Adenomesenteritis following sars-cov-2 vaccination in children. a case report and review of the literature

At present, the vaccine authorized in children aged 5 years and older is the BNT162b2 messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine. Unlike adults, there is limited data available in the pediatric age describing adverse events after vaccine. We report a case of adenomesenteritis in a young girl following the first dose of vaccine

Cross-sectional survey on BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine serious adverse events in children 5 to 11 years of age. A monocentric experience

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the safety of COVID-19 vaccine in children resident in the Latina Local Health Authority. Methods: We conducted a telephone survey among children aged 5–11 years receiving BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between December 15 and 21. The main outcomes included the presence of allergic reactions or anaphylaxis, adverse events after 24–48 h, 7 and 20 days of taking the first and second doses of medications, and documented SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination. The information obtained was automatically linked to a spreadsheet and analyzed. Results: 569 children were enrolled. The mean age was 114 ± 4.24 months; there were 251 males in the study. The vaccine showed a favorable safety profile; no anaphylaxis or serious adverse events were reported. The most common symptoms both after the first and second dose were injection site reactions, asthenia, and headache. Injection site reactions were more frequent after the first dose (p = 0.01), while systemic symptoms were more frequent after the second dose (p = 0.022). These symptoms were more frequent in patients with comorbidities (p = 0.0159). Conclusion: Our findings confirm the safety of COVID-19 vaccine in children younger 11 years and could be useful to promote its diffusion in pediatric ages in order to achieve “herd immunity” and prevent the virus’s circulation

The comprehensive clinic, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of children with COVID-19: a 6-months prospective study

Objectives: To perform a comprehensive clinic, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of children affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods: Children with a positive result of nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underwent laboratory tests, anal and conjunctival swab, electrocardiography, lung, abdomen, and cardiac ultrasound. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed if abnormal basal blood pressure. Patients were followed-up for 6 months. Results: Three hundred and sixteen children were evaluated; 15 were finally included. Confirmed family member SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in all. Twenty-seven percent were asymptomatic. Anal and conjunctival swabs tests resulted negative in all. Patients with lower body mass index (BMI) presented significantly higher viral loads. Main laboratory abnormalities were: lactate dehydrogenase increasing (73%), low vitamin D levels (87%), hematuria (33%), proteinuria (26%), renal hyperfiltration (33%), and hypofiltration (13%). Two of the patients with hyperfiltration exhibited high blood pressure levels at diagnosis, and persistence of prehypertension at 6-month follow-up. No abnormalities were seen at ultrasound, excepting for one patient who exhibited B-lines at lung sonography. Immunoglobulin G seroconversion was observed in all at 1-month. Conclusions: Our study confirm that intra-family transmission is important. The significant higher viral loads recorded among patients with lower BMI, together with low vitamin D levels, support the impact of nutritional status on immune system. Renal involvement is frequent even among children with mild COVID-19, therefore prompt evaluation and identification of patients with reduced renal function reserve would allow a better stratification and management of patients. Seroconversion occurs also in asymptomatic children, with no differences in antibodies titer according to age, sex and clinical manifestations

For an interactive reading of the territory and the city spaces, relationships, urban morphology, cultural patterns and forms of economic and political power

In  this paper we emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to support the urban and territorial research;  it can contribute to the knowledge of the area and city with the aim of direct transformations and future development. Therefore, we need to acquire sophisticated tools and talk simpler language and insightful in order to respond to the social demand for local knowledge. We have to study a new paradigm to understand social phenomena; the old perspectives of urban sociology, but also planning and analysis of territorial systems, is today replaced by an integrated view in which we do not evaluate and not only analyze the more specific objects of the individual disciplines but a number of variables and components in synergy. Per una lettura interattiva del territorio e della città: spazi, relazioni, morfologia urbana, modelli culturali e forme di potere economico e politicoIn questo lavoro si sottolinea la necessità di un approccio multidisciplinare integrato in grado di supportare la ricerca in campo urbano e territoriale e che possa concorrere alla conoscenza del territorio e della città per orientarne trasformazioni e sviluppo  futuro. Si palesa attraverso le molteplici riflessioni la necessità di dover acquisire strumenti sofisticati e parlare, sia pure ciascuno per le proprie competenze, linguaggi più semplici e penetranti al fine di poter rispondere alla domanda sociale di conoscenza del territorio. La verifica quindi di un nuovo paradigma conoscitivo ed interpretativo dei fenomeni sociali si pone con forza, dacché alle vecchie prospettive della sociologia urbana, ma anche dell'urbanistica e dell'analisi dei sistemi territoriali, si va oggi sostituendo una visione integrata, nella quale non si valutano e non si analizzano più soltanto gli oggetti più specifici delle singole discipline ma una serie di variabili e componenti in sinergia.Parole Chiave: Città; territorio; rappresentazione e modelli; relazioni sociali; pratiche e usi del suol

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Study on the master’s degree in sciences of sports evaluation and sport for disabled at the University of Salerno

The training of master students in the sports sector and in adapted physical activity is in evolution for the changing requests of the sports market. An analysis of the state of the art is useful with in-depth analysis of specific cases. The University of Salerno, Italy, has a course of study that has the training objectives on assessment and sports for the disabled. The study aims to analyse, over the last four years, from 2015 to 2019, the variations of the study plans related to the teachings and their coherence with the objectives through the documentary archive research. The Annual Unique Cards of the master’s degree program were consulted and also the data developed by the AlmaLaurea University Consortium on graduating students and on the employment outcomes of graduates after one, three and five years from the conclusion of the studies. Preliminary results show a lack of consistency of study’ plans with the training objectives and a limited presence of university in the employment dynamics, these last are limited too. The variation of the study plans was not caused by adaptations of market demands and it seems to be no relationship between university and world of work. This survey aims to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the training system and wants to respond more adequately to the need of skills in the master's degree program and to the need of professionalism to include the graduates in the world of work

Physical and neurological development of a girl born to a mother with methylmalonic acidemia and kidney transplantation and review of the literature

Background: actual literature suggests that children of methylmalonic acidemia patients are mostly healthy, but data are only partial, especially regarding long-term outcome. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the possible long-term neurological effects of fetal exposure to high levels of methylmalonic acid in a child of a renal transplant recipient. Methods: we retrospectively evaluated the clinical and neurological records of a girl whose mother is a kidney transplant recipient affected by methylmalonic acidemia. Subsequently, we compared our results with the ones already published. Results: the girl’s weight and stature were within the normal range in the first years of life but, starting from 4 years of age, she became progressively overweight. Regarding the neurodevelopment aspects, for the first time we performed a complete and seriated neuropsychological evaluation, highlighting a mild but significant weakness in the verbal domain, with a worsening trend at three-year revaluation. Conclusions: since children of MMA patients are exposed to methylmalonic acid, the efforts of the physicians caring for these children should be directed on careful evaluation of growth, prevention of obesity and regular neurological examination together with structured neuropsychological tests to achieve a better insight in possible complications of pregnancy in patients suffering from this condition

Assessment of cardio-respiratory function in overweight and obese children wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To evaluate whether the use of a surgical and N95 mask for overweight and obese children was associated with respiratory distress. Methods: We enrolled 15 healthy and 14 overweight or obese children. We performed two sessions: one wearing a surgical, the other an N95 mask. We tracked changes in partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), oxygen saturation (SaO2), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR) during a 72 min test: 30 min without a mask, 30 min wearing a mask, and then during a 12 min walking test. Results: In healthy children, there was no significant change in SaO2 and PETCO2 during the study; there was a significant increase in PR and RR after the walking test with both the masks. In overweight or obese children, there was no significant change in SaO2 during the study period; there was a significant increase in PETCO2 as fast as wearing the mask and an increase in PETCO2, PR, and RR after walking test. After the walking test, we showed a significant correlation between PETCO2 and body mass index. Conclusion: Overweight or Obese children who wear a mask are more prone to developing respiratory distress, which causes them to remove it frequently. In a crowded environment, they are at greater risk of infection. For this reason, it is desirable that they attend environments where everyone uses a mask