AS REDES SOCIAIS DE APOIO NO CUIDADO ÀS PESSOAS COM ESTOMIAS: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223658347256Objetivo: conhecer e analisar a produção científica sobre as redes sociais de apoio no cuidado às pessoas com estomia. Método: Revisão bibliográfica, de abordagem qualitativa, com busca nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, usando como palavras-chave: “estomia”, “apoio” e “social”, sem recorte temporal. Resultados: A partir da análise de 11 artigos, emergiram as categorias: Apoio familiar; Apoio da associação e grupos de pessoas com estomias; e Apoio realizado pelo enfermeiro e outros profissionais da saúde. Os estudos qualitativos foram os mais frequentes e a produção científica de enfermagem numericamente pequena. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o conhecimento sobre a rede social de apoio é importante para o cuidado às pessoas com estomias.Descritores: Apoio social; Estomia; Enfermagem; Cuidados de enfermagem

Revelando benefícios do turismo rural comunitário: roteiro turístico Sabores e Saberes, Ajuricaba, RS

Rural tourism has been aimed as a development strategy associated with the generation of income and the appreciation of work, an essential factor of nature conservation and the strengthening the human social capital, through the relationships established in the interactions between receivers and visitors. In this context, the present research aims to analyze the benefits of rural tourism for sustainability and welfare based on the study of case Rota Rural Sabores e Saberes, in Ajuricaba city, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. This study has been collected from several sources, including the official disclosure of the “Associação de Turismo Rural Sabores e Saberes” on social networks, as well as on the official website of the City Hall, in addition to direct observation of the authors in the experience of visiting the Route. The results obtained show that the human social capital seems consolidated in the studied community, indicating an excellent vocation for the development of rural tourism. This relationship is notorious, experienced between those who visit and those who receive. It contributes to local, sustainable development, the exchange of knowledge, education, and welfare. Keywords: Agritourism. Rural development. Rural diversification. Associative experiences. Exchange of knowledge.El turismo rural viene siendo apuntado como una estrategia de desarrollo asociado a la generación de renta y la valorización del trabajo, así como un factor importante en la preservación de la naturaleza y el fortalecimiento del capital social humano, a través de las relaciones que se establecen en las interacciones entre receptores y visitantes. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los beneficios del turismo rural para la sostenibilidad y el buen vivir a partir del estudio de caso de la Ruta Rural Sabores & Saberes en el Municipio de Ajuricaba, en el Estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Los datos de este estudio fueron recogidos de diversas fuentes, incluida la divulgación oficial de la “Asociación de Turismo Rural Sabores & Saberes” en las redes sociales, así como en la página web oficial del Ayuntamiento, además de la observación directa de los autores en la experiencia de visitar la Ruta. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el capital social humano parece consolidado en la comunidad investigada, lo que indica que existe una gran vocación por el desarrollo del turismo rural. Es notorio que esta relación, vivida entre quienes visitan y quienes reciben, contribuye al desarrollo local sustentable, el intercambio de conocimientos, la educación y el buen vivir. Palabras clave: Agroturismo. Desarrollo Rural. Diversificación rural. Experiencias asociativas. Intercambio de conocimientos.O turismo rural tem sido apontado como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento associado à geração de renda e à valorização do trabalho em diversas comunidades, bem como um fator importante na preservação da natureza e no fortalecimento do capital social humano, por meio das relações estabelecidas nas interações entre receptores e visitantes. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os benefícios do turismo rural para a sustentabilidade e o bem viver com base no estudo de caso da Rota Rural Sabores & Saberes do Município de Ajuricaba, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados do referido estudo foram coletados de várias fontes, incluída a divulgação oficial da “Associação de Turismo Rural Sabores & Saberes” em redes sociais, bem como no site oficial da Prefeitura, além de observação direta dos autores em experiência de visita à Rota. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o capital social humano parece consolidado na comunidade pesquisada, indicando que há uma grande vocação desta para o desenvolvimento do turismo rural. É perceptível que esta relação, vivenciada entre quem visita e quem recebe, contribui para o desenvolvimento sustentável local, a troca de saberes, a educação e o bem viver. Palavras-chave: Agroturismo. Desenvolvimento rural. Diversificação rural. Experiências associativas. Troca de saberes

Diversidade de sistemas produtivos e sustentabilidade na agricultura

The development of agriculture takes place under different conditions leading to the emergence of different production systems. Due to that, it was carried out the agriculture diagnosis of the municipality of Chiapetta, RS. The evolution of agriculture, agroecological zoning, the characterization of production systems and the definition of strategic lines of development have been studied. Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted in production units during the second half of 2015 and first 2016. In addition, thematic maps and secondary data were also used. There is a wide disparity of access to land in the municipality, so there are many properties with small areas and some with large field areas. Agriculture has evolved into four periods, according to ecological, technical and socioeconomic facts. Soybean and corn crops predominate in the summer, and wheat and oats in the winter. In recent years, dairy production has become an important activity, especially for family farming. Twelve types of production systems and three special cases, which represent the technical and socioeconomic diversity of agriculture, were characterized. Among the various types, two are large employers, two are large family members, three are medium family members and five are small family members. Three emerging cases were identified, one small, one medium and one large family members. The priority actions to be developed should take into account  the types of family farmers, it means, those with low-yield grain production, family farmers with low-intensive milk production, and family farmers with high dependence on soybean, as they have difficulty in obtaining the level of standard minimum income. Keywords: Family Farming. Typology. Grain Production. Dairy Cattle.El desarrollo de la agricultura se lleva a cabo en diferentes condiciones, por lo que conduce a la aparición de múltiples sistemas productivos. Por lo tanto, se realizó el diagnóstico de agricultura en el municipio de Chiapetta, RS. Se estudió la evolución de la agricultura, la zonificación agroecológica, la caracterización de los sistemas de producción y la definición de líneas estratégicas de desarrollo. Cuarenta entrevistas semiestructuradas se llevaron a cabo con unidades de producción en el segundo semestre de 2015 y el primero de 2016. También se utilizaron mapas temáticos y datos secundarios. En el municipio, existe una gran disparidad en el acceso a la tierra, muchos agricultores con áreas pequeñas y algunos con áreas grandes. La agricultura ha evolucionado en cuatro períodos, de acuerdo con hechos ecológicos, técnicos y socioeconómicos. Los cultivos de soja y maíz predominan en el verano, y el trigo y la avena en el invierno. En los últimos años, la producción láctea se ha convertido en una actividad importante, principalmente para la agricultura familiar. Se caracterizaron 12 tipos de sistemas de producción y tres casos emergentes, que representan la diversidad técnica y socioeconómica de la agricultura. Entre los tipos, dos son grandes empleadores, dos son familiares de tamaño grande, tres son familiares tamaño mediano y cinco son son familiares de pequeno porte. Entre los casos emergentes, uno es son familiares de pequeno porte, una mediano y una grande. Entre las prioridades para las acciones se deben considerar los tipos de agricultores familiares con producción de granos a pequeña escala, agricultores familiares con producción de leche de baja intensidad y agricultores familiares que dependen en gran medida del cultivo de soja, ya que tienen dificultades para obtener el nivel de reproducción social. Palabras clave: Agricultura Familiar. Tipología. Producción de Granos. Ganado Lechero.O desenvolvimento da agricultura realiza-se sob condições diferenciadas, por isso leva ao surgimento de múltiplos sistemas produtivos. Diante disso, realizou-se o diagnóstico da agricultura do município de Chiapetta, RS.  Estudou-se a evolução da agricultura, o zoneamento agroecológico, a caracterização dos sistemas de produção e a definição de linhas estratégicas de desenvolvimento. Realizaram-se quarenta entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a unidades de produção no segundo semestre de 2015 e primeiro de 2016. Foram utilizados, também mapas temáticos e dados secundários. No município, existe ampla disparidade de acesso à terra, muitos agricultores com pouca área e alguns com áreas extensas. A agricultura evoluiu em quatro períodos, conforme os fatos ecológicos, técnicos e socioeconômicos. Predominam os cultivos de soja e milho no verão, e trigo e aveia no inverno. Nos últimos anos, a produção leiteira passou a ser uma atividade importante, principalmente, para a agricultura familiar. Foram caracterizados 12 tipos de sistemas de produção e três casos emergentes, que representam a diversidade técnica e socioeconômica da agricultura. Entre os tipos, dois são patronais de grande porte, dois são familiares de grande porte, três são familiares de médio porte e cinco são familiares de pequeno porte. Entre os casos emergentes, um é familiar pequeno, um médio e um grande porte. Entre, as prioridade de ações deveriam ser considerados os tipos de Agricultores Familiares com produção de grãos em baixa escala, Agricultores Familiares com produção de leite pouco intensiva e Agricultores Familiares que apresentam elevada dependência na cultura da soja, pois apresentam dificuldade de obter o nível de reprodução social. Palavras-chave: Agricultura Familiar. Tipologia. Produção de Grãos. Pecuária de Leite

AIMSurv: First pan-European harmonized surveillance of Aedes invasive mosquito species of relevance for human vector-borne diseases

Human and animal vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne diseases, are emerging or re-emerging worldwide. Six Aedes invasive mosquito (AIM) species were introduced to Europe since the 1970s: Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. koreicus, Ae. atropalpus and Ae. triseriatus. Here, we report the results of AIMSurv2020, the first pan-European surveillance effort for AIMs. Implemented by 42 volunteer teams from 24 countries. And presented in the form of a dataset named “AIMSurv Aedes Invasive Mosquito species harmonized surveillance in Europe. AIM-COST Action. Project ID: CA17108”. AIMSurv2020 harmonizes field surveillance methodologies for sampling different AIMs life stages, frequency and minimum length of sampling period, and data reporting. Data include minimum requirements for sample types and recommended requirements for those teams with more resources. Data are published as a Darwin Core archive in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility- Spain, comprising a core file with 19,130 records (EventID) and an occurrences file with 19,743 records (OccurrenceID). AIM species recorded in AIMSurv2020 were Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. koreicus, as well as native mosquito species

Olive Plantation Mapping on a Sub-Tree Scale with Object-Based Image Analysis of Multispectral UAV Data; Operational Potential in Tree Stress Monitoring

The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for mapping olive plantations on a sub-tree scale. For this purpose, multispectral imagery of an almost 60-ha plantation in Greece was acquired with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Objects smaller than the tree crown were produced with image segmentation. Three image features were indicated as optimum for discriminating olive trees from other objects in the plantation, in a rule-based classification algorithm. After limited manual corrections, the final output was validated by an overall accuracy of 93%. The overall processing chain can be considered as suitable for operational olive tree monitoring for potential stresses

Environmental factors influencing the prevalence of Culex mosquitoes: An ERA-Interim approach.

Mosquitoes of the genus Culex act as vectors for the transmission of West Nile Virus (WNV) infection in humans. The factors which determine the spatial and temporal distribution of WNV in Culex mosquitoes are not well understood. Studies have reported associations between environmental factors, such as temperature, precipitation and the prevalence of West Nile virus in Culex mosquitoes. We investigated the association between environmental factors and the quantitative presence of Culex mosquitoes in a WNV prevalent area to identify environmental factors which may create conditions that favour the proliferation of Culex mosquitoes and thus increase the risk of WNV infection in humans. We also explored climate variability effects. We analysed data on numbers of Culex mosquitoes from 11 traps distributed in a region of Northern Greece over the years 2011 – 2013, a period where WNV infections in humans were notified in Greece including that region. Time series of environmental data of temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, volumetric soil water layer, wind speed, and precipitation were determined utilising the ECMWF’s (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) -Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) approach as it is used in atmospheric sciences where observational data are sparse allowing for a homogeneous set of data in time and space. Employing a regression model we identified associations between the above variables and the population of Culex mosquitoes. A clear relationship between the mean value anomalies over the last 30 years, defining climate, of almost all variables and the abundance of Culex could be shown. Similar associations were identified when the mean values of the variables were regressed with the population of Culex mosquitoes of the period 2011-2013. However, these associations found to differ in the case of climate anomalies and absolute values. Utilising the ERA-Interim approach for the assessment of the effects of environmental factors on the abundance of Culex mosquitoes at a regional scale it could be shown that factors other than temperature and precipitation may also affect mosquito abundance. The methodology used to capture climate conditions in a more complete temporal and spatial manner represents a valuable alternative when detailed observations are sparse or lack quality.JRC.H.2-Air and Climat

West Nile Virus in <i>Culex</i> Mosquitoes in Central Macedonia, Greece, 2022

In 2022, Greece was the second most seriously affected European country in terms of the West Nile virus (WNV), after Italy. Specifically, Central Macedonia was the region with the most reported human cases (81.5%). In the present study, 30,816 female Culex pipiens sensu lato mosquitoes were collected from May to September 2022 in the seven regional units of Central Macedonia; they were then grouped into 690 pools and tested for WNV, while next-generation sequencing was applied to the samples, which showed a cycle threshold of Ct < 30 in a real-time RT-PCR test. WNV was detected in 5.9% of pools, with significant differences in the detection rate among regional units and months. It is of interest that in the Thessaloniki regional unit, where most of the human cases were observed, the virus circulation started earlier, peaked earlier, and lasted longer than in the other regional units. All sequences clustered into the Central European subclade of WNV lineage 2, and the virus strain differed from the initial Greek strain of 2010 by 0.52% and 0.27% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Signature substitutions were present, such as S73P and T157A in the prM and E structural proteins, respectively. The screening of mosquitoes provides useful information for virus circulation in a region with a potential for early warning, while the availability of whole-genome sequences is essential for further studies, including virus evolution

Population seroprevalence study after a West Nile virus lineage 2 epidemic, Greece, 2010.

INTRODUCTION: During summer 2010, 262 human cases including 35 deaths from West Nile virus (WNV) infection were reported from Central Macedonia, Greece. Evidence from mosquitoes, birds and blood donors demonstrated that the epidemic was caused by WNV lineage 2, which until recently was considered of low virulence. We conducted a household seroprevalence study to estimate the spread of infection in the population during the epidemic, ascertain the relationship of infection to clinical disease, and identify risk factors for infection. METHODS: We used a two-stage cluster design to select a random sample of residents aged ≥18 years in the outbreak epicentre. We collected demographic, medical, and risk factor data using standard questionnaires and environmental checklists, and tested serum samples for presence of WNV IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA. RESULTS: Overall, 723 individuals participated in the study, and 644 blood samples were available. Weighted seropositivity for IgG antibodies was 5.8% (95% CI: 3.8-8.6; n=41). We estimated that about 1 in 130 (1:141 to 1:124) infected individuals developed WNV neuroinvasive disease, and approximately 18% had clinical manifestations attributable to their infection. Risk factors for infection reflected high exposure to mosquitoes; rural residents were particularly at risk (prevalence ratio: 8.2, 95% CI: 1.1-58.7). DISCUSSION: This study adds to the evidence that WNV lineage 2 strains can cause significant illness, demonstrating ratios of infection to clinical disease similar to those found previously for WNV lineage 1

Prediction of Antioxidant Activity of Cherry Fruits from UAS Multispectral Imagery Using Machine Learning

In this research, a model for the estimation of antioxidant content in cherry fruits from multispectral imagery acquired from drones was developed, based on machine learning methods. For two consecutive cultivation years, the trees were sampled on different dates and then analysed for their fruits&rsquo; radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and Folin&ndash;Ciocalteu (FCR) reducing capacity. Multispectral images from unmanned aerial vehicles were acquired on the same dates with fruit sampling. Soil samples were collected throughout the study fields at the end of the season. Topographic, hydrographic and weather data also were included in modelling. First-year data were used for model-fitting, whereas second-year data for testing. Spatial autocorrelation tests indicated unbiased sampling and, moreover, allowed restriction of modelling input parameters to a smaller group. The optimum model employs 24 input variables resulting in a 6.74 root mean square error. Provided that soil profiles and other ancillary data are known in advance of the cultivation season, capturing drone images in critical growth phases, together with contemporary weather data, can support site- and time-specific harvesting. It could also support site-specific treatments (precision farming) for improving fruit quality in the long-term, with analogous marketing perspectives