Morphophysiological performance genotypes of semi-late maturity / late soybean under flooding

A região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul possui regiões de solos de várzea, as quais estão sujeitas a alagamento, e estão sendo cada vez mais cultivadas com soja. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar alterações morfofisiológicas cultivares de soja de ciclo semi-tardio/tardio, sob alagamento do solo no estádio fenológico vegetativo e reprodutivo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental de Terras Baixas, da Embrapa Clima Temperado, no município do Capão do Leão, RS. Três sistemas de manejo da água foram aplicados condição normal de cultivo, alagamento no período vegetativo e alagamento em período reprodutivo. Durante o ciclo da cultura foram avaliados altura de plantas, diâmetro da haste principal, índice do teor de clorofila, redução do índice do teor de clorofila, fenologia e número de nós na haste por planta. O alagamento reduz o número de nós na haste principal, reduzindo a estatura das plantas, sendo os efeitos mais acentuados quando o alagamento ocorre no estádio vegetativo. Altura de planta indica que a cultivar CLBRS 9911 apresentam maior tolerância ao alagamento, já as cultivares CD 219 RR, Embrapa 45 e PCL 06 - 08 os menores. Os valores de índice do teor de clorofila indicam como mais promissor a cultivar FT-Abyara. O alagamento do solo tanto no estádio vegetativo como no estádio reprodutivo, causa retardamento de ocorrência dos estádios fenológicos, bem como do ciclo total de cultivares de soja.The southern region of Rio Grande do Sul has several areas of lowland soils, which are subject to flooding, and are increasingly being planted with soybeans. The objective was to evaluate changes morphophysiological soybean cultivars of semi-late maturity / late under flooding in vegetative and reproductive growth stage. The experiments were conducted at Estação Experimental de Terras Baixas, Embrapa Clima Temperado, in Capão do Leão, RS. Three water management systems are in normal condition of cultivation, flooding in the vegetative stage and flooding in reproductive stage. During the crop cycle were evaluated plant height, diameter of the main stem, chlorophyll content index, reduction of chlorophyll content index, phenology and number of nodes on the stem per plant. Flooding reduces the number of nodes on the main stem, reducing plant height, with the most pronounced effects when flooding occurs in the vegetative stage. Plant height indicates that the farming CLBRS 9911 have increased tolerance to flooding, since the RR 219 CD cultivars Embrapa 45 and PCL 06 - 08 minors. The chlorophyll content index values indicate more promising cultivar FT-Abyara. The flooding both in the vegetative stage and in the reproductive stage, because of delay occurrence of phenological stages and the total soybean cultivars cycle.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Morphophysiological performance genotypes of semi-late maturity / late soybean under flooding

A região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul possui regiões de solos de várzea, as quais estão sujeitas a alagamento, e estão sendo cada vez mais cultivadas com soja. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar alterações morfofisiológicas cultivares de soja de ciclo semi-tardio/tardio, sob alagamento do solo no estádio fenológico vegetativo e reprodutivo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental de Terras Baixas, da Embrapa Clima Temperado, no município do Capão do Leão, RS. Três sistemas de manejo da água foram aplicados condição normal de cultivo, alagamento no período vegetativo e alagamento em período reprodutivo. Durante o ciclo da cultura foram avaliados altura de plantas, diâmetro da haste principal, índice do teor de clorofila, redução do índice do teor de clorofila, fenologia e número de nós na haste por planta. O alagamento reduz o número de nós na haste principal, reduzindo a estatura das plantas, sendo os efeitos mais acentuados quando o alagamento ocorre no estádio vegetativo. Altura de planta indica que a cultivar CLBRS 9911 apresentam maior tolerância ao alagamento, já as cultivares CD 219 RR, Embrapa 45 e PCL 06 - 08 os menores. Os valores de índice do teor de clorofila indicam como mais promissor a cultivar FT-Abyara. O alagamento do solo tanto no estádio vegetativo como no estádio reprodutivo, causa retardamento de ocorrência dos estádios fenológicos, bem como do ciclo total de cultivares de soja.The southern region of Rio Grande do Sul has several areas of lowland soils, which are subject to flooding, and are increasingly being planted with soybeans. The objective was to evaluate changes morphophysiological soybean cultivars of semi-late maturity / late under flooding in vegetative and reproductive growth stage. The experiments were conducted at Estação Experimental de Terras Baixas, Embrapa Clima Temperado, in Capão do Leão, RS. Three water management systems are in normal condition of cultivation, flooding in the vegetative stage and flooding in reproductive stage. During the crop cycle were evaluated plant height, diameter of the main stem, chlorophyll content index, reduction of chlorophyll content index, phenology and number of nodes on the stem per plant. Flooding reduces the number of nodes on the main stem, reducing plant height, with the most pronounced effects when flooding occurs in the vegetative stage. Plant height indicates that the farming CLBRS 9911 have increased tolerance to flooding, since the RR 219 CD cultivars Embrapa 45 and PCL 06 - 08 minors. The chlorophyll content index values indicate more promising cultivar FT-Abyara. The flooding both in the vegetative stage and in the reproductive stage, because of delay occurrence of phenological stages and the total soybean cultivars cycle.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Morphophysiological performance genotypes of semi-late maturity / late soybean under flooding

A região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul possui regiões de solos de várzea, as quais estão sujeitas a alagamento, e estão sendo cada vez mais cultivadas com soja. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar alterações morfofisiológicas cultivares de soja de ciclo semi-tardio/tardio, sob alagamento do solo no estádio fenológico vegetativo e reprodutivo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental de Terras Baixas, da Embrapa Clima Temperado, no município do Capão do Leão, RS. Três sistemas de manejo da água foram aplicados condição normal de cultivo, alagamento no período vegetativo e alagamento em período reprodutivo. Durante o ciclo da cultura foram avaliados altura de plantas, diâmetro da haste principal, índice do teor de clorofila, redução do índice do teor de clorofila, fenologia e número de nós na haste por planta. O alagamento reduz o número de nós na haste principal, reduzindo a estatura das plantas, sendo os efeitos mais acentuados quando o alagamento ocorre no estádio vegetativo. Altura de planta indica que a cultivar CLBRS 9911 apresentam maior tolerância ao alagamento, já as cultivares CD 219 RR, Embrapa 45 e PCL 06 - 08 os menores. Os valores de índice do teor de clorofila indicam como mais promissor a cultivar FT-Abyara. O alagamento do solo tanto no estádio vegetativo como no estádio reprodutivo, causa retardamento de ocorrência dos estádios fenológicos, bem como do ciclo total de cultivares de soja.The southern region of Rio Grande do Sul has several areas of lowland soils, which are subject to flooding, and are increasingly being planted with soybeans. The objective was to evaluate changes morphophysiological soybean cultivars of semi-late maturity / late under flooding in vegetative and reproductive growth stage. The experiments were conducted at Estação Experimental de Terras Baixas, Embrapa Clima Temperado, in Capão do Leão, RS. Three water management systems are in normal condition of cultivation, flooding in the vegetative stage and flooding in reproductive stage. During the crop cycle were evaluated plant height, diameter of the main stem, chlorophyll content index, reduction of chlorophyll content index, phenology and number of nodes on the stem per plant. Flooding reduces the number of nodes on the main stem, reducing plant height, with the most pronounced effects when flooding occurs in the vegetative stage. Plant height indicates that the farming CLBRS 9911 have increased tolerance to flooding, since the RR 219 CD cultivars Embrapa 45 and PCL 06 - 08 minors. The chlorophyll content index values indicate more promising cultivar FT-Abyara. The flooding both in the vegetative stage and in the reproductive stage, because of delay occurrence of phenological stages and the total soybean cultivars cycle.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Dentin deproteinization effect on bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements

This study examined the effect of deproteinization on the bond strength between self-adhesive resin cements and dentin surfaces that were untreated (control), acid-etched, or acid-etched and subjected to a post-etch deproteinization treatment. Cylinders of RelyX Unicem or BisCem (n = 6) cement were build-up on the dentin surfaces and tested to determine shear strength. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). While neither dentin pretreatment improved the bond strength for RelyX Unicem, deproteinization treatments resulted in greater bond strength in BisCem specimens while acid etching alone did not improve the performance of the material

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Delimiting the Origin of a B Chromosome by FISH Mapping, Chromosome Painting and DNA Sequence Analysis in Astyanax paranae (Teleostei, Characiformes)

Supernumerary (B) chromosomes have been shown to contain a wide variety of repetitive sequences. For this reason, fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) is a useful tool for ascertaining the origin of these genomic elements, especially when combined with painting from microdissected B chromosomes. In order to investigate the origin of B chromosomes in the fish species Astyanax paranae, these two approaches were used along with PCR amplification of specific DNA sequences obtained from the B chromosomes and its comparison with those residing in the A chromosomes. Remarkably, chromosome painting with the one-arm metacentric B chromosome probe showed hybridization signals on entire B chromosome, while FISH mapping revealed the presence of H1 histone and 18S rDNA genes symmetrically placed in both arms of the B chromosome. These results support the hypothesis that the B chromosome of A. paranae is an isochromosome. Additionally, the chromosome pairs Nos. 2 or 23 are considered the possible B chromosome ancestors since both contain syntenic H1 and 18S rRNA sequences. The analysis of DNA sequence fragments of the histone and rRNA genes obtained from the microdissected B chromosomes showed high similarity with those obtained from 0B individuals, which supports the intraspecific origin of B chromosomes in A. paranae. Finally, the population hereby analysed showed a female-biased B chromosome presence suggesting that B chromosomes in this species could influence sex determinism.This research was funded by grants from the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) to DMZAS (2011/16825-3) and CO (2010/17009-2), grants from National Council for Research and Development (CNPq) to FF and by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The Recognition of N-Glycans by the Lectin ArtinM Mediates Cell Death of a Human Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line

ArtinM, a d-mannose-binding lectin from Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit), interacts with N-glycosylated receptors on the surface of several cells of hematopoietic origin, triggering cell migration, degranulation, and cytokine release. Because malignant transformation is often associated with altered expression of cell surface glycans, we evaluated the interaction of ArtinM with human myelocytic leukemia cells and investigated cellular responses to lectin binding. The intensity of ArtinM binding varied across 3 leukemia cell lines: NB4>K562>U937. The binding, which was directly related to cell growth suppression, was inhibited in the presence of Manα1-3(Manα1-6)Manβ1, and was reverted in underglycosylated NB4 cells. ArtinM interaction with NB4 cells induced cell death (IC50 = 10 µg/mL), as indicated by cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential unassociated with caspase activation or DNA fragmentation. Moreover, ArtinM treatment of NB4 cells strongly induced reactive oxygen species generation and autophagy, as indicated by the detection of acidic vesicular organelles in the treated cells. NB4 cell death was attributed to ArtinM recognition of the trimannosyl core of N-glycans containing a ß1,6-GlcNAc branch linked to α1,6-mannose. This modification correlated with higher levels of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V transcripts in NB4 cells than in K562 or U937 cells. Our results provide new insights into the potential of N-glycans containing a β1,6-GlcNAc branch linked to α1,6-mannose as a novel target for anti-leukemia treatment