Afectividad positiva y salud

Positive affectivity has always been associated with health, and it is said that there is a direct connection between the two. In fact, it is believed that the development of feelings and positive emotions plays a preventive role as far as illness is concerned, that is to say, it helps protect our health. The aim of this text is to ascertain the relationship between both concepts, based on various theoretical postulates of the Psychology of Emotions. One of the main results is the confirmation of the hypothesis which states that there is a close relationship between the concepts. Many authors believe that in this attitude and the in way we react to stimuli around us, we will be able to find the origin of future emotional disorders or psychosomatic illnesses.Clásicamente se ha relacionado la afectividad positiva con la salud, y se intuye que hay una conexión directa entre ambas. De hecho, se cree que el desarrollo de sentimientos y emociones positivas ejerce un papel preventivo respecto a la enfermedad; o lo que es lo mismo, actúa como factor protector de la salud. En este texto se pretende explorar la relación entre ambos conceptos a través de diversos postulados teóricos de la Psicología de las emociones. Como resultados principales destaca la confirmación de la hipótesis que apunta a una íntima relación entre estos dos aspectos. Muchos autores consideran que en la actitud o forma de reaccionar ante los estímulos que nos rodean, está la clave o el origen de los que posteriormente llegará a convertirse en trastornos afectivos o enfermedades psicosomáticas si no son tratados correctament

Afectividad positiva y salud

RESUMEN Clásicamente se ha relacionado la afectividad positiva con la salud, y se intuye que hay una conexión directa entre ambas. De hecho, se cree que el desarrollo de sentimientos y emociones positivas ejerce un papel preventivo respecto a la enfermedad; o lo que es lo mismo, actúa como factor protector de la salud. En este texto se pretende explorar la relación entre ambos conceptos a través de diversos postulados teóricos de la Psicología de las emociones. Como resultados principales destaca la confirmación de la hipótesis que apunta a una íntima relación entre estos dos aspectos. Muchos autores consideran que en la actitud o forma de reaccionar ante los estímulos que nos rodean, está la clave o el origen de lo que posteriormente llegará a convertirse en trastornos afectivos o enfermedades psicosomáticas si no son tratados correctamente ABSTRACT Positive affectivity has always been associated with health, and it is said that there is a direct connection between the two. In fact, it is believed that the development of feelings and positive emotions plays a preventive role as far as illness is concerned, that is to say, it helps protect our health. The aim of this text is to ascertain the relationship between both concepts, based on various theoretical postulates of the Psychology of Emotions. One of the main results is the confirmation of the hypothesis which states that there is a close relationship between the concepts. Many authors believe that in this attitude and the in way we react to stimuli around us, we will be able to find the origin of future emotional disorders or psychosomatic illnesses

Teorías y modelos en la práctica enfermera. ¿Un binomio imposible?

Introduction: In the last few decades, Spanish Nursing has suffered several changes that have contributed to a lesser or greater extent to the development of this discipline. However, today there is still a barrier that hinders and delays this development: the equation consisting of theory and practice. Development of the subject. There are several factors which influence the feedback between these two elements and have an impact on the growth that nursing itself undergoes. Nowadays, we are in a period of inflection in which it is necessary to combine both aspects with a dual objective: to put into daily practice the current theoretical models which are available and to base the clinical decisions on scientific evidence which can support our proceedings. Moreover, it is intended that nursing uses its own corpus of knowledge to learn and profit from it in order to develop in all its areas. Conclusions: Nowadays, nursing is immersed in a complex process of conceptualization of its own discipline. There is a wide range of possibilities which must inevitably be accompanied by the acceptance of certain challenges for which individuals must be trained.Introducción. En las últimas décadas la Enfermería española ha sufrido numerosos cambios que han contribuido en mayor o menor medida al desarrollo de la disciplina. No obstante sigue existiendo en la actualidad una barrera que dificulta y retrasa este desarrollo: la ecuación compuesta por teoría y práctica.Desarrollo del tema. Son diversos los factores que influyen en la retroalimentación entre estos dos elementos, y que repercuten en el crecimiento que experimenta la propia Enfermería. Estamos en la actualidad en un periodo de inflexión en el que es necesario imbricar de una forma efectiva estas dos vertientes, y todo ello con un doble objetivo: aplicar a la práctica diaria los modelos teóricos existentes y disponibles, y fundamentar las decisiones clínicas en evidencias científicas que respalden nuestras actuaciones. Con todo ello se pretende que la Enfermería utilice su corpus propio de conocimientos y sea capaz de nutrirse y de aprovecharlos para su desarrollo en todos sus ámbitos competenciales.Conclusiones: En estos momentos la Enfermería se halla inmersa en un complejo proceso de reconceptualización de la propia disciplina, y se abre un abanico de posibilidades que deberán ir acompañadas inevitablemente de la asunción de ciertos desafíos para los cuales será necesario estar correctamente formados

A cardiopatia isquêmica na mulher

Nowadays, Coronary Diseases (CDs) represent the main mortality cause in men and women, but there are gender differences regarding their presentation, progression and the way the disease is tackled. This study mainly focuses on reviewing literature about the CD and its gender approach. The authors carried out a search of texts that use qualitative methodology, published between 2003 and 2009 in the following databases: PUBMED, IME, CUIDEN and CINAHL. Factors that hinder the early diagnosis of Ischemic Heart Disease in women are identified as the main findings, and the possible consequences are pointed out. In the fifty-six texts that were selected initially, we can see the difficulty women face to recognize early symptoms of the CD and their low risk perception of this disease. Greater awareness on Ischemic Heart Disease is needed, so that the high morbidity and mortality rates can be reduced.Las Enfermedades Coronarias (EC) suponen la principal causa de mortalidad en el sexo femenino y masculino, pero existen diferencias de género en aspectos como la presentación, evolución o el abordaje de la enfermedad. Este trabajo se centra principalmente en revisar la literatura sobre la EC y el enfoque de género. Los autores han realizado una búsqueda de artículos que utilizan metodología cualitativa publicados entre 2003 y 2009 en las bases de datos PUBMED, IME, CUIDEN y CINAHL. Como hallazgos principales se identifican los factores que dificultan el diagnóstico precoz de la cardiopatía isquémica en la mujer, y se apuntan las posibles consecuencias que puede comportar. En los 56 textos seleccionados, inicialmente se evidencia la dificultad de la mujer para reconocer los síntomas iniciales de EC, así como la baja percepción de riesgo sobre dicha enfermedad. Es necesaria una mayor concienciación sobre la CI con la finalidad de reducir las altas cifras de morbimortalidad.As doenças coronárias (DC) são o principal motivo de mortalidade no sexo feminino e masculino. Existem diferenças de gênero na apresentação, na evolução e na maneira como a doença é abordada. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal revisar a literatura sobre a DC e o seu enfoque de gênero. Os autores pesquisaram diferentes textos caracterizados por uma abordagem qualitativa, publicados entre 2003 e 2009, nas bases de dados PubMed, IME, CUIDEN e CINAHL. Como principais resultados são identificados os fatores que dificultam o diagnóstico precoce da doença isquêmica nas mulheres, e as possíveis consequências desse diagnóstico tardio são apontadas. Nos 56 textos selecionados, inicialmente mostra-se a dificuldade da mulher relacionada ao reconhecimento dos primeiros sintomas da doença coronária, e a baixa percepção do risco dessa doença. É necessária maior sensibilização sobre a cardiopatia isquêmica (CI), para se reduzir o elevado índice de morbidade e mortalidade

Previous knowledge of women in coronary heart disease: A phenomenological study

Introducción: La enfermedad coronaria posee unas características distintas en función del sexo en su presentación, diagnóstico o abordaje terapéutico. Objetivo: explorar los conocimientos previos que posee la mujer sobre la enfermedad coronaria. Metodología: Diseño cualitativo basado en la Fenomenología, en una muestra de 17 mujeres que padecían Cardiopatía Isquémica. La recogida de datos mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el método de Giorgi. Resultados: Destacan un déficit de conocimientos previos sobre la enfermedad y el menosprecio de los síntomas iniciales. Conclusión: Existe un déficit de conocimientos previos por parte de la mujer sobre su enfermedad coronaria.Introduction: The coronary heart disease has different characteristics according to gender in aspects such as its presentation, diagnostic or therapeutic approach. Objective: to know the previous knowledge that women have as far as the coronary disease is concerned. Method: Phenomenological qualitative study in 17 women who suffered Ischemic Heart Disease. Data collection performed by means of semistructured interview. The Giorgi method was used to carry out this analysis. Results: The results prove a lack of previous knowledge and a contempt of the initial symptoms. Conclusion: There is a lack of previous knowledge in women on his coronary heart disease

Importancia de la enfermera escolar en la detección de la neoplasia testicular

En este artículo planteamos una revisión de la literatura en diferentes bases de datos (CINAHL, CUIDEN, MEDLINE) con el fin de valorar la importancia de la neoplasia testicular en la adolescencia y el papel fundamental del profesional de enfermería, concretamente de la enfermera escolar, en la detección precoz de esta patología. Una vez analizado el tema y tras tomar conciencia de la importancia de enseñar prácticas de autoexploración testicular correctas, se ha concluido que la enfermera escolar no debe desarrollar únicamente una actividad asistencial, sino que entre sus funciones se debe contemplar la promoción de la salud y la prevención del cáncer testicular. Dentro del proceso educador, y como fomento de hábitos higiénicos en el adolescente, planteamos dadas las características de presentación de la neoplasia testicular la realización de talleres en los que se instruya a los jóvenes en la autoexploración testicular y la necesidad de realizar una técnica correcta, con el fin de fomentar la adquisición de hábitos de autoexploración testicular al igual que se hace en las mujeres para detectar precozmente la patología mamari

Construction and assessment of the psychometric properties of a test for measuring vocation in nursing students

El objetivo principal fue diseñar e implementar un instrumento para valorar la vocación en estudiantes de Enfermería. Posteriormente se analizaron las características psicométricas principales del test y se comprobó si existían diferencias significativas en función del sexo o de la sede en la que cursaban sus estudios los alumnos. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal que se llevó a cabo en dos sedes de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir (UCV) entre los meses de febrero y junio de 2016. La población objeto de estudio fueron los estudiantes de primer curso de Enfermería de la UCV, y la muestra final la constituyeron 97 alumnos de un total de 300 que están matriculados en primer curso. El muestreo fue intencionado. Resultados y conclusiones: El alfa del total de la muestra ha sido de 0,751, valor que puede ser considerado aceptable, junto con el resto de estadísticos valorados, por lo que el test diseñado resulta útil para valorar la vocación en estudiantes de Enfermería.The main objective was to design and implement a tool for assessing the vocation in nursing students. The main psychometric characteristics of the test were subsequently analyzed and checked whether there were significant differences by gender or headquarters in which students were studying. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in two locations of the School of Nursing at the Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr (UCV). The study population were first-year students of Nursing UCV, and the final sample of the students were a total of 97 students from a total of 300 who are enrolled in the first year. Sampling was intentional. Results and conclusion: Alpha of the total sample was 0,751, a value that can be considered acceptable, along with the rest of statistical valued so useful test designed to assess the vocation in nursing students.Enfermerí

La Balia (1999). Una visión de las nodrizas en los albores del Siglo XX

La película La Balia (1999) nos permite reflexionar sobre la importancia histórica de la figura de las nodrizas en el período entre los siglos XIX y XX. Una figura normalizada en la época y que permitió por una parte a las mujeres donantes tener un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento de sus familias, y por la otra permitió la superviviencia de niños gracias a la alimentación con leche materna. Summary The film La Balia allows us to reflect on th historical significance of the figure of the wet nurses in the period between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A standardized set the time and allowed for some women donors have a key role in the maintenance of their families, and the other allowed the survival of children through breast feedin

Reporting of Workplace Violence Towards Nurses in 5 European Countries - A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: This study aimed to assess country-specific evidence of physical and non-physical acts of workplace violence towards nurses working in the health sector in 5 European countries, and then to identify reasons for not reporting violence experienced at work. Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 participating countries (Poland, the Catch Republic, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, and Spain). All registered nurses working in selected healthcare settings for at least 1 year were invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire adapted from the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Countly Case Study -Questionnaire, developed jointly by the International Labour Office, the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organization and Public Services International, was used. The selection of healthcare settings and the distribution of the questionnaire were conducted according to the recommendations of the questionnaire authors. Results: In total, 1089 nurses submitted completed questionnaires which could be included in the study. Of these, 54% stated that they had been exposed to non-physical violence and 20% had been exposed to physical violent acts. A total of 15% of the surveyed nurses experienced both forms of workplace violence. In addition, 18% of the respondents confirmed having witnessed physical violence in their workplace. The most common perpetrators were patients and patients' relatives. In about 70% of these cases, no actions were taken after the act of violence to investigate its causes. About half of the study group did not report workplace violence as they believed it was useless or not important. The most common consequences of workplace violence included being superalert or watchful and on guard. Conclusions: Nurses internationally are both victims of and witnesses to workplace violence. Workplace violence is often seen by nurses as an occupational hazard and, as such, it remains not reported. The first step in preventing workplace violence is not only to acknowledge its existence but also to ensure the appropriate reporting of violent acts

Fear of Falling Score Is a Predictor of Falls in Community-Dwelling Pre-Frail and Frail Older People

Identifying frail older people at risk of falling is a priority in order to apply preventive strategies. This cross-sectional study included community-dwelling pre-frail and frail people (Fried’s criteria) aged 70 years and older to assess the prevalence of falls and identify screening strategies based on comprehensive geriatric assessments to detect an increased risk of falling and recurrent falling in community-dwelling frail and pre-frail old people. Of the 229 participants, 121 (54.9%) had fallen in the previous 12 months, and 20 of these (16.5%) were recurrent fallers (≥2 falls). A score of 20 points or more on the Falls Efficacy Scale International was predictive of falling (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.74, p < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 51.7% and a specificity of 73.9%. Polypharmacy, Short Physical Performance Battery score of 8 points or less, and Falls Efficacy Scale International score of 20 points or more show an area under the curve of 0.78 (95% confidence interval: 0.67–0.89, p < 0.001) for recurrent falling.Medicin