Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Stroyan) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was found in wheat fields in the Pacific Northwest in 2011 and 2012. This is the first record of M. f. cerealium in North America. This subspecies can be a serious pest of cereal crops

Eigenbrode, Sanford D.

Halbert, Susan E.

Wu, Ying

English

Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main

CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FLMetopolophium festucae cerealium (Hemiptera: Aphididae),a new addition to the aphid fauna of North AmericaSusan E. HalbertFlorida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesDivision of Plant IndustryP.O. Box 147100Gainesville, FL 32614-7100Ying Wu and Sanford D. EigenbrodeDepartment of Plant, Soil and Entomological SciencesUniversity of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843Date of Issue: May 10, 20130301INSECTAMUNDI A Journal of World Insect SystematicsSusan E. Halbert, Ying Wu and Sanford D. EigenbrodeMetopolophium festucae cerealium (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a new addition to theaphid fauna of North AmericaInsecta Mundi 0301: 1-6ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:28028BE7-C9C2-444D-9D9E-41523C9F6EC8Published in 2013 byCenter for Systematic Entomology, Inc.P. O. 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Archived digitally by Portico.Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundiUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://edocs.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2010/14363/Author instructions available on the Insecta Mundi page at:http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons,Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduc-tion in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/10301: 1-6 2013Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a newaddition to the aphid fauna of North AmericaSusan E. HalbertFlorida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesDivision of Plant IndustryP.O. Box 147100Gainesville, FL 32614-7100Susan.Halbert@freshfromflorida.comYing Wu and Sanford D. EigenbrodeDepartment of Plant, Soil and Entomological SciencesUniversity of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843ywu@uidaho.edu; sanforde@uidaho.eduAbstract. Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Stroyan) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was found in wheat fields in thePacific Northwest in 2011 and 2012. This is the first record of M. f. cerealium in North America. This subspecies canbe a serious pest of cereal crops.Key Words. Metopolophium festucae cerealium, cereal crops, wheat, cereal aphidsIntroductionStroyan (1982) separated the subspecies Metopolophium festucae cerealium Stroyan (Hemiptera:Aphididae) from Metopolophium festucae (Theobald, 1917), sensu stricto, based on morphological charac-ters and host preferences. Metopolophium festucae s.s. feeds on a variety of grasses, but is only incidentalon cereal crops, whereas M. f. cerealium is a significant pest of cereal crops. It also can be found ongrasses.Plumb (1974) reported that M. festucae (presumably M. festucae cerealium) is more damaging to oats(Avena sativa L.) than to other cereals, causing damage similar to that reported for Schizaphis graminum(Rondani) in the USA. Dent and Wratten (1986) assessed host plant relationships of M. festucae cerealiumamong various pasture grasses and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). They found that wheat was moresusceptible than any of the grasses tested.Metopolophium festucae was reported in the USA in California in 1970 (Foottit et al. 2006). It is notlisted in the Idaho fauna (Gittins et al. 1976), but it is listed (subspecies unspecified) as occurring in thePacific Northwest in Pike et al. (2003). In Idaho, M. festucae briefly became a pest in 1994 in Boise onfescue lawns. People who were encouraged to plant drought-tolerant fescue lawns inadvertently planteda monoculture of the favored host plant for this species. Moreover, the mild winter of 1993/1994 enabledthis commonly anholocyclic species to overwinter easily in the Boise area. Populations in a few lawnsreached hundreds per leaf; however, no colonization of cereal crops was observed. Measurements of thespecimens were borderline between the two subspecies, but the dorsal pattern on the alatae appeared tomatch that of M. festucae s.s. (Fig. 2). Vouchers are deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods(FSCA).From the mid 1980s through the mid 1990s, cereal crops in the Pacific Northwest were surveyedextensively for aphids because of epidemics of barley yellow dwarf and because of the establishment of theRussian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) in the late 1980s. A few specimens that appeared to beM. f. cerealium were collected in suction traps in 1994 in Oregon at Corvallis, Madras, and Hermiston.No colonization of cereal crops was observed. The apparent specimens of M. festucae cerealium werereported informally (Halbert and Sandvol 1995), but follow-up with surveys on cereal crops was recom-mended to confirm the identity of the collections. Until now, this aphid has not been reported on cerealcrops in the USA.2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0301, May 2013 HALBERT ET AL.Figure 1. Maps showing locations and relative numbers of Metopolophium festucae cerealium Stroyan in samplescollected in 2011 and 2012 in the Pacific Northwest. Map by Alicia Lawrence, FDACS/DPI.INSECTA MUNDI 0301, May 2013 • 3 A NEW APHID TO NORTH AMERICARecent surveys and discussion of speciesIn June and July of 2011, another cereal aphid survey project was initiated that included sweepsampling of wheat fields in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Nearly every sample contained M. festucaecerealium. The aphids were found in both winter and spring wheat, and in all three states (Table 1).Voucher specimens from fifteen locations are deposited at the FSCA.More samples were collected in 2012 (Table 2). Large numbers of M. f. cerealium were collected atsome locations. (Fig. 1)Only two species of Metopolophium occur on cereals in the Pacific Northwest. Metopolophium dirhodum(Walker) (rose grass aphid), another adventive species, has been in the USA at least since 1910 (Foottitet al. 2006). It is common and numerous in cereal crops, especially late season wheat (personal observa-tions, S.E. Halbert). Separation of M. festucae cerealium from M. dirhodum is easier for alatae than forapterae. Alate M. festucae cerealium (Fig. 3) specimens have a pattern of broken bars on their abdomens,whereas alate M. dirhodum specimens do not have abdominal markings. Alate M. festucae cerealium oncereals might also be confused with alate Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), but specimens of S. avenae have2 34 5Figures 2-5.  2) Dorsum of Metopolophium sp., probably festucae sensu stricto. This aphid was collected from afescue lawn in Boise Idaho. Note the lack of a rudimentary patch on abdominal segments V and VI (just anterior tosiphunculi), and the curved, slightly darker siphunculi, as compared with Metopolophium festucae cerealium, Fig. 3.3) Dorsum of alate Metopolophium festucae cerealium. Note abdominal pattern, especially incomplete patch onsegments V and VI (just anterior to the siphunculi). 4) Metopolophium festucae cerealium antenna of apterous form.Note that joints are not darkened. 5) Metopolophium dirhodum antenna of apterous form. Note dark joints on theantenna, especially on segments V and VI.4 • INSECTA MUNDI 0301, May 2013 HALBERT ET AL.dark, reticulated siphunculi, whereas Metopolophium species have pale to dusky siphunculi withoutreticulation. Apterous M. festucae cerealium (Fig. 4) specimens have antennae that darken progressivelyfrom base to apex, whereas apterous M. dirhodum (Fig. 5) specimens have antennae with dark joints.Neither species has abdominal markings. Both species are easily separated from S. avenae apterae bytheir pale siphunculi and lack of abdominal markings.Separation of M. festucae s.s. from M. f. cerealium requires discriminant functions (Stroyan 1982).Sometimes results are borderline. According to Stroyan, however, M. festucae s.s. is not found on cerealcrops. Also according to Stroyan (1982), M. f. cerealium alatae have intersegmental markings forming anincomplete patch on abdominal segments V and VI (Fig. 3), whereas M. festucae s.s. alatae never havethis feature (Fig. 1).It is not known at this time whether M. festucae cerealium will prove to be a significant pest of cerealcrops in North America. Metopolophium festucae is a recorded vector of one or more the barley yellowdwarf complex of cereal viruses (Jedlinski 1981; Plumb 1974). Blackman et al. (1990) suggested thatthese records should refer to M. festucae cerealium.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Mark Rothschild, FSCA Research Associate, and Gary Steck, FDACS, Division of PlantIndustry, for helpful reviews of this manuscript. The research was supported by National Institute forFood and Agriculture competitive grant, award number: 2011-68002-30191. This is Entomology Contri-bution No. 1236, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry,Bureau of Entomology, Nematology, and Plant Pathology.Literature CitedBlackman, R.L., V . F. Eastop, and P .A. Brown. 1990. The biology and taxonomy of the aphids trans-mitting barley yellow dwarf virus. p 197-214. In: P .A. Burnett (ed.) World Perspectives on BarleyYellow Dwarf. CIMMYT; Mexico, D.F., Mexico. 511 p.Dent, D. R., and S. D. Wratten. 1986. The host-plant relationships of apterous virginoparae of thegrass aphid Metopolophium festucae cerealium. Annals of Applied Biology 108: 567-576.Foottit, R. G., S. E. Halbert, G. L. Miller, E. Maw, and L. M. Russell. 2006. Adventive aphids(Hemiptera: Aphididae) of America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society ofWashington 108: 583-610.Gittins, A. R., G. W. Bishop, G. F. Knowlton, and E. J. Parker. 1976. An annotated list of the aphidsof Idaho (Homoptera: Aphidae [sic]). Research Bulletin No. 95, University of Idaho AgriculturalExperiment Station, College of Agriculture; Moscow, ID. 47 p.Halbert, S. E., and L. E. Sandvol. 1995. New or unusual pests in Idaho in 1994. Research Reports:54th Annual Northwest Insect Management Conference, Imperial Hotel, Portland Oregon, January1995. p. 71.Jedlinski, H. 1981. Rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, a vector of barley yellow dwarfvirus in Illinois, and the disease complex. Plant Disease 65: 975-978.Pike, K. S., L. L. Boydston, and D. W. Allison. 2003. Aphids of western North America north ofMexico with keys to subfamilies and genera for female alatae. Washington State University; Pull-man, WA. 282 p. (See especially pages 176-177.)Plumb, R. T. 1974. Properties and isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. Annals of Applied Biology 77:87-91.Stroyan, H. L. G. 1982. Revisionary notes on the genus Metopolophium Mordvilko, 1914, with keys toEuropean species and descriptions of two new taxa (Homoptera: Aphidoidea). Zoological Journal ofthe Linnean Society 75: 91-140.Received March 1, 2013; Accepted April 13, 2013.INSECTA MUNDI 0301, May 2013 • 5 A NEW APHID TO NORTH AMERICATable 1. Sweep samples of Metopolophium festucae cerealium collected in wheat in 2011 in the Pacific Northwest.Asterisks (*) indicate that at least one voucher sample was collected from that location. Vouchers are deposited inthe Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA).State County Municipality Crop Sample Date Alatae Apterae AltitudeIdaho Idaho Cottonwood Spring wheat 11-Jul-11 7 3 3717 ftIdaho Idaho Cottonwood Winter wheat 11-Jul-11 1 0 2225 ftIdaho Idaho Greencreek Spring wheat 11-Jul-11 6 2 3130 ftIdaho Idaho Greencreek Winter wheat 11-Jul-11 1 1 3129 ft*Idaho Latah Genesee Spring wheat 7-Jul-11 4 1 2600 ftIdaho Latah Genesee Spring wheat 15-Jul-11 4 4 2762 ftIdaho Latah Genesee Spring wheat 7-Jul-11 1 4 2218 ftIdaho Latah Genesee Winter wheat 7-Jul-11 2 2 2658 ftIdaho Latah Genesee Winter wheat 15-Jul-11 12 5 2762 ftIdaho Latah Genesee Winter wheat 7-Jul-11 2 1 2441 ftIdaho Latah Moscow Spring wheat 1-Jul-11 3 1 2677 ft*Idaho Latah Moscow Winter wheat 1-Jul-11 3 1 2682 ftIdaho Nez Perce Culdesac Winter wheat 11-Jul-11 1 9 2960 ftOregon Gillian Condon Winter wheat 10-Jun-11 5 18 3463 ft*Oregon Sherman Moro Spring wheat 10-Jun-11 2 0 1882 ftOregon Sherman Moro Winter wheat 10-Jun-11 3 4 1882 ftOregon Umatilla Adams Winter wheat 22-Jun-11 2 22 1574 ftOregon Umatilla Milton-Freewater Winter wheat 21-Jun-11 14 46 1683 ftOregon Umatilla Pendleton Spring wheat 10-Jun-11 16 3 3470 ftOregon Umatilla Pendleton Winter wheat 22-Jun-11 2 13 1454 ft*Oregon Umatilla Pendleton Winter wheat 10 Jun-11 2 3 3470 ft*Oregon Wasco Maupin Winter wheat 9-Jun-11 1 2 1660 ft*Oregon Wasco The Dalles Winter wheat 9-Jun-11 5 13 1063 ft*Washington Adams Lind Winter wheat 17-Jun-11 4 4 1872 ftWashington Adams Ritzville Winter wheat 17-Jun-11 2 2 1737 ftWashington Asotin Asotin Spring wheat 5-Jul-11 3 5 2900 ftWashington Asotin Asotin Winter wheat 5-Jul-11 6 7 3017 ftWashington Benton Prosser Winter wheat 22-Jun-11 0 2 1207 ftWashington Douglas Bridgeport Spring wheat 16-Jun-11 0 3 2058 ftWashington Franklin Connell Dark Northern 17-Jun-11 7 2 2342 ftSpring wheatWashington Franklin Connell Winter wheat 17-Jun-11 1 16 2340 ft*Washington Lincoln Wilbur Winter wheat 15-Jun-11 2 0 2136 ft*Washington Spokane Fairfield Winter wheat 30-Jun-11 4 1 2558 ft*Washington Walla WallaPrescott Winter wheat 22-Jun-11 0 2 976 ft*Washington Walla WallaTouchet Winter wheat 21-Jun-11 4 10 973 ftWashington Whitman Almota Spring wheat 5-Jul-11 3 2 2369 ftWashington Whitman Almota Winter wheat 5-Jul-11 5 25 2353 ftWashington Whitman Colfax Spring wheat 30-Jun-11 0 2 2337 ftWashington Whitman Colfax Winter wheat 30-Jun-11 1 0 2379 ft*Washington Whitman Pullman Spring wheat 14-Jul-11 1 3 2621 ftWashington Whitman Pullman Winter wheat 14-Jul-11 1 8 2629 ftWashington Whitman Rosalia Spring wheat 30-Jun-11 0 2 2316 ftWashington Whitman Rosalia Winter wheat 17-Jun-11 0 1 2102 ft*Washington Whitman Uniontown Spring wheat 5-Jul-11 14 2 2806 ftWashington Whitman Uniontown Winter wheat 5-Jul-11 10 0 3012 ft6 • INSECTA MUNDI 0301, May 2013 HALBERT ET AL.Table 2. Sweep samples of Metopolophium festucae cerealium collected in wheat in 2012 in the Pacific Northwest.State County Municipality Crop Sampling Date Alatae Apterae AltitudeIdaho Idaho Cottonwood Winter wheat 19-Jun-12 12 11 3393 ftIdaho Idaho Greencreek Winter wheat 19-Jun-12 25 41 3295 ftIdaho Latah Genesee Winter wheat 4-Jun-12 6 11 2760 ftIdaho Latah Genesee Winter wheat 4-Jun-12 32 29 2484 ftIdaho Latah Genesee Winter wheat 25-Jun-12 13 8 2655 ftIdaho Latah Genesee Winter wheat 27-Jun-12 9 14 2762 ftIdaho Latah Kendrick Winter wheat 25-Jun-12 10 15 2371 ftIdaho Latah Moscow Winter wheat 6-Jun-12 1 1 1737 ftIdaho Nez Perce Culdesac Winter wheat 19-Jun-12 11 26 2386 ftOregon Gilliam Condon Winter wheat 21-May-12 0 1 3143 ftOregon Morrow Heppner Winter wheat 15-Jun-12 1 6 2173 ftOregon Sherman Moro Winter wheat 22-May-12 0 1 1871 ftOregon Sherman Wasco Winter wheat 23-May-12 1 1 1235 ftOregon Umatilla Adams Winter wheat 11-May-12 0 2 1596 ftOregon Umatilla Milton-Freewater Winter wheat 10-May-12 2 0 1683 ftOregon Umatilla Pendleton Winter wheat 11-May-12 0 1 1562 ftOregon Umatilla Pendleton Winter wheat 11-May-12 10 43 3470 ftOregon Wasco Maupin Winter wheat 21-May-12 0 1 1652 ftOregon Wasco The Dalles Winter wheat 21-May-12 0 1 898 ftWashington Adams Lind Winter wheat 30-May-12 17 8 1890 ftWashington Adams Ritzville Winter wheat 30-May-12 2 2 1724 ftWashington Asotin Asotin Winter wheat 31-May-12 45 49 2806 ftWashington Benton Prosser Winter wheat 23-May-12 1 0 934 ftWashington Douglas Bridgeport Winter wheat 5-Jun-12 0 4 2266 ftWashington Franklin Connell Winter wheat 16-May-12 0 8 1190 ftWashington Franklin Connell Winter wheat 16-May-12 0 1 1131 ftWashington Grant Coulee City Winter wheat 5-Jun-12 1 2 2324 ftWashington Grant Quincy Winter wheat 16-May-12 0 0 1200 ftWashington Klickitat Bickleton Winter wheat 14-Jun-12 8 23 2793 ftWashington Klickitat Bickleton Winter wheat 14-Jun-12 3 14 2576 ftWashington Lincoln Wilbur Winter wheat 5-Jun-12 1 2 2315 ftWashington Spokane Fairfield Winter wheat 25-Jun-12 10 7 2604 ftWashington Walla Walla Prescott Winter wheat 10-May-12 1 2 1044 ftWashington Walla Walla Touchet Winter wheat 10-May-12 4 22 973 ftWashington Whitman Colfax Winter wheat 11-Jun-12 17 3 2360 ftWashington Whitman Almota Winter wheat 22-Jun-12 116 417 2348 ftWashington Whitman Palouse Winter wheat 7-Jun-12 9 9 2199 ftWashington Whitman Pullman Winter wheat 22-Jun-12 15 26 2738 ftWashington Whitman Rosalia Winter wheat 7-Jun-12 0 3 2185 ftWashington Whitman Uniontown Winter wheat 13-Jun-12 21 41 2799 ft

Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Hemiptera: Aphididae) : a new addition to the aphid fauna of North America

Halbert, Susan E., Wu, Ying, Eigenbrode, Sanford D. (2013): Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a new addition to the aphid fauna of North America. Insecta Mundi 2013 (301): 1-6, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.517598

Metopolophium festucae cerealium (Hemiptera: Aphididae) : a new addition to the aphid fauna of North America

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