Counseling of exclusive breastfeeding during antenatal care (ANC) and perceptions of insufficient milk supply

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Persepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI (PKA) adalah pikiran atau perasaan ibu terhadap kondisi ketiadaan atau berkurangnya produksi ASI sehingga ibu merasa bahwa ASI-nya tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayinya. PKA menjadi alasan utama ibu berhenti menyusui secara dini dan alasan untuk memberikan makanan tambahan lebih awal pada bayinya. Prevalensi PKA belum diketahui secara pasti, diperkirakan antara 30-80% dari ibu yang menyusui mempunyai PKA. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui faktor paling dominan dalam PKA. Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Cross Sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 71 sampel ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-6 bulan yang gagal menyusui secara eksklusif dikarenakan mengalami PKA. Hasil: Hasil analisis didapatkan sebanyak 59 (83,1%) ibu memiliki PKA dengan ASI yang cukup. Ada hubungan yang bermakna konseling ASI saat Antenatal Care (ANC) dengan PKA yang mempunyai ASI cukup, ibu yang tidak mendapatkan konseling saat ANC berpeluang 19,7 kali mempunyai PKA, p=0,012; OR=19,746 (CI 95% 1,926-202,456).Kesimpulan: Konseling ASI pada saat ANC yang berkualitas merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilaksanakan oleh petugas kesehatan untuk persiapan menyusui. Pemanfaatan “Temu wicara” dalam konsep 10 T dalam ANC perlu diefektifkan untuk membahas persiapan laktasi.KATA KUNCI: persepsi ketidakcukupan ASI; konseling ASIABSTRACT Background: Perceptions of Insufficient Milk Supply (PIM) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about the condition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milk is not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PIM was the main reason mothers stop breastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PIM is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers has PIM. Objectives: This study aimed to find out the most dominant factors related to PIM. Methods: Design of this study using cross-sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples of mothers with babies’ 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencing PIM. Results: Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PIM with enough milk. There is a significant correlation counseling exclusive breastfeeding during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PIM that has enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PIM, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456). Conclusion: Exclusive Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality does health personnel in preparation for breastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of “Gathering of speech” in the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation.KEYWORDS: exclusive breastfeeding, perceptions of insufficient milk suppl

Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Pra Hamil dan Kenaikan Berat Badan Ibu Selama Hamil Berhubungan dengan Berat Badan Bayi Lahir

Prepregnancy BMI (Body Mass Index) is used as a guide to the nutritional status of the mother before pregnancy and also determine the optimal weight gain in pregnancy. Meanwhile, weight gain during pregnancy is a decisive indicator of the nutritional status of the mother. This retrospective study design aimed to determine the relationship of pre-pregnant BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy with birth weight babies. The sample was 71 mothers with children aged 0-6 months were selected by purposive sampling. The results showed 67.6% most respondents in this study had pre-pregnant BMI normal and 62% of respondents experienced weight gain during pregnancy, according to the recommendations. There is a significant relationship between pre-pregnant BMI birth weight (p=0.006), as well as weight gain during pregnancy had no significant relationship with birth weight, with p=0.024

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Risiko terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita (0-59 Bulan) di Negara Berkembang dan Asia Tenggara

Stunting is a disorder of linear growth caused by chronic malnutrition. The short stature of under-fives is the cause of 2.2 million of all cause of under-five mortality worldwide. The purpose of this literature review was to analyze the effects of determinant risk factors on the incidence of stunting in children under-fives. The design of this study was a literature review. The articles selected were articles of correlation research using cross-sectional studies. The respondents were children with stunting aged 0-59 months. Inclusion criteria to select articles were studies on children with stunting, age 0-59 months, developing countries (including Southeast Asia), had growth chart, still had complete parents. The search process to exclude the articles used for this literature review using the PRISMA method.The results showed that nutritional status factors with birth weight <2,500 gram had a significant effect on the incidence of stunting in children and a risk of stunting of 3.82 times. Maternal education factors have a significant effect on the incidence stunting in children and have a risk of experiencing stunting 1.67 times. Low household income factors were identified as significant predictors of stunting in children under five by 2.1 times. Poor sanitation factors have a significant effect on the incidence of stunting in infants and have a risk of experiencing stunting by 5.0 times. The conclusion of this study is the lower birth weight (LBW), the level of maternal education, household income, and the lack of hygiene sanitation of the house, so the risk of a toddler being stunting is greater. Abstrak Stunting adalah gangguan pertumbuhan linier yang disebabkan kurang gizi yang berlangsung kronis. Keadaan gizi balita pendek menjadi penyebab 2,2 juta dari seluruh penyebab kematian balita di seluruh dunia. Tujuan dari review literatur ini adalah menganalisa efek dari faktor-faktor risiko determinan terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita. Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review. Artikel-artikel yang dipilih dengan search engine adalah artikel correlation research yang menggunakan study cross-sectional dengan respondennya adalah anak dengan stunting usia 0-59 bulan. Kriteria inklusi artikel yang dipilih adalah anak dengan stunting, berusia 0-59 bulan, wilayah negara berkembang (termasuk wilayah Asia Tenggara), memiliki KMS, masih memiliki orang tua lengkap. Proses pencarian hingga pengeksklusian artikel-artikel yang digunakan untuk review literatur ini menggunakan metode PRISMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor status gizi dengan berat badan lahir < 2.500 gram memiliki pengaruh secara bermakna terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak dan memiliki risiko mengalami stunting sebesar 3,82 kali. Faktor pendidikan ibu rendah memiliki pengaruh secara bermakna terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak dan memiliki risiko mengalami stunting sebanyak 1,67 kali. Faktor pendapatan rumah tangga yang rendah diidentifikasi sebagai predictor signifikan untuk stunting pada balita sebesar 2,1 kali. Faktor sanitasi yang tidak baik memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita dan memiliki risiko mengalami stunting hingga sebesar 5,0 kali. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah semakin rendahnya berat badan lahir (BBLR), tingkat pendidikan ibu, pendapatan rumah tangga, dan kurangnya hygiene sanitasi rumah maka risiko balita menjadi stunting semakin besar

Persepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI (PKA) Sebagai Salah Satu Faktor Kegagalan ASI Eksklusif

Pemberian ASI eksklusif 6 bulan dapat mengurangi risiko kematian pada bayi. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kegagalan pemberian ASI eksklusif, salah satunya yaitu Persepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI (PKA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara mendalam masalah kegagalan ASI dan hubungannya dengan pekerjaan dan pengetahuan terhadap keberhasilan ASI esklusif. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian “Intervensi Peningkatan ASI dan MPASI Dalam Rangka Penerapan Program 1000 HPK” dari PKGK UI di UPT Puskesmas Cipayung sejak bulan Juli 2016 sampai dengan Mei 2017. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh ibu menyusui di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Cipayung dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 169 ibu menyusui . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 51% alasan ibu gagal memberikan ASI eksklusif adalah karena persepsi ketidakcukupan ASI. Hasil penelitian bivariat menggunakan uji chi square menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dan pekerjaan (CI 95%: OR: 4,032: 3,083)

Effect of Pornography Exposure on Junior High School Teenagers of Pontianak in 2008

Adolescent is a vulnerable group in reproductive health area. This period is marked by strong desire to try and explorenew things. Pornography is a medium which can influence adolescent toward high risk sexual behaviour. The exposureto pornographic materials is a serious problem among adolescent since it could have negative impacts such as unwantedpregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV-AIDS. This cross-sectional study was conducted tounderstand various types of pornographic exposures, effects of pornographic exposure, and factors influence the effect.Study was conducted at five state junior high schools in Pontianak District in 2008 with 395 respondents fromDecember 2007 to January 2008. The result shows that 83.3 % adolescence has exposed to pornography and 79.5% ofthem had experienced the effects of pornographic exposure. 19.8% respondent who experienced the effects ofpornography was in the addiction stage. 69.2% respondent of those in addiction stage was in escalation stage. 61.1%respondent of escalation stage was in desensitization stage, and 31.8% respondent of desensitization was in act-outstage. Multivariate analysis shows that there were four variables that have significant relationship to the effect ofpornographic exposure, that is gender (male), grade at school (third), length of exposure (recent) and frequency ofexposure (often). The analysis also shown that the frequency of pornography (often) is the most dominant factor relatedto the effect of pornographic exposure among adolescence with Odds Ratio of 5.02 (95% CI: 1.39-18.09). It issuggested to provide information in a professional way and targeted to the right group; to improve preventive effortsthrough collaboration within school, and to study further as to align positively those in the act-out stage

Tracer Study : Melacak Jejak Lulusan FKM UI (Hasil Study Kualitatif Tracer Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat FKM UI 2006)

One important indicator of the success of higher education is the contribution of its alumni in the community and development. Tracer study provides infor- mation on alumni contribution and involvement in the community including working and employment dynamics. Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia (FPHUI) has conducted a quantitative tracer study in 2003 which informed selected aspects related to alumni and their existence in employment world. This study is a qualitative tracer study to complement the first tracer study and aimed at digging further information on learning experience in FPHUI, working experience, and alumni and user\u27s satisfaction on education in FPHUI. In-depth interviewed were conducted to 24 informants which divided into 4 groups of institution (government, private sector/industry, non government organization and higher education institutions). Subjects were traced in a multimode way and data was analyzed based on the study main theme. Study exhibits that field-based learning is perceived as the most important learning experience and soft-skill is highly appreciated and most relevant in the real work situation. The study also found that most users and alumni are satisfied with education in FPHUI

Study on Policy and Implementation of Exclusive and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the Ministry of Health has set an Exclusive Breast Feeding [EBF] target of 80%, which is considered asunrealistic, especially where the current trend of EBF is showing a decline. The aim of this paper is to review the implementation and the policy of EBF and Early Initiation of breastfeeding (EI) in Indonesia based on existing studies. The policy, as stated in Kepmenkes No. 237/1997, PP No. 69/1999, and Kepmenkes No. 450/2004, was analysed using content, context, process and actor models, and triangulated by an advocacy coalition framework. Review on implementation shows that EBF practice in Indonesia is still very low and midwives have not been facilitating EI optimally. Policies on EBF are not complete and not comprehensive. EI has not been included explicitly and several aspects of policy content should have been updated. The advocacy coalition framework analysis confirms the findings of earlier analysis by emphasizing weaknesses in the external system as well as policy sub-system in the development of EBF policy. It is suggested to update and renew the existing EBF policy as to be more relevant in terms of content, context, process, and actor. An EBF policy should always include an Early Initiation component. The new policy should also include sanction, reward, and monitoring and evaluation to strengthen the implementation of the policy in community

Milk Supplementation as a Potential Intervention for Overcoming Anemia and Chronic Energy Deficiency during Pregnancy

This study aimed to determine the effect of milk supplementation on Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and hemoglobin level in pregnant women. It is a quasi-experimental study conducted from May to August 2019. The sampling was done by purposive sampling, and 108 pregnant women were recruited and divided into two groups: intervention group and non-intervention group. The intervention group received Fe-fortified milk supplementation, and the non-intervention group received education on anemia prevention. Data were analyzed using paired t-test. The result was that providing milk supplementation to pregnant women for three months could significantly increase MUAC and prevent further decline in hemoglobin levels

Menuju Literasi Gizi: Komponen Pengetahuan Gizi pada Program Edukasi Gizi Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Nutrition knowledge is a fundamental base for determining attitude and practice in food choice. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of knowledge among elementary students. Analysis based on pre-test and post-test among elementary students who had been intervened by Gerakan Nusantara team. The intervention of nutrition education was held in 2014 to 2018 among 7113 selected elementary students in Indonesia. T-test of SPSS was used to analyze data. Standardization was held to determine the magnitude of change in each component of nutrition knowledge before and after nutrition education intervention. The result showed there was a significant change in nutrition knowledge after intervention p<0.05 from 2014 to 2018. The lowest magnitude of nutrition knowledge change was in 2014 (mean score=6.0±18.2). The lowest component of nutrition knowledge change was tumpeng balance nutrition guidelines dan and my plate food (mean score=2.3±1.4). This study showed that there was enhancement nutrition knowledge among students who were supported by their environment and the lowest magnitude of component knowledge was tumpeng balance nutrition guidelines dan and my plate food. The implementation of nutrition policy which was followed by effective media and method was necessary to be done to improve nutrition knowledge so that could affect attitude and practice among students

Gerakan Nusantara Program on Children’s Nutrition Practices

Gerakan Nusantara is a nutrition education program that aims to change the nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices of elementary school children in Indonesia. The program was implemented in 2015–2018 in Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Makassar, Medan, Yogyakarta, Pontianak, East Nusa Tenggara, Pekanbaru, Padang, Jambi, and Sorong. The present study sought to determine the effects of Gerakan Nusantara on the nutrition practices of school-aged children and describe the extent of changes in each nutrition practice component covered by the program. This study used secondary data on Nutrition and Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices studies collected from students participating in the program and involved 6132 school children. The seven nutrition practice components studied were consumption of staple foods, plant protein, animal protein, vegetables, and fruits; milk drinking; and exercise. Significant improvements in fruit consumption and exercise were noted in 2015; all variables improved in 2016; significant changes in the consumption of staple food and plant protein and exercise were recorded in 2017; and significant improvements in the consumption of vegetables, plant protein, and animal protein and milk drinking were noted in 2018. Significant differences in nutrition practices before and after program implementation were noted in each year. Overall, the results demonstrated that Gerakan Nusantara successfully improved the nutrition practices of elementary school children