CBIs studie om innovationsledning

CBI har under andra halv\ue5ret 2010 och f\uf6rsta halv\ue5ret 2011 genomf\uf6rt en studie av innovationsledning hos 38 utvalda svenska f\uf6retag inom tillverkning, IT och Telekom. Syftet var att unders\uf6ka hur f\uf6retagen leder och organiserar innovation samt vilka utmaningar de st\ue5r inf\uf6r. Fr\ue5gorna har besvarats av antingen VD eller en medlem i ledningsgruppen med insyn i f\uf6retagets hantering av innovation.Resultatet visar att -de flesta f\uf6retagen inte skiljer p\ue5 radikal och inkrementell innovation-i m\ue5nga f\uf6retag anv\ue4nds ordet innovation f\uf6r all produkt- och tj\ue4nsteutveckling-de flesta f\uf6retag ser en \uf6kning av innovationstakten inom sin respektive bransch-de flesta f\uf6retag uttrycker att innovation \ue4r viktigt, samtidigt som f\ue5 f\uf6retag har innovationsfr\ue5gor bland sina tre st\uf6rsta utmaningar-h\ue4lften av f\uf6retagen anv\ue4nder n\ue5gon form av rutin f\uf6r att st\ue4rka sin f\uf6rm\ue5ga att skapa nya produkter och tj\ue4nster, men endast ett f\ue5tal anv\ue4nder flera olika rutiner-f\uf6rstainnovationsf\uf6retagen (mindre, relativt nystartade f\uf6retag) skiljer sig fr\ue5n de \uf6vriga i det att de \ue4r starkt innovationscentrerade-m\ue5nga f\uf6retag v\ue4lkomnar st\uf6d fr\ue5n akademin, men endast ett f\ue5tal \uf6nskar st\uf6d att \uf6ka sin innovationsf\uf6rm\ue5gaCBIs samtliga seniora forskare har genomf\uf6rt intervjuerna

CBIs studie om innovationsledning

CBI har under andra halv\ue5ret 2010 och f\uf6rsta halv\ue5ret 2011 genomf\uf6rt en studie av innovationsledning hos 38 utvalda svenska f\uf6retag inom tillverkning, IT och Telekom. Syftet var att unders\uf6ka hur f\uf6retagen leder och organiserar innovation samt vilka utmaningar de st\ue5r inf\uf6r. Fr\ue5gorna har besvarats av antingen VD eller en medlem i ledningsgruppen med insyn i f\uf6retagets hantering av innovation.Resultatet visar att -de flesta f\uf6retagen inte skiljer p\ue5 radikal och inkrementell innovation-i m\ue5nga f\uf6retag anv\ue4nds ordet innovation f\uf6r all produkt- och tj\ue4nsteutveckling-de flesta f\uf6retag ser en \uf6kning av innovationstakten inom sin respektive bransch-de flesta f\uf6retag uttrycker att innovation \ue4r viktigt, samtidigt som f\ue5 f\uf6retag har innovationsfr\ue5gor bland sina tre st\uf6rsta utmaningar-h\ue4lften av f\uf6retagen anv\ue4nder n\ue5gon form av rutin f\uf6r att st\ue4rka sin f\uf6rm\ue5ga att skapa nya produkter och tj\ue4nster, men endast ett f\ue5tal anv\ue4nder flera olika rutiner-f\uf6rstainnovationsf\uf6retagen (mindre, relativt nystartade f\uf6retag) skiljer sig fr\ue5n de \uf6vriga i det att de \ue4r starkt innovationscentrerade-m\ue5nga f\uf6retag v\ue4lkomnar st\uf6d fr\ue5n akademin, men endast ett f\ue5tal \uf6nskar st\uf6d att \uf6ka sin innovationsf\uf6rm\ue5gaCBIs samtliga seniora forskare har genomf\uf6rt intervjuerna

Double photodetachment from the Cl[-]ion

The correlated process involving the photodetachment of two electrons from the [Formula Presented] ion has been investigated over the photon energy range 20–45 eV. In the experiment, a beam of photons from the Advanced Light Source (ALS) was collinearly merged with a counterpropagating beam of [Formula Presented] ions from a sputter ion source. The [Formula Presented] ions produced in the interaction region were detected, and the normalized signal was used to monitor the relative cross section for the reaction. An absolute scale for the cross section was established by measuring the spatial overlap of the two beams and by determining the efficiency for collection and detection of the [Formula Presented] ions. The overall magnitude and shape of the measured cross section for this process agrees well with an R-matrix calculation. The calculation identifies the dominant mechanism leading to the production of the [Formula Presented] ion as being a direct nonresonant process involving the ejection of a pair of electrons from the valence shell. Less important is the indirect nonresonant process that involves the production and decay of core-excited and doubly excited states of the Cl atom in an intermediate step. Direct and indirect resonant mechanisms involving the excitation of a single [Formula Presented] core electron or more than one valence electron of the [Formula Presented] ion were found to be insignificant in the energy range studied

Identification and prospective stability of electronic nose (eNose)-derived inflammatory phenotypes in patients with severe asthma

Background: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous condition, as shown by independent cluster analyses based on demographic, clinical, and inflammatory characteristics. A next step is to identify molecularly driven phenotypes using \u201comics\u201d technologies. Molecular fingerprints of exhaled breath are associated with inflammation and can qualify as noninvasive assessment of severe asthma phenotypes. Objectives: We aimed (1) to identify severe asthma phenotypes using exhaled metabolomic fingerprints obtained from a composite of electronic noses (eNoses) and (2) to assess the stability of eNose-derived phenotypes in relation to within-patient clinical and inflammatory changes. Methods: In this longitudinal multicenter study exhaled breath samples were taken from an unselected subset of adults with severe asthma from the U-BIOPRED cohort. Exhaled metabolites were analyzed centrally by using an assembly of eNoses. Unsupervised Ward clustering enhanced by similarity profile analysis together with K-means clustering was performed. For internal validation, partitioning around medoids and topological data analysis were applied. Samples at 12 to 18 months of prospective follow-up were used to assess longitudinal within-patient stability. Results: Data were available for 78 subjects (age, 55 years [interquartile range, 45-64 years]; 41% male). Three eNose-driven clusters (n = 26/33/19) were revealed, showing differences in circulating eosinophil (P =.045) and neutrophil (P =.017) percentages and ratios of patients using oral corticosteroids (P =.035). Longitudinal within-patient cluster stability was associated with changes in sputum eosinophil percentages (P =.045). Conclusions: We have identified and followed up exhaled molecular phenotypes of severe asthma, which were associated with changing inflammatory profile and oral steroid use. This suggests that breath analysis can contribute to the management of severe asthm

Suicidal ideation in a European Huntington's disease population

Previous studies indicate increased prevalences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicide in Huntington's disease (HD) compared with the general population. This study investigates correlates and predictors of suicidal ideation in HD. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 2106 HD mutation carriers, all participating in the REGISTRY study of the European Huntington's Disease Network. Of the 1937 participants without suicidal ideation at baseline, 945 had one or more follow-up measurements. Participants were assessed for suicidal ideation by the behavioural subscale of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). Correlates of suicidal ideation were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and predictors were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: At baseline, 169 (8.0%) mutation carriers endorsed suicidal ideation. Disease duration (odds ratio [OR]=0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9-1.0), anxiety (OR=2.14; 95%CI: 1.4-3.3), aggression (OR=2.41; 95%CI: 1.5-3.8), a previous suicide attempt (OR=3.95; 95%CI: 2.4-6.6), and a depressed mood (OR=13.71; 95%CI: 6.7-28.0) were independently correlated to suicidal ideation at baseline. The 4-year cumulative incidence of suicidal ideation was 9.9%. Longitudinally, the presence of a depressed mood (hazard ratio [HR]=2.05; 95%CI: 1.1-4.0) and use of benzodiazepines (HR=2.44; 95%CI: 1.2-5.0) at baseline were independent predictors of incident suicidal ideation, whereas a previous suicide attempt was not predictive. LIMITATIONS: As suicidal ideation was assessed by only one item, and participants were a selection of all HD mutation carriers, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was likely underestimated. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation in HD frequently occurs. Assessment of suicidal ideation is a priority in mutation carriers with a depressed mood and in those using benzodiazepines

Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE): a prospective European multicentre observational study

International audienceBackground: Neonates and infants are susceptible to hypoxaemia in the perioperative period. The aim of this study was to analyse interventions related to anaesthesia tracheal intubations in this European cohort and identify their clinical consequences.Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of tracheal intubations of the European multicentre observational trial (NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe [NECTARINE]) in neonates and small infants with difficult tracheal intubation. The primary endpoint was the incidence of difficult intubation and the related complications. The secondary endpoints were the risk factors for severe hypoxaemia attributed to difficult airway management, and 30 and 90 day outcomes.Results: Tracheal intubation was planned in 4683 procedures. Difficult tracheal intubation, defined as two failed attempts of direct laryngoscopy, occurred in 266 children (271 procedures) with an incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 5.8% (95% CI, 5.1-6.5). Bradycardia occurred in 8% of the cases with difficult intubation, whereas a significant decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2<90% for 60 s) was reported in 40%. No associated risk factors could be identified among co-morbidities, surgical, or anaesthesia management. Using propensity scoring to adjust for confounders, difficult anaesthesia tracheal intubation did not lead to an increase in 30 and 90 day morbidity or mortality.Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrate a high incidence of difficult tracheal intubation in children less than 60 weeks post-conceptual age commonly resulting in severe hypoxaemia. Reassuringly, the morbidity and mortality at 30 and 90 days was not increased by the occurrence of a difficult intubation event