Implementasi Zigbee Transceiver Untuk Akuisisi Data Sensor Inersia Pada Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)

Laju pertambahan  jumlah penduduk yang membutuhkan layanan kesehatan di Indonesia tidak berbanding lurus dengan penambahan jumlah fasilitas kesehatan yang ada. Salah satu solusi alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan mengembangkan teknologi  Wireless Body Area Network  (WBAN)  sebagai alat bantu layanan  kesehatan.  WBAN  adalah suatu sistem terpadu yang  terdiri atas sekelompok modul sensor yang terdistribusi dan terhubung secara nirkabel pada suatu topologi jaringan  tertentu dan berfungsi untuk mengekstrak dan berbagi informasi untuk diolah sesuai bidang aplikasinya.  Salah satu aplikasi WBAN adalah untuk  analisis gait atau metode untuk mempelajari pola berjalan manusia.  Untuk melakukan proses  analisis gait secara optimal dibutuhkan instrumen sensor  inersia  yang terpasang pada tubuh pasien yang merekam data gait dari pasien. Data dari pasien lalu dikirimkan melalui protokol komunikasi nirkabel ZigBee ke  network  coordinator  yang  berfungsi sebagai pengumpul data.  Jaringan  memiliki  topologi dalam bentuk  star dengan data rate  dari sensor  sebesar  50 Hz.  Data dari  network coordinator  kemudian dibaca pada  PC yang  telah dilengkapi perangkat lunak pengolah data untuk diolah  lebih lanjut.  Sistem diuji pada ruangan koridor sejauh 4 meter dengan nilai RSSI atau kuat sinyal bernilai paling kecil sebesar -64 dBm. Dalam hal konsumsi daya, sensor node dapat digunakan secara berkelanjutan dalam jangka waktu 2 jam 25 meni

The blue sky of GJ3470b: the atmosphere of a low-mass planet unveiled by ground-based photometry

GJ3470b is a rare example of a "hot Uranus" transiting exoplanet orbiting a nearby M1.5 dwarf. It is of crucial interest for atmospheric studies because it is one of the most inflated low-mass planets known, bridging the boundary between "super-Earths" and Neptunian planets. We present two new ground-based light curves of GJ3470b gathered by the LBC camera at the Large Binocular Telescope. Simultaneous photometry in the ultraviolet (lambda_c = 357.5 nm) and optical infrared (lambda_c = 963.5 nm) allowed us to detect a significant change of the effective radius of GJ3470b as a function of wavelength. This can be interpreted as a signature of scattering processes occurring in the planetary atmosphere, which should be cloud-free and with a low mean molecular weight. The unprecedented accuracy of our measurements demonstrates that the photometric detection of Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs is achievable using 8-10m size ground-based telescopes. We provide updated planetary parameters, and a greatly improved orbital ephemeris for any forthcoming study of this planet.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in A&

Comparative Review of the Magnitude of Transaction Costs in Construction Procurement Projects between Developed and Developing Countries

Contracting business in public sector within various counties has a transaction cost to incur. This paper reviews transaction costs magnitude of developed and developing countries using standard sampling and procedure by analyzing data from four (4) developed countries; United States of America, United Kingdom, Newzealand, and Czech Republic and two (2) developing countries in Africa; Ghana and Nigeria. According to thefindings Newzealand have the highest TCs magnitude among all countries compared of about 16.5% averagely and with Czech Republic with 0.13% minimum that are incurred by stakeholders when bidding public sector construction projects. This is an important comparison and strengthens the assumption that there is a significant link between transaction costs incurred in bidding and public sector procurement, and that reducing such costs must be important for the contracting firms of various countries. Keywords: Construction, Comparison, Magnitude, Procurement, Transaction Cost

Comparative Analysis of received GSM Signal Strength Network in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

GSM Network in Nigeria in recent times has been epileptic due to drop in signal strength, which causes customer dissatisfaction with the quality of service delivery by network operators. University of Maiduguri has experience low signal quality in recent years due to frequent dropped calls, poor network interconnectivity, echoes and network congestion, therefore this work presents a detail analysis of the received GSM signal strength in university of Maiduguri. An android application program known as network cell info Lite was used for the measurement of signal strength for three different network in the university at random sampling points. The three network considered are: Network A, Network B and Network C, in three different locations; Academic area, student hostel and staff quarters within the university. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS Statistical tool. The mean value of the signal strength received using the software application shows that Network A with HSPA -91.91dB and GPRS -73.59Db is the best network in the academic area, Network B with HSPA -87.27dB and GPRS -73.43dB has the best network quality in the staff quarters and Network C with HSPA -88.73dB and GPRS -69.85dB is the best network in the student hostel, results above shows that the quality of signal strength depends on location within the university

Enhancement of Selective Mapping Technique for Peak-To-Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM using Normalized Hilbert Matrix

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is good multicarrier transmission system used for broadband wireless communication systems owing to it is numerous benefits such as high bandwidth efficiency, high transmission rate, and robustness against multi path problem. However, one of the hitches of OFDM high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal, which results in signal distortion and reduced power amplifier efficiency. Selective Mapping (SLM) is attractive distortion less method for PAPR reduction. The performance of this technique in reducing the PAPR is largely affected by the magnitude of phase rotation vectors. It also requires to  transmit the selected phase rotation vectors that produce the signal with the lowest PAPR to the receiver end for the recovery of the original data. In this paper, two normalization procedures in conjunction with the Hilbert matrix are used to obtain phase rotation vectors for the SLM technique to further reduce the PAPR value. The reduction of PAPR is desirable in order to have a better power efficiency of the amplifier. The simulation results demonstrated that the enhanced SLM technique using normalized Hilbert matrix achieved a better PAPR reduction compared to SLM using Hilbert matrix without normalization with 14.0%, and 14.0%  percentage improvement. Another benefit of this method is that the matrix can be generated at the receiver end to obtain the data signal, thus eliminating the transmission of side information with the original data

Variable stars and stellar populations in Andromeda XXI: II. Another merged galaxy satellite of M31?

B and V time-series photometry of the M31 dwarf spheroidal satellite Andromeda XXI (And XXI) was obtained with the Large Binocular Cameras at the Large Binocular Telescope. We have identified 50 variables in And XXI, of which 41 are RR Lyrae stars (37 fundamental-mode RRab, and 4 first-overtone RRc, pulsators) and 9 are Anomalous Cepheids (ACs). The average period of the RRab stars ( = 0.64 days) and the period-amplitude diagram place And~XXI in the class of Oosterhoff II - Oosterhoff-Intermediate objects. From the average luminosity of the RR Lyrae stars we derived the galaxy distance modulus of (m-M)$_0$=$24.40\pm0.17$ mag, which is smaller than previous literature estimates, although still consistent with them within 1 $\sigma$. The galaxy color-magnitude diagram shows evidence for the presence of three different stellar generations in And~XXI: 1) an old ($\sim$ 12 Gyr) and metal poor ([Fe/H]=$-$1.7 dex) component traced by the RR Lyrae stars; 2) a slightly younger (10-6 Gyr) and more metal rich ([Fe/H]=$-$1.5 dex) component populating the red horizontal branch, and 3) a young age ($\sim$ 1 Gyr) component with same metallicity, that produced the ACs. Finally, we provide hints that And~XXI could be the result of a minor merging event between two dwarf galaxies.Comment: accepted for publications in Ap

Scaling relations of cluster elliptical galaxies at z~1.3. Distinguishing luminosity and structural evolution

[Abridged] We studied the size-surface brightness and the size-mass relations of a sample of 16 cluster elliptical galaxies in the mass range 10^{10}-2x10^{11} M_sun which were morphologically selected in the cluster RDCS J0848+4453 at z=1.27. Our aim is to assess whether they have completed their mass growth at their redshift or significant mass and/or size growth can or must take place until z=0 in order to understand whether elliptical galaxies of clusters follow the observed size evolution of passive galaxies. To compare our data with the local universe we considered the Kormendy relation derived from the early-type galaxies of a local Coma Cluster reference sample and the WINGS survey sample. The comparison with the local Kormendy relation shows that the luminosity evolution due to the aging of the stellar content already assembled at z=1.27 brings them on the local relation. Moreover, this stellar content places them on the size-mass relation of the local cluster ellipticals. These results imply that for a given mass, the stellar mass at z~1.3 is distributed within these ellipticals according to the same stellar mass profile of local ellipticals. We find that a pure size evolution, even mild, is ruled out for our galaxies since it would lead them away from both the Kormendy and the size-mass relation. If an evolution of the effective radius takes place, this must be compensated by an increase in the luminosity, hence of the stellar mass of the galaxies, to keep them on the local relations. We show that to follow the Kormendy relation, the stellar mass must increase as the effective radius. However, this mass growth is not sufficient to keep the galaxies on the size-mass relation for the same variation in effective radius. Thus, if we want to preserve the Kormendy relation, we fail to satisfy the size-mass relation and vice versa.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, updated to match final journal versio

Analisis Efektivitas Distribusi Beras Miskin (Raskin) di Kota Medan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis apakah rumah tangga sasaran penerima manfaat Raskin di Kota Medan merupakan rumah tangga miskin, untuk menganalisis mekanisme penentuan rumah tangga miskin yang akan menjadi penerima manfaat Raskin di Kota Medan, untuk menganalisis sistem pendistribusian Raskin di Kota Medan dan untuk menganalisis keefektifan distribusi Raskin berdasarkan indikator enam tepat di Kota Medan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis efektivitas program Raskin sesuai ketetapan Pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa rumah tangga sasaran penerima manfaat Raskin di Kota Medan adalah rumah tangga miskin. Rumah tangga sasaran penerima manfaat Raskin di Kota Medan ditentukan oleh Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan berdasarkan data Program Perlindungan Sosial Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2011. Sistem pendistribusian Raskin di Kota Medan adalah dimulai dari Walikota Medan menerbitkan Surat Permintaan Alokasi kepada Perum Bulog, Perum Bulog menerbitkan Surat Perintah Penyerahan Barang kecamatan dan kelurahan, Perum Bulog menyalurkan beras ke titik distribusi yaitu kantor kelurahan di masing-masing Kecamatan di kota Medan dan beras dibagikan ke penerima Raskin. Dalam pencapaian indikator keefektifan pendistribusian beras Raskin di Kota Medan dari sisi tepat sasaran, jumlah, harga, waktu, administrasi, dan kualitas belum sepenuhnya efektif

Perpustakaan Daerah Kabupaten Malang Dengan Pendekatan Pencahayaan Alami

Kota Malang yang dikenal sebagai kota pendidikan, membuat pembangunan dan pengembangan fasilitas pendidikan di Kota Malang menjadi keharusan. Salah satu fasilitas pendidikan yang akan dikembangkan di Kota Malang adalah perpustakaan. Perpustakaan adalah fasilitas dengan kebutuhan utama pada aspek pencahayaan. Kebutuhan pencahayaan pada perpustakaan sebaiknya tidak silau, tidak merusak koleksi dan memiliki kuat cahaya yang sesuai kebutuhan. Kini banyak perpustakaan yang menerapkan pencahayaan buatan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pencahayaan tersebut, yang berdampak pada konsumsi energi bangunan yang semakin besar. Indonesia sebagai Negara tropis yang kaya akan sinar matahari sepanjang tahun dapat memanfaatkan kekayaan tersebut sebagai sumber pencahayaan alami. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif yang lebih menekankan analisisnya pada proses analisis serta penyimpulan dengan menggunakan logika ilmiah. Desain perpustakaan ini menerapkan pencahayaan alami dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan pencahayaan perpustakaan berdasarkan aktivitas dan koleksi. Untuk mendapatkan cahaya yang maksimal dilakukan analisis kondisi pencahayaan pada tapak, kondisi pembayangan dan sudut jatuh matahari. Penerapan pencahayaan alami menyesuaikan sudut jatuh matahari dan waktu kebutuhan cahaya paling maksimal. Ruang dengan penggunaan pagi-sore menghadap ke arah cahaya seimbang pagi-sore. Ruang dengan penggunaan siang hari menghadap kearah cahaya cenderung siang hari. Untuk penyesuaian kebutuhan kuat cahaya, diterapkan selubung bangunan pada masing-masing sisi bangunan

Il “giusto” colore della pelle: diversità somatiche e culturali nei sussidiari della scuola primaria

This paper summarizes the results of an exploratory study on the representation of ethnic and cultural diversity in the depiction of children and adults in primary school textbooks, published between 2003 and 2020. The purpose of the study is to appraise the way in which such images are presented and the contents that are attached to them. Research was conducted by means of quantitative analysis (a numerical count of images of different ethnicities) and qualitative analysis based on visual semiotics and intercultural pedagogy, with particular reference to the implicit messages and stereotypes carried by the images analysed. The research focuses in particular on Civic education texts, where the vast majority of depictions of non-Caucasian adults and children were found, especially in content about migrations, human rights, and cultural diversity