ジュギョウ ホウホウ ニ カンスル チュウカン アンケート ノ コウカ ブンセキ : ジュギョウ ヒョウカ ノ アラタナ ココロミ ト カダイ

近年、全国の大学で授業評価アンケート調査が盛んに行われている。しかし、調査の結果は十分に活用されているとは言い難い。本稿では、徳島大学全学共通教育の「授業方法に関する中間アンケート調査」を取り上げ、その現状について分析、考察を行った。2節では、中間アンケートの概要を示し、3節でこれまでの調査結果を振り返った。アンケートが組織的な取り組みとして着実に実施されていること、分野ごとに評価の傾向が異なることが確認された。4節では中間アンケートが実際に授業改善につながったのかを、学生による評価から検討した。その結果、学生も中間アンケートの効果を測りかねている現状が明らかになった。一方で、基礎科目では授業評価が改善につながっている可能性が示された。5節では、結果をさらに詳しく分析し、そのうえで授業改善の方向性についていくつかの課題を示した。These days, student evaluation surveys are conducted at universities throughout the country. However, the results of the surveys seems not have been adequately utilized. In this paper, we examine “The Midterm Survey of Students’ Evaluation for General Education” of the University of Tokushima. In section 2, we give an outline of this survey. In section 3, we examine the results of the past three times of surveys, which show that this survey has been carried out steadily. The features of each field addressed in the evaluation are clarified. In section 4, we examine that the midterm survey has effect on the improvement of the quality of classes. In section 5, we analyze the results in detail and give some problem about the class ê evaluation system

Neural responses to syllable-induced P1m and social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing Peers

In previous magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to respond differently to speech stimuli than typically developing (TD) children. Quantitative evaluation of this difference in responsiveness may support early diagnosis and intervention for ASD. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between syllable-induced P1m and social impairment in children with ASD and TD children. We analyzed 49 children with ASD aged 40–92 months and age-matched 26 TD children. We evaluated their social impairment by means of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and their intelligence ability using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). Multiple regression analysis with SRS score as the dependent variable and syllable-induced P1m latency or intensity and intelligence ability as explanatory variables revealed that SRS score was associated with syllable-induced P1m latency in the left hemisphere only in the TD group and not in the ASD group. A second finding was that increased leftward-lateralization of intensity was correlated with higher SRS scores only in the ASD group. These results provide valuable insights but also highlight the intricate nature of neural mechanisms and their relationship with autistic traits

A functional genomics tool for the Pacific bluefin tuna: Development of a 44K oligonucleotide microarray from whole-genome sequencing data for global transcriptome analysis

AbstractBluefin tunas are one of the most important fishery resources worldwide. Because of high market values, bluefin tuna farming has been rapidly growing during recent years. At present, the most common form of the tuna farming is based on the stocking of wild-caught fish. Therefore, concerns have been raised about the negative impact of the tuna farming on wild stocks. Recently, the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, has succeeded in completing the reproduction cycle under aquaculture conditions, but production bottlenecks remain to be solved because of very little biological information on bluefin tunas. Functional genomics approaches promise to rapidly increase our knowledge on biological processes in the bluefin tuna. Here, we describe the development of the first 44K PBT oligonucleotide microarray (oligo-array), based on whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing and large-scale expressed sequence tags (ESTs) data. In addition, we also introduce an initial 44K PBT oligo-array experiment using in vitro grown peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) stimulated with immunostimulants such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS: a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C: a synthetic mimic of viral infection). This pilot 44K PBT oligo-array analysis successfully addressed distinct immune processes between LPS- and poly I:C- stimulated PBLs. Thus, we expect that this oligo-array will provide an excellent opportunity to analyze global gene expression profiles for a better understanding of diseases and stress, as well as for reproduction, development and influence of nutrition on tuna aquaculture production

腹腔鏡検査にて確定診断に至った結核性腹膜炎の一例

　症例は63歳女性．元医療従事者であった．１ヵ月続く腹痛と38度の発熱で近医を受診し，腹水貯留を認め，腹水検査でヒアルロン酸とCA125が高値であったことから癌性腹膜炎を疑われ当院内科に紹介された．画像検査より癌性腹膜炎を疑われたが，原発は同定できなかった．細胞診はclassII であったが，卵巣癌，腹膜癌，悪性中脾腫を疑われたことから，腹腔鏡検査目的に当科紹介となった．腹腔鏡検査で黄白色粒状の病変を認め，病理組織検査にて類上皮細胞性肉芽腫を認め，結核等の感染症が疑われた．病歴聴取にて３年前の職務中に結核排菌患者に濃厚接触歴あり，腹腔鏡再検査にて，塗抹，培養，PCR 陰性であったが，腹水中ADA 高値より結核と診断し結核専門病院に転院した．抗結核薬開始され速やかに症状は軽快した．結核性腹膜炎は非常に稀な疾患であるが，腹腔鏡検査で診断に至った症例を経験した．原因不明腹水を認めた場合，癌性腹膜炎のみならず感染性腹膜炎の可能性も念頭に置き早期から同時に精査する必要がある．　A 63-year-old woman, who was a former healthcare professional, visited a nearby clinic for headache and a fever of 38℃ that had lasted for a month. Ascites was observed, and ascitic fluid examination showed high hyaluronan and CA125 levels, suggesting cancerous peritonitis. She was referred to the internal medicine department at our institution. Although the primary site was not identified, imaging findings suggested cancerous peritonitis. Cytology showed class II features, with the possibility of ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer, or malignant mesothelioma. She was referred to our department for laparoscopic examination, which showed epithelioid cell granulomas, suggesting an infectious disease, which could include tuberculosis. History taking revealed close contact with a tuberculosis-shedding patient at work 3 year ago. Although the smear, culture, and polymerase chain reaction tests were negative, on laparoscopic reexamination, tuberculosis was diagnosed because of elevated adenosine deaminase in the ascitic fluid. She was transferred to a tuberculosis specialty hospital;antituberculosis therapy was started, and the symptoms quickly resolved. We experienced a very rare case of tuberculous peritonitis, diagnosed laparoscopically. Ascites from an unknown cause requires close examination for not only cancerous peritonitis but also infectious peritonitis

Plant viruses and viroids in Japan

An increasing number of plant viruses and viroids have been reported from all over the world due largely to metavirogenomics approaches with technological innovation. Herein, the official changes of virus taxonomy, including the establishment of megataxonomy and amendments of the codes of virus classification and nomenclature, recently made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses were summarized. The continued efforts of the plant virology community of Japan to index all plant viruses and viroids occurring in Japan, which represent 407 viruses, including 303 virus species and 104 unclassified viruses, and 25 viroids, including 20 species and 5 unclassified viroids, as of October 2021, were also introduced. These viruses and viroids are collectively classified into 81 genera within 26 families of 3 kingdoms (Shotokuvirae, Orthornavirae, Pararnavirae) across 2 realms (Monodnaviria and Riboviria). This review also overviewed how Japan’s plant virus/viroid studies have contributed to advance virus/viroid taxonomy

An Endoscopic Case Report of Jejunal Leiomyosarcoma and Review of the Japanese Literature

Jejunoscopy for a small intestinal leiomyosarcoma was performed on a 73-year-old male. The patient was admitted because of a palpable abdominal mass. A barium meal study, abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and angiography suggested a leiomyogenic tumor with a central cavity arising from the jejunal loop extraluminally. Enteroscopy with a pediatric colonofiberscope (PCF) enabled us to observe a mucosal ulcer and a part of the cavity of the tumor. Histology of the resected tumor revealed it to be a leiomyosarcoma with a large central hollow connected to the mucosal ulcer. The authors discussed the endoscopic findings of 17 previously reported Japanese cases of jejunal leiomyosarcoma and the present case

Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome.

The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection