New Constraints on Isospin-Violating Dark Matter

We derive bounds on the dark matter annihilation cross-section for low-mass (5-20 GeV) dark matter annihilating primarily to up or down quarks, using the Fermi-LAT bound on gamma-rays from Milky Way satellites. For models in which dark matter-Standard Model interactions are mediated by particular contact operators, we show that these bounds can be directly translated into bounds on the dark matter-proton scattering cross-section. For isospin-violating dark matter, these constraints are tight enough to begin to constrain the parameter-space consistent with experimental signals of low-mass dark matter. We discuss possible models that can evade these bounds.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX, some clarifications and minor errors corrected, citations adde

Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Hemiptera: Aphididae) : a new addition to the aphid fauna of North America

Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Stroyan) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was found in wheat fields in the Pacific Northwest in 2011 and 2012. This is the first record of M. f. cerealium in North America. This subspecies can be a serious pest of cereal crops

Investigation of conductive thermal control coatings by a contactless method in vacuo

A technique for determining the conductance per unit area of thermal control coatings for electrostatically clean spacecraft is described. In order to simulate orbital conditions more closely, current-density-voltage (j-V) curves are obtained by a contactless method in which the paint on an aluminum substrate is the anode of a vacuum diode configuration with a tungsten filament cathode. Conductances per unit area which satisfy the International Sun Earth Explorer (ISEE) requirement were observed on black paints containing carbon and in white and green paints filled with zinc oxide which were fired in order to induce defect conductivity. Because of surface effects and the nonhomogeneous nature of paints, large discrepancies were found between measurements with the contactless method and measurements employing metallic contacts, particularly at low current densities. Therefore, measurements with metallic contacts are considered to be of questionable value in deciding the suitability of coatings for electrostatic charge control

Fresh Water: Environment or Trade

fresh water and trade, fresh water and environmen

Taking Responsibility for Transboundary Environmental Effects

There are recent encouraging examples of cooperation in international environmental affairs. However, nations have made only disappointing progress in developing international law to assign liability among nations for environmental injury. One positive step was taken when the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on Environment and Development appointed an Experts Group on Environmental Law. This Article describes and critiques the report of the Experts Group, taking some guidance from its principles, but finding many conclusions that should be changed. The Article proposes that international law should include expanded strict liability concepts applied to actual damages from environmental injury

The Origin and Development of Washington\u27s Independent Exclusionary Rule: Constitutional Right and Constitutionally Compelled Remedy

Underlying any court\u27s analysis of the exclusionary rule are certain basic theoretical elements that determine whether a court takes a unitary or a bifurcated approach to exclusion. To determine what theoretical elements underlie the Washington rule, the court must familiarize itself with the state rule\u27s long history of independent application, which has never been fully explored. The court must also recognize the historical relationship between the state exclusionary rule and certain provisions of the Declaration of Rights. 6 Analysis of the Washington exclusionary rule\u27s development reveals that, at minimum, exclusion is constitutionally compelled as the most effective remedy available to vindicate the defendant\u27s right to privacy. Moreover, failing to exclude violates the framers\u27 intention to incorporate the exclusionary rule in the state privilege against compelled self-incrimination contained in article 1, section 9. Finally, a failure to exclude eviscerates the defendant\u27s article 1, section 7 rights in violation of the state due process guarantee contained in article 1, section 3