Is there a tensionless Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class above one dimension? An Ising model approach

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is a paradigm of generic scale invariance, for which it represents a conspicuous universality class. Recently, the tensionless case of this equation has been shown to provide a different universality class by itself. This class describes the -- intrinsically anomalous -- scaling of one-dimensional (1D) fronts for several physical systems that feature ballistic dynamics. In this work, we show that the evolution of certain 1D fronts defined for a 2D Ising system also belongs to the tensionless KPZ universality class. Nevertheless, the Ising fronts exhibit multiscaling, at variance with the continuous equation. The discrete nature of these fronts provides an alternative approach to assess the dynamics for the 2D front case (for a 3D Ising system), since the direct integration of the tensionless KPZ equation blows up in this case. In spite of the agreement between the 1D scaling of the Ising fronts and the tensionless KPZ equation, the fluctuation statistics in 1D and the full behavior in 2D are strongly conditioned by boundary effects.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Terapia génica: desde los extractos y las píldoras a las pociones de ADN

La terapia génica es un tratamiento alternativo a los abordajes farmacológicos, quirúrgicos y de índole convencional que se está desarrollando tanto a nivel experimental como clínico. En esta revisión, más allá de mencionar los avances y presentar un panorama del tema en el área biomédica, se pretende ampliar el concepto de ADN, desde su función como reservorio fundamental de información para la síntesis de proteínas hasta sus acciones “como fármaco”. Se espera que el ADN encapsulado en vectores o directamente aplicado al tejido, cumpla la función que el gen defectuoso no puede realizar mediante su reemplazo, o impida que un gen desregulado permanezca activo, a través de mecanismos de interferencia. Estos objetivos no solo están dirigidos al tratamiento de pacientes de diferentes edades, sino también de individuos aún no natos, como lo evidencian numerosos abordajes experimentales de terapia génica intrauterina. Actualmente existen varios productos comerciales surgidos en el contexto de la terapia génica. Una vez que este tipo de tratamiento sortee aquellos aspectos que todavía constituyen importantes factores de riesgo, se establezcan acuerdos éticos y se equilibren los costos de las intervenciones, constituirá una alternativa a los métodos convencionales para tratar ciertas enfermedades. El ADN (y el ARN) se presentan como los futuros fármacos en acción de las próximas décadas.Abstract Gene therapy is a treatment that offers an alternative to pharmacological, surgical and conventional approaches that is being developed at an experimental and clinical level. In this review, apart from mentioning advances and presenting an overview of the subject in the biomedical field, our intention is to extend the concept of DNA. DNA is the store of information for protein synthesis and today it is also “a drug”. It is expected for the DNA embedded in vectors or directly applied to tissue to perform the function that the defective gene cannot perform by means of its replacement, or to prevent that gene from remaining active through mechanisms of interference. This is not only aimed at the treatment of patients of different ages but also unborn children, as it has been proved by several experimental approaches of intrauterine gene therapy. Currently there are several commercially available products that have emerged from the context of gene therapy. Once those aspects that still represent important risk factors are overcome, ethical agreements are reached and the costs of the interventions are leveled out, this type of treatment will constitute an alternative to conventional methods to treat certain diseases. DNA (and RNA) are proposed as the future drugs for the following decades.Fil: Santalla, Manuela. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales; ArgentinaFil: Fesser, E.. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales; ArgentinaFil: Asad, Antonela Sofía. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, D.. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales; ArgentinaFil: Harnichar, E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio Eugenio Cingolani"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ferrero, Paola Viviana. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Pion gas viscosity at low temperature and density

By using Chiral Perturbation Theory and the Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation we compute the viscosity of a pion gas, in the low temperature and low density regime, in terms of the temperature, and the pion fugacity. The viscosity turns out to be proportional to the squared root of the temperature over the pion mass. Next to leading corrections are proportional to the temperature over the pion mass to the 3/2.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures. RevTeX

Composición de semillas de girasol cultivadas en Argentina

Constituents seed oil content, physic structure, oil seed quality and wax content are evaluated. The relations of these characters and its agroclimatic interactions facilitate the introduction of this cultivar into food and/or industrial market improving its utility and profit. Correlations coefficients on the analyzed characters are presented. Causality hypothesis on the newer tendency behaviour of this cultivar are planned. The hull content influence on oil content and like principal wax container is detached.Se evaluaron contenidos de aceite de los constituyentes de la semilla, estructura física, calidad del aceite de semilla y contenido de ceras. El conocimiento del comportamiento de estos caracteres, las relaciones entre ellos y su interacción con el medio agroclimático, facilita la introducción de este cultivo en el mercado alimenticio y/o industrial optimizando su rendimiento y aprovechamiento. Se presentan los valores de las correlaciones obtenidas entre los caracteres analizados. Se plantean hipótesis de causalidad sobre las nuevas tendencias de comportamiento de este cultivo. Se destaca la influencia del contenido de cascara tanto sobre el rendimiento del contenido de aceite como sobre la cantidad de ceras de la semilla, de las cuales se considera principal portadora

Jump capacity in cerebral palsy soccer players

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron determinar en jugadores de fútbol con parálisis cerebral la altura de vuelo durante la realización del salto sin contramovimiento y con contramovimiento, y observar la relación de las variables antropométricas y de la clase funcional con la altura de vuelo y con el índice elástico. Trece jugadores de fútbol 7 diagnosticados con parálisis cerebral participaron en el estudio. La altura de vuelo durante el salto sin contramovimiento (20.45±4.45 cm) y con contramovimiento (24.33±5.37 cm) fue inferior a la obtenida en otros estudios con jugadores de fútbol sin parálisis cerebral. La altura de los jugadores e índice de masa corporal mostraron una correlación significativa con la altura del salto con contramovimiento (r=0,67 y r=-0,71, respectivamente).The aims of the present study were to determine in elite soccer players with cerebral palsy the jump height during a squat jump and during a countermovement jump, and to observe the relationship of the anthropometric parameters and the functional class with the jump height and the elastic index. Thirteen “soccer 7” players diagnosed with cerebral palsy took part in the study. The jump height for a squat jump (20.45±4.45 cm) and a countermovement jump (24.33±5.37 cm) was lower than the obtained in other studies in soccer players without cerebral palsy. The height of the players and their body mass index showed a significant correlation with the jump height during a countermovement jump (r=0.67 and r=- 0.71)

Estudio proteico de híbridos de girasol cultivados en Argentina

Protein content of residual meals of two sunflower cultivar during two harvest are evaluated. The relation between this component and the oil content of hull, achene and seed are showed. Negative tendency of correlation are observed between hull oil content and hull protein content, on achene oil content and achene protein content and on seed oil content and seed protein content along the harvest studied. Although the protein content for second harvest studied was lower, the apparent competitive behaviour between oil-protein was ratified.Se analizaron los contenidos proteicos de las harinas seminales residuales de extracción, correspondientes a cultivos de girasol (durante dos cosechas), con el fin de estudiar el comportamiento de esta variable en relación con los contenidos de aceite de los constituyentes de la semilla. Se realizaron correlaciones entre los contenidos proteicos de la cáscara, la pipa y la semilla, y la cantidad de aceite que éstos aportan, obteniendo tendencias de correlación negativas entre los mismos. A pesar que los contenidos proteicos obtenidos para la segunda cosecha fueron menores respecto de la primera, el comportamiento aparentemente competitivo entre aceite-proteína se ratificó con similar relevancia

Aging and CaMKII alter intracellular Ca2+ transients and heart rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster

Aging is associated to disrupted contractility and rhythmicity, among other cardiovascular alterations. Drosophila melanogaster shows a pattern of aging similar to human beings and recapitulates the arrhythmogenic conditions found in the human heart. Moreover, the kinase CaMKII has been characterized as an important regulator of heart function and an arrhythmogenic molecule that participate in Ca2+ handling. Using a genetically engineered expressed Ca2+ indicator, we report changes in cardiac Ca 2+ handling at two different ages. Aging prolonged relaxation, reduced spontaneous heart rate (HR) and increased the occurrence of arrhythmias, ectopic beats and asystoles. Alignment between Drosophila melanogaster and human CaMKII showed a high degree of conservation and indicates that relevant phosphorylation sites in humans are also present in the fruit fly. Inhibition of CaMKII by KN-93 (CaMKII-specific inhibitor), reduced HR without significant changes in other parameters. By contrast, overexpression of CaMKII increased HR and reduced arrhythmias. Moreover, it increased fluorescence amplitude, maximal rate of rise of fluorescence and reduced time to peak fluorescence. These results suggest that CaMKII in Drosophila melanogaster acts directly on heart function and that increasing CaMKII expression levels could be beneficial to improve contractility.Centro de Investigaciones CardiovascularesCentro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicada

Ergotropy and entanglement in critical spin chains

A subsystem of an entangled ground state is in a mixed state. Thus, if we isolate this subsystem from its surroundings we may be able to extract work applying unitary transformations, up to a maximal amount which is called ergotropy. Once this work has been extracted, the subsystem will still contain some bound energy above its local ground state, which can provide valuable information about the entanglement structure. We show that the bound energy for half a free fermionic chain decays as the square of the entanglement entropy divided by the chain length, thus approaching zero for large system sizes, and we conjecture that this relation holds for all 1D critical states

Influence of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Ventilatory Efficiency and Cycling Performance in Normoxia and Hypoxia

The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on ventilatory efficiency, in normoxia and hypoxia, and to investigate the relationship between ventilatory efficiency and cycling performance. Sixteen sport students (23.05 +/- 4.7 years; 175.11 +/- 7.1 cm; 67.0 +/- 19.4 kg; 46.4 +/- 8.7 ml·kg-1·min-1) were randomly assigned to an inspiratory muscle training group (IMTG) and a control group (CG). The IMTG performed two training sessions/day [30 inspiratory breaths, 50% peak inspiratory pressure (Pimax), 5 days/week, 6-weeks]. Before and after the training period subjects carried out an incremental exercise test to exhaustion with gas analysis, lung function testing, and a cycling time trial test in hypoxia and normoxia. Simulated hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.45%), significantly altered the ventilatory efficiency response in all subjects (p < 0.05). Pimax increased significantly in the IMTG whereas no changes occurred in the CG (time group, p < 0.05). Within group analyses showed that the IMTG improved ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope; EqCO2VT2) in hypoxia (p < 0.05) and cycling time trial performance [WTTmax (W); WTTmean (W); PTF(W)] (p < 0.05) in hypoxia and normoxia. Significant correlations were not found in hypoxia nor normoxia found between ventilatory efficiency parameters (VE/VCO2 slope; LEqCO2; EqCO2VT2) and time trial performance. On the contrary the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) was highly correlated with cycling time trial performance (r = 0.89; r = 0.82; p < 0.001) under both conditions. Even though no interaction effect was found, the within group analysis may suggest that IMT reduces the negative effects of hypoxia on ventilatory efficiency. In addition, the data suggest that OUES plays an important role in submaximal cycling performance.(VLID)3080991Version of recor