168 research outputs found
Mass and Angular momentum of Black Holes in New Massive Gravity
We obtain mass and angular momentum of black holes as conserved charges in
three dimensional new massive gravity, after presenting the explicit expression
for the potential of the conserved charges. This confirms the expression of
those charges obtained in several ways, in particular through AdS/CFT
correspondence, and shows us that the first law of black hole thermodynamics is
valid in these black holes. We also comment about conserved charges in new type
black holes with the emphasis on the AdS/CFT correspondence as guiding
principle.Comment: minor corrections, added conclusion, accepted in PR
Chirality control of inorganic materials and metals by peptides or amino acids
Chirality exists everywhere in nature and may be one of the most important features in biological systems. The chirality of amino acid molecules is transferred to the peptide sequences, determining the secondary and further three-dimensional structures. As a result, even the macroscopic chirality observed in many living features can be controlled by the peptide sequence. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that achiral inorganic materials and metals, according to the crystallographic point group, can develop chiral morphologies that are precisely controlled by the amino acids and peptides. As a result, strong chiral optical responses can be generated even at visible wavelengths. In this review, we have highlighted recent pioneering examples to show the enantioselective interactions between inorganic materials/metals and amino acids/peptides and discussed the underlying mechanisms.Y
Curative Effects of Thiacremonone against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure via Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines Production and Infiltration of Cytotoxic Immune Cells and Kupffer Cells
High doses of acetaminophen (APAP; N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) cause severe hepatotoxicity after metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 2E1. This study was undertaken to examine the preventive effects of thiacremonone, a compound extracted from garlic, on APAP-induced acute hepatic failure in male C57BL/6J. Mice received with 500âmg/kg APAP after a 7-day pretreatment with thiacremonone (10â50âmg/kg). Thiacremonone inhibited the APAP-induced serum ALT and AST levels in a dose-dependent manner, and markedly reduced the restricted area of necrosis and inflammation by administration of APAP. Thiacremonone also inhibited the APAP-induced depletion of intracellular GSH, induction of nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation as well as expression of P450 2E1. After APAP injection, the numbers of Kupffer cells, natural killer cells, and cytotoxic T cells were elevated, but the elevated cell numbers in the liver were reduced in thiacremonone pretreated mice. The expression levels of I-309, M-CSF, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1ÎČ, IL-7, and IL-17 were increased by APAP treatment, which were inhibited in thiacremonone pretreated mice. These data indicate that thiacremonone could be a useful agent for the treatment of drug-induced hepatic failure and that the reduction of cytotoxic immune cells as well as proinflammatory cytokine production may be critical for the prevention of APAP-induced acute liver toxicity
Extremal Black Holes and Holographic C-Theorem
We found Bogomol'nyi type of the first order differential equations in three
dimensional Einstein gravity and the effective second order ones in new massive
gravity when an interacting scalar field is minimally coupled. Using these
equations in Einstein gravity, we obtain analytic solutions corresponding to
extremally rotating hairy black holes. We also obtain perturbatively extremal
black hole solutions in new massive gravity using these lower order
differential equations. All these solutions have the anti de-Sitter spaces as
their asymptotic geometries and as the near horizon ones. This feature of
solutions interpolating two anti de-Sitter spaces leads to the construction of
holographic c-theorem in these cases. Since our lower order equations reduce
naturally to the well-known equations for domain walls, our results can be
regarded as the natural extension of domain walls to more generic cases.Comment: 1+31 pages, no figure, v2: some improvements, accepted for
publication in Nucl. Phys.
Bioresorbable silicon electronics for transient spatiotemporal mapping of electrical activity from the cerebral cortex.
Bioresorbable silicon electronics technology offers unprecedented opportunities to deploy advanced implantable monitoring systems that eliminate risks, cost and discomfort associated with surgical extraction. Applications include postoperative monitoring and transient physiologic recording after percutaneous or minimally invasive placement of vascular, cardiac, orthopaedic, neural or other devices. We present an embodiment of these materials in both passive and actively addressed arrays of bioresorbable silicon electrodes with multiplexing capabilities, which record in vivo electrophysiological signals from the cortical surface and the subgaleal space. The devices detect normal physiologic and epileptiform activity, both in acute and chronic recordings. Comparative studies show sensor performance comparable to standard clinical systems and reduced tissue reactivity relative to conventional clinical electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes. This technology offers general applicability in neural interfaces, with additional potential utility in treatment of disorders where transient monitoring and modulation of physiologic function, implant integrity and tissue recovery or regeneration are required
Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Facilitates Cerebrospinal Fluid Formation by Regulating Aquaporin-1 Synthesis in the Brain
In the brain, aquaporin-1 (AQP-1), a water channel for high osmotic water permeability, is mainly expressed in the apical membrane of the ventricular choroid plexus and regulates formation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although the physiology of AQP-1 has been the subject of several publications, much less is known about the trans-acting factors involved in the control of AQP-1 gene expression. Here we report that TTF-1, a homeodomain-containing transcriptional regulator, is coexpressed with AQP-1 in the rat brain choroid plexus and enhances AQP-1 gene transcription by binding to conserved core TTF-1-binding motifs in the 5'-flanking region of the AQP-1 gene. Intracerebroventricular administration of an antisense TTF-1 oligodeoxynucleotide significantly decreased AQP-1 synthesis and reduced CSF formation. In addition, blockade of TTF-1 synthesis increased survival of the animals following acute water intoxication-induced brain edema. These results suggest that TTF-1 is physiologically involved in the transcriptional control of AQP-1, which is required for CSF formation
AdS/BCFT Correspondence for Higher Curvature Gravity: An Example
We consider the effects of higher curvature terms on a holographic dual
description of boundary conformal field theory. Specifically, we consider
three-dimensional gravity with a specific combination of Ricci tensor square
and curvature scalar square, so called, new massive gravity. We show that a
boundary entropy and an entanglement entropy are given by similar expression
with those of the Einstein gravity case when we introduce an {\it effective}
Newton's constant and an {\it effective} cosmological constant. We also show
that the holographic g-theorem still holds in this extension, and we give some
comments about the central charge dependence of boundary entropy in the
holographic construction. In the same way, we consider new type black holes and
comment on the boundary profile. Moreover, we reproduce these results through
auxiliary field formalism in this specific higher curvature gravity.Comment: 27pages, minor corrections, accepted in JHE
Aseptic Endocarditis in Behçet's Disease Presenting as Tricuspid Valve Stenosis
Aseptic endocarditis is an uncommon complication of Behçet's disease (BD). We describe a rare case of a 39-year-old female who had BD with aseptic endocarditis of the tricuspid valve (TV) presenting as tricuspid stenosis. She was diagnosed with BD four years ago. The mucocutaneous lesions were well-controlled with colchicine and short courses of corticosteroids. She remained free of signs and symptoms of BD for one year without any medication. Three months before admission, she gradually developed dyspnea on exertion and peripheral edema. Echocardiography revealed dilated right atrium and markedly thickened TV with severe stenosis. TV replacement was performed. Pathologic examination of the valve showed fibrinoid necrotic material and inflammatory cell infiltration. Blood cultures and cultures of the excised valve were negative for microorganisms
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