Comparison of Molecular Dynamics with Hybrid Continuum-Molecular Dynamics for a Single Tethered Polymer in a Solvent

We compare a newly developed hybrid simulation method which combines classical molecular dynamics (MD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to a simulation consisting only of molecular dynamics. The hybrid code is composed of three regions: a classical MD region, a continuum domain where the dynamical equations are solved by standard CFD methods, and an overlap domain where transport information from the other two domains is exchanged. The exchange of information in the overlap region ensures that momentum, energy and mass are conserved. The validity of the hybrid code is demonstrated by studying a single polymer tethered to a hard wall immersed in explicit solvent and undergoing shear flow. In classical molecular dynamics simulation a great deal of computational time is devoted to simulating solvent molecules, although the solvent itself is of no direct interest. By contrast, the hybrid code simulates the polymer and surrounding solvent explicitly, whereas the solvent farther away from the polymer is modeled using a continuum description. In the hybrid simulations the MD domain is an open system whose number of particles is controlled to filter the perturbative density waves produced by the polymer motion.We compare conformational properties of the polymer in both simulations for various shear rates. In all cases polymer properties compare extremely well between the two simulation scenarios, thereby demonstrating that this hybrid method is a useful way to model a system with polymers and under nonzero flow conditions. There is also good agreement between the MD and hybrid schemes and experimental data on tethered DNA in flow. The computational cost of the hybrid protocol can be reduced to less than 6% of the cost of updating the MD forces, confirming the practical value of the method.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Unification of the relationship between university - business and state within the context and technological innovative educational process UMNG

El modelo de alianza estratégica entre Universidad, Empresa, Estado, permite visualizar la integración del establecimiento de un marco de actuación que conjugue las directrices institucionales a través de una red de procesos que interrelacione el estado, con las empresas y que promueva la competitividad entre la comunidad estudiantil e impacte en el desarrollo económico y social del país mediante una cultura de emprendimiento, innovación y vinculación de la competitividad y el desarrollo del país. Mediante este artículo se pretende dar a conocer por un lado los modelos de interacción que se están dando a nivel nacional, los mecanismos empleados para esto, la normatividad aplicable a este modelo y los avances que se han dado dentro de la Universidad que permita vislumbrar la interrelación de las políticas de la UMNG con el Estado y la Empresa, para el fomento del desarrollo de los tres agentes, base de la productividad y competitividad de las empresas, mediante el uso de mecanismos, como la Investigación, el Desarrollo y la Innovación, que permitan garantizar la competitividad de esta interrelación en el país en el largo plazo y asegurar que el crecimiento económico sea sostenible. El método empleado fue Descriptivo – Documental, cuya fuente de información fue la revisión que se realizó en fuentes secundarias de referencias bibliográficas sobre modelos de UEE, adicional a esto revisión del proyecto UEE en la UMNG que se está implementando dentro de la Universidad y datos estadísticos de los avances realizados respecto a la Proyección Social en el campo de convenios, pasantías entre otros. Por lo anterior, se ha demostrado tanto a Nivel Nacional como Internacional, que estos modelos han logrado el afianciamiento de alianzas estratégicas entre la Universidad con el Estado, otras instituciones educativas nacionales e internacionales, lo que ha permitido el desarrollo de proyectos productivos con impacto hacia la sociedad.The model of strategic alliance between University, Business, State, let’s see the establishment of an integration framework that combines institutional guidelines through a network of processes which correlates the state, with businesses and promote competitiveness between student community and impact the economic and social development through a culture of entrepreneurship, innovation and linking competitiveness and development. Through this article seeks to highlight the one hand interaction models that are occurring nationwide, the mechanisms used for this, the regulations applicable to this model and the advances that have occurred within the University that allows a glimpse of the interrelation of policies UMNG with the State and the Company, to promote the development of the three agents, based on productivity and competitiveness of enterprises, using mechanisms such as Research, Development and Innovation to guarantee the competitiveness of this relationship in the country in the long term and ensure that economic growth is sustainable. The method used was description - Documentary, whose source of information was the review conducted on secondary sources of references on UEE models, in addition to this review of the UMNG - UEE project is being implemented within the University and statistical data of progress regarding the Social Projection in the field of agreements, internships and more. Therefore, it has been show both nationally and internationally, that these models have achieved empowerment, strengthening of strategic partnerships between the University and the State, other national and international educational institutions, which has allowed the development of productive projects with affect to society

Comparison of the treatments with sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride on bone repair process in rats

El fluoruro (F) administrado como monofluorofosfato de sodio (MFP) o como fluoruro de sodio (NaF) estimula la proliferación de osteoblastos y el desarrollo óseo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con NaF y MFP sobre el proceso de reparación de un defecto óseo no crítico en ratas. Se produjo un defecto bilateral y monocortical óseo no crítico de 2 mm de diámetro en la epífisis proximal de la tibia de 18 ratas hembras adultas normales; los animales se dividieron en tres grupos que recibieron diariamente durante 30 días por sonda orogástrica: MFP (80 µmol MFP), NaF (80 µmol NaF) y control (agua). La fosfatasa alcalina plasmática se incrementó significativamente a lo largo del tratamiento en los grupos NaF y MFP. La DMO de la zona del defecto fue significativamente mayor en el grupo tratado con MFP a los 10 días de tratamiento. El estudio histológico de la zona del defecto indicó que, luego de 30 días de tratamiento, el hueso formado en presencia de MFP es de estructura laminillar sin la presencia de cartílago comparado con el grupo control. Conclusión: la administración de MFP favoreció la reparación reduciendo el tiempo de mineralización y aumentando la calidad del hueso neoformado.Fluoride (F) administered as monofluorophosphate (MFP) or sodium fluoride (NaF) has proliferative stimulus on osteoblasts. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the treatment with NaF and MFP on the reparation of a non-critical bone defect in rats. A bilateral and unicortical non-critical bone defect was performed in the proximal epiphysis of the tibia of 18 female rats which were then separated into three groups that received daily treatment for 30 days: MPF (80 µmol MFP), NaF (80 µmol NaF) and Control. Alkaline phosphatase significantly increased along the treatment in NaF and MFP. Bone mineral density in the defect area was higher in MFP at day 10 of treatment. Histological examination indicated that the new bone formed in the defect area was more organized in MFP compared to control group. We conclude that the treatment with MFP accelerate the process of reparation with better quality of the formed bone.Fil: Mejía Delgado, Sandra P.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Rigalli, Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Laboratorio de Biología Ósea; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Uso de la lingüística funcional y las teorías de género para promover visiones situadas de la escritura académica entre los docentes de inglés en preparación

RESUMEN: Este estudio reporta los resultados parciales de una investigación cualitativa que exploró los beneficios y retos que dos grupos de docentes de inglés en formación de una universidad en Medellín, Colombia, experimentaron para desarrollar una visión situada de la escritura académica a través de una unidad pedagógica diseñada con base en las teorías de género y la lingüística sistémica funcional. De acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, una de las principales ganancias estuvo relacionada con la comprensión de contexto, propósito y audiencia, y uno de los principales retos tuvo que ver con la dificultad de los docentes en formación de cambiar su visión de la gramática como un sistema de reglas fijas.ABSTRATC: This article reports partial results of a qualitative study which explored the gains and challenges encountered by two groups of English as a foreign language pre-service teachers from a public university in Medellin, Colombia, in developing a situated view of academic writing through a systemic functional genre-based instructional unit. The unit was part of a written communications course and used an approach called the teaching-learning cycle. Results from the study suggest that one of the main gains was related to pre-service teachers’ emerging understanding of context, purpose, and audience. One of the main challenges concerned pre-service teachers’ difficulty with shifting their former views of grammar as a fixed system of rules

Escape Room: A Competency Validation Approach

Purpose: The purpose of the implemented initiative is to enhance annual competencies of clinical staff in the medical/surgical areas through innovative validation methods. Methods: Clinical Nurse Educator’s (CNE’s) identified a need for change with annual competencies for clinical staff. The educators brainstormed new concepts for creating competencies. In collaboration with the Unit Based Practice Council (UBPC), a learning needs assessment was conducted in each of four medical-surgical units. As a result, unit-based competencies were identified. By using a teamwork approach, the concept of an escape room activity was adapted and tailored to meet the needs of competency validation. A set up of different competency skill stations were designed separately for both Registered Nurses (RNs) and Clinical Partners (CPs). Groups of 6 to 8 staff participated and completed the activity within a one and a half hour time frame. A pretest and post test were conducted to measure knowledge before and after completion of the activity and an evaluation form was completed by all staff. Findings: A total number of 120 RNs and 45 CPs were able to complete the activity in a total of 29 and 10 sessions respectively. All sessions were provided in a period of 4 months. By the end of each session, RNs completed twelve and CPs completed five competencies. There was a significant improvement from pre to post test. The pretest average scores measuring knowledge for the RNs were only 50% and posttest increased to 91%. Additionally, the CPs pretest average scores were 42% and posttest increased to 92%. Staff evaluations determined a 100% satisfaction rate with the activity in which the main statements denoted innovation as the reason for such contentment. Discussion: Clinical Nurse Educators still face challenges with incorporating learning that is joyful, meaningful, and still effective for the staff. In trying to develop innovative ways of measuring competency of clinical staff in the medical-surgical areas, the nurse educators explored ways to include non-traditional strategies for engaging the team through active learning. The nurse educators searched for modalities to demonstrate competency, improve nurse satisfaction, bridge the generational gaps of the staff, while saving cost associated with annual education. The escape room competency validation approach proved to be a successful method. It was a strategy through which staff demonstrated skill proficiency and teamwork in an entertaining setting. By the end of the activity staff felt glad that they were not only able to show competency in their role, but also reinforce current knowledge. All staff expressed motivation and desire to complete the activity again in the future. Implications for Practice: Staff competency is essential to provide adequate care to patients. Validating staff’s ability to perform skills within their role has traditionally been designed based on staff’s lack of proficiency in performing a designated skill. Although these skills are evaluated on a set frequency basis, completing this process has brought dissatisfaction. Clinical nurse educators need to find new learning strategies to engage active learning all while increasing the level of competency. The escape room proved to be one strategy that did increase competency and overall satisfaction and may positively reflect an improvement of clinical outcomes

El juzgamiento de graves violaciones de derechos humanos a la luz de la ley 975 de 2005

El presente trabajo es un acercamiento al procedimiento, delitos y penas juzgados en el marco jurídico de la ley de justicia y paz, en especial del juzgamiento de aquellas graves violaciones a los derechos humanos, cometidas por los grupos ilegales en Colombia, cuyas penas oscilan entre los 5 y 8 años de prisión, consideradas como penas generosas por la comisión de delitos graves bajo el requisito de la confesió

E-Dates: Enhancing Competency of Novice/Advanced Beginner RNs

Discussion: With the current nursing shortage it is found that experienced nurses are limited in number, and healthcare systems use new graduates to help fill the gap (Blevins & Millen, 2016). In 2015, an increase in novice/advanced beginner nurses was identified in the medical/surgical areas. The 2015 physician satisfaction survey scores showed that the physicians’ perception of nurses’ competency decreased. An initiative for improvement aimed to improve communication, critical thinking and decision making of novice nurses was implemented. Purpose: The purpose of the implemented initiative was to improve physician and peer satisfaction of working with clinically competent nurses by improving communication, critical thinking and decision making of novice advanced/beginner nurses in the acute med-ical surgical area. Methods: Clinical Nurse Educator’s (CNE’s) identified Novice/Advance Beginner Nurses in their departments. Meetings were planned on a 1:1 basis with the CNE’s and the identi-fied nurses on the respective units. They called the sessions Educational Dates, or “E-Dates”. A tool for documentation during the E-dates was developed. During these E-dates the CNE shadowed the identified nurses for intervals of two to three hours in two separate occa-sions. During these E-dates the CNE would assessed on the areas of hand off report, patient assessment, documentation, medication administration and communication. As opportuni-ties for improving critical thinking were identified the CNE addressed findings with the nurses and encouraged nurses to reflect on the experience. Findings: The implementation of the E-Dates by the CNE in the acute med-surg areas im-proved the communication, critical thinking and decision making of the novice advanced/beginner nurses. The result was an increase in physician and peer satisfaction improving the interprofessional relationships valued by our organization

Optimum training programme during pregnancy to prevent gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: a systematic review

Gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia are hypertensive disorders which are the world’s leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality. Currently, evidences support the benefit of moderate physical exercise (PE) during uncomplicated pregnancies in the prevention of HTG and pre-eclampsia. However, there is no evidence on which kind of training is more effective for its prevention. The aim of this study was to analyze which kind of exercise, duration of the intervention and session, frequency and intensity produce the greatest benefits in the prevention of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia in women with uncomplicated pregnancies. An exhaustive search of PubMed and Web of Science was carried out until October 21, 2020. From 705 studies found, we analyzed 14 original full-text intervention articles in English or Spanish, with a PE program in pregnant women without complications, evaluating BP and including in their methodology, at least, frequency, duration, intensity, or kind of exercise. Exercise training in healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies reduces the incidence of HTG and preeclampsia. The program with most benefits is concurrent training combined with flexibility, with a minimum duration of 29 weeks, from the 8th-9th gestational week to 36, but can be extended until the end of pregnancy. It’s recommended to get to a training frequency equal to or greater than 3 days a week, with sessions at 50-70% of the maximum heart rate and 10-14 on the Borg Scale, and a duration of 45 and 60 minutes per session