Unified min-max and interlacing theorems for linear operators

There exist striking analogies in the behaviour of eigenvalues of Hermitian compact operators, singular values of compact operators and invariant factors of homomorphisms of modules over principal ideal domains, namely diagonalization theorems, interlacing inequalities and Courant-Fischer type formulae. Carlson and Sa [D. Carlson and E.M. Sa, Generalized minimax and interlacing inequalities, Linear Multilinear Algebra 15 (1984) pp. 77-103.] introduced an abstract structure, the s-space, where they proved unified versions of these theorems in the finite-dimensional case. We show that this unification can be done using modular lattices with Goldie dimension, which have a natural structure of s-space in the finite-dimensional case, and extend the unification to the countable-dimensional case

Disruption of the sea bass skin-scale barrier by antidepressant fluoxetine and estradiol: in vivo and in vitro evidence

Trabajo presentado en la Joint 30th Conference of the European Society for Comparative Endocrinology and of the 9th International Society for Fish Endocrinology, celebrada en Faro (Portugal) del 04 al 08 de septiembre de 2022.Fluoxetine (FLX) is a highly prescribed selective inhibitor of serotonin-reuptake and an emerging pollutant affecting fish behaviour, stress and reproduction, but little is known about possible actions and mechanisms in barrier tissues. We combined in vivo and in vitro approaches to demonstrate multi-level impacts of FLX on the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) skin-scale barrier and on the estrogenic system. Juvenile sea bass intraperitoneally injected with FLX had significantly increased levels of FLX and its metabolite nor-FLX. In contrast to the natural estrogen E2, FLX did not increase plasma calcium, phosphorus (P) or vitellogenin, although a slight decrease in scale P content was detected. Quantitative SWATH-MS proteomics of the scales identified 134 proteins that were affected by FLX. Modified proteins were mainly related to extracellular matrix and protein turnover and energy production, 31 of which were also affected by E2. Multiple estrogen receptors and genes related to serotonin activity, transport and degradation were expressed in sea bass scales and transcript abundance of some of them was modulated by E2 and/or FLX. Using a minimally invasive in vitro bioassay with cultured sea bass scales and adhering epithelia we showed direct effects of FLX exposure on enzymatic activity associated with mineral mobilization, while the expression of estrogen receptors was not significantly affected. In in vitro receptor-reporter assays, FLX alone did not activate any of the three sea bass nuclear estrogen receptors but had antiestrogenic effects on Esr1/2b when in co-treatment with E2, and directly activated both plasma membrane Gprotein-coupled estrogen receptors. The combination of in vitro and in vivo assays substantiated the notion that FLX disrupted scale physiology through several different processes, with probable consequences for fish health, and revealed that some of the mechanisms of disruption can result from direct interaction with multiple estrogen .Projects UIDB/04326/2020, PTDC/AAG-GLO/4003/2012 and DL57/2016/CP1361/CT0015 from FCT (Pt); EU Interreg FR-UK project RedPol; grant AGL2015-67477-C2-1- R (Sp)

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat