de tofos a nivel facial. Paciente masculino adulto de 56 años, con antecedente de gota hace 38 años y presencia de tofos gotosos a nivel de miembros superiores e inferiores que acude por cuadro de 4 años de evolución de lesión indurada, levemente dolorosa a nivel de tercio medio de dorso nasal que ha ido aumentando de tamaño, que causa deformidad de pirámide nasal y leve sensación de obstrucción nasal bilateral por lo que se planifica resolución quirúrgica. El análisis histopatológico de las muestras enviadas bajo exéresis quirúrgica confirma que tejido enviado corresponde a tofo gotoso. Los tofos gotosos pueden aparecer en diferentes tejidos, como cartílagos, membranas y líquido sinovial, superficies articulares, siendo excepcionalmente raro, en el miocardio, válvulas mitral y aórtica, ojos, nariz y médula espinal. El lugar de presentación puede ser muy variable, al igual que su tamaño