Inbreeding in modified ear-to-row selection in maize

The corrected calculation of inbreeding in mass selection was shown in a previous paper; inbreeding in modified ear-to-row selection was calculated in that paper with the uncorrected equation. In the present paper, inbreeding is calculated for the modified ear-to-row selection method using the corrected equation. Establishing a detassel¬ing plot is the second phase of the aforementioned method. Inbreeding values were quite small; inbreeding was about 6% in selection cycle 100. The reason behind widespread use of modified ear-to-row selection may be smaller inbreeding values

Factores de riesgo obstétricos relacionados con sepsis neonatal temprana atendidos en el departamento de neonatología. hospital Belén - Trujillo 2011- 2013

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de determinar si el número de Tactos vaginales, la ruptura prematura de membranas, y la preeclampsia, son factores de riesgo obstétricos para sepsis neonatal temprana atendidos en el Departamento de Neonatología. Hospital Belén-Trujillo en el período 2011 – 2013; fue un estudio Observacional, analítico retrospectivo de casos y controles y se encuentra los siguientes resultados: El número de Tactos vaginales de 5 a más, y la ruptura prematura de membranas, son factores de riesgo obstétricos para sepsis neonatal temprana. La incidencia acumulada de sepsis neonatal temprana en recién nacidos a término fue de 19%. El porcentaje de ruptura prematura de membranas fue de 15.2% en recién nacidos con sepsis neonatal y 2.5% para el grupo control, siendo el OR= 8.18 (altamente significativo), convirtiéndose en un factor de riesgo para sepsis neonatal temprana. El porcentaje de número de tactos vaginales de 5 a más fue de 25.9 % siendo el OR= 4.60 (altamente significativo) por lo que es un factor de riesgo para sepsis neonatal temprana. El porcentaje de preeclampsia fue de 1.9% para los casos y 1.3 % para el grupo control y el OR = 1.52, por lo que no es un factor de riesgo para sepsis neonatal registrados en el Departamento de Neonatología. Hospital Belén- Trujillo en el período de estudio 2011 – 2013.The present study was conducted to determine if the number of vaginal examinations, premature rupture of membranes, and preeclampsia are obstetric risk factors for early neonatal sepsis treated at the Department of Neonatology. Belén Hospital -Trujillo in the period 2011 - 2013; was a retrospective observational analytical case-control study and found the following results: The number of vaginal Touches 5 more, and premature rupture of membranes, are obstetric risk factors for early neonatal sepsis. The cumulative incidence of early neonatal sepsis in term infants was 19%. The percentage of premature rupture of membranes was 15.2% in newborns with neonatal sepsis and 2.5% for the control group, the OR = 8.18 (highly significant), becoming a risk factor for early neonatal sepsis. The percentage of number of vaginal examinations 5 and older was 25.9% and the OR = 4.60 (highly significant) so it is a risk factor for early neonatal sepsis. The percentage of preeclampsia was 1.9% for cases and 1.3% for the control and the group OR = 1.52, so it is not a risk factor for neonatal sepsis registered with the Department of Neonatology. Belén Hospital -Trujillo in the study period 2011-2013

Dual refractive index and viscosity sensing using polymeric nanofibers optical structures

Porous materials have demonstrated to be ideal candidates for the creation of optical sensors with very high sensitivities. This is due both to the possibility of infiltrating the target substances into them and to their notable surface-to-volume ratio that provides a larger biosensing area. Among porous structures, polymeric nanofibers (NFs) layers fabricated by electrospinning have emerged as a very promising alternative for the creation of low-cost and easy-to-produce high performance optical sensors, for example, based on Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometers. However, the sensing performance of these polymeric NFs sensors is limited by the low refractive index contrast between the NFs porous structure and the target medium when performing in-liquid sensing experiments, which determines a very low amplitude of the FP interference fringes appearing in the spectrum. This problem has been solved with the deposition of a thin metal layer (∼ 3 nm) over the NFs sensing layer. We have successfully used these metal-coated FP NFs sensors to perform several real-time and in-flow refractive index sensing experiments. From these sensing experiments, we have also determined that the sponge-like structure of the NFs layer suffers an expansion/compression process that is dependent of the viscosity of the analyzed sample, what thus gives the possibility to perform a simultaneous dual sensing of refractive index and viscosity of a fluid

Propuesta de análisis y diseño de muros de contención en La zona 3 de la asociación urbanizadora ciudad de Dios en Arequipa

El presente trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional titulada: “Propuesta de Análisis y Diseño de Muros de Contención en La Zona 3 de La asociación urbanizadora Ciudad de Dios en Arequipa”, surgió de la necesidad de mejorar las zonas vulnerables y en riesgo que vive la población del distrito de Yura en la provincia y departamento de Arequipa. La cual posee un crecimiento poblacional en la zona, sumado al desplazamiento sísmico, existen áreas expuestas donde se ubican las viviendas, presentando importantes peligros de daños materiales, incluso humanos. Por estas razones expuestas, se realizó la Propuesta de Análisis y Diseño de Muros de Contención para la estabilidad de los en base a dos tipos de muros de contención como el de gravedad y en voladizo basados en las normas peruanas vigentes. Dando como resultado un total de 40 m de estructura compartimentada y una altura de muro varían de 4 a 9 m. Además, se consideró el estudio topográfico para división, exploración de suelo, tomando los principales valores, tipo de arena GM del suelo según clasificación SUCS, el ángulo de fricción interna fue de 32.39°, peso unitario del suelo fue de 2 100 kgf/m3, cuyos procesos fueron el predimensionamiento inicial, análisis estructural para la obtención de fuerzas y momentos. Finalmente, la verificación de los factores de seguridad al volteo y deslizamientos que se realizaron a través de los métodos clásicos fueron FSD = 1.73 y FSV = 2.21, que fueron mayor a lo indicado por la Norma E 050 de Suelos y Cimentaciones cuyos valores son FSV = 1.50 y CV FSD = 1.50. Se concluye que los valores obtenidos optimizan y dan mayor confiabilidad con el método Mononobe-okabe en comparación con otros método

Influence of Saturation and Geometry on Surface Electrical Resistivity Measurements

Non-destructive tests are the future for early concrete deterioration detection. The interest in surface electrical resistivity as for the quality control of concrete structures has increased in the last several years. A standardized laboratory method has recently been adopted as AASHTO TP 95-11 and an ASTM method is under consideration. Both these methods measure surface resistance by a Wenner four-electrode probe device, in which the electrodes are equally spaced on the surface of saturated concrete elements. Currently, the standardized method is restricted to laboratory specimens. For this method to be applicable to field measurements requires first to identify how much time a concrete element needs to reach saturation and how reliable resistivity values are under different saturation stages. Phase one of this research investigated the duration of saturation required to achieve stable resistivity for 20 mixture designs at a range of ages. It was generally determined that resistivity varies until 24 hours. Past that duration, some increases in surface resistivity were observed and attributed to further hydration. In the field, concrete elements are generally large and the assumptions of infinite geometry hold. Lab specimens, on the other hand, have a constricted flow of electrical current. In Phase two, the influences of geometry and saturation fluid were examined. It was found that using published geometrical conversion factors did not result in equivalent surface resistivity between cylinders and small slabs or for cylinders of different sizes, suggesting more work required in this area. The use of tap water was investigated as it would be more available on site; it was found that at 28 days, there were minimal differences between tap water and limewater. At later ages, limewater generally resulted in higher resistivity. Phase Three investigated published temperature corrections to adjust site measured resistivity to standard temperature. Regardless of the correction, significant difference was observed between the site and laboratory measurements. Lastly in Phase four, two alternate techniques were tested for potential on site use. It was found that neither resulted in any significant changes in resistivity

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of ENDURUNS Project:Autonomous Marine Vehicles

The autonomous marine vehicles development has a grow demand by offshore industries. The multiple facilities implemented in this environment requires the evolution of this devices for several task as survey, maintenance or monitorization. The technology complexity of this devices requires great efforts in economics and resources to innovate. In this line, the ENDURUNS project purposes to design an autonomous marine system capable to performance a long endurance during the missions due to the employment of renewable energies for its vehicles. The evaluation of the project life cycle represents an important task for the project management. In this article, it is exposed the three different project life cycle aspects. The aspect analyzed are the social life cycle assessment, the life cycle cost and the life cycle assessment. It has been applied the corresponding standards in the European context to develop each methodology and to obtain the results. Thus, this work brings an approach about the environment, economic and social impact of this project. The results presented from this study can be considered for practitioners for future research in marine mobility field, due to the sustainability characteristics of the project analyzed

Eye drop Self-medication: Comparative Questionnaire-based study of two Latin American cities.

A broad spectrum of ocular symptoms are treated by self-medication with commercial eye-drops.  This behavior threatens individuals' visual health. In Latin America, evidence is poor. Objective:  To  detect,  characterize  and  compare  patterns  of  ophthalmic  self-medication  between  Córdoba (Argentina) and Barranquilla (Colombia).Design:  Analytic, cross-sectional and comparative population-based study. Setting: Two private tertiary care ophthalmology centers from Córdoba, Argentina, and Barranquilla, Colombia.Participants:  Patients 18 years of age or older who consulted for the first time in this two institutions duringAugust-November 2009, were included. A number of 570 patients were enrrolled.Methods:  Data collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. Main outcome measure: To determine thefrequency of self-medication with eyedrops on a specific population of two cities in Latin America.Results:  Comparable  rates  of  ocular  self-medication  were  found  (25.6%  and  25.7%  for  Cordoba  and Barranquilla, respectively). The percentage of men and women who self-medicated was not significantly different between both samples. The major source of eye drops recommendation in the Argentineans patients was the pharmacist (31%); while the social source was predominant in Colombian individuals (53%). In Cordoba, the most frequently used product was a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drop in combination with a vasoconstrictive agent (32%); while in Barranquilla, antibiotic eye drops were preferred (33%). Self-medication was higher between the ages of 31 and 50 years old in Argentinean citizens (28%) and between 18 to 31 years old in the Colombiancommunity (39%). This habit was found mostly in patients who completed university studies in Cordoba (33%); in Barranquilla, individuals with lower educational level practice more this behavior (36%).Conclusion:  In both populations, patients commonly treat ocular conditions by self-medicating. Currently, anincreasing number of eye drops are obtainable without prescription and a high percentage of self-medicated patients in both samples ignore the possible side effects of the used medication.Fil: Marquez, Gabriel. Fundación VER; ArgentinaFil: Hildegard Piñeros-Heilbron. Fundación Oftalmológica del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Sanchez, Victoria M.. Fundación VER; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Victor Eduardo Roque. Fundación VER; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Gramajo, Ana L.. Fundación VER; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Claudio P.. Fundación VER; Argentina. Fundación Oftalmológica del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Peña, Fernando. Fundación Oftalmológica del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Luna, José D.. Fundación VER; Argentin

Formation and Control of Fluidic Species

This invention generally relates to systems and methods for the formation and/or control of fluidic species, and articles produced by such systems and methods. In some cases, the invention involves unique fluid channels, systems, controls, and/or restrictions, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the invention allows fluidic streams (which can be continuous or discontinuous, i.e., droplets) to be formed and/or combined, at a variety of scales, including microfluidic scales. In one set of embodiments, a fluidic stream may be produced from a channel, where a cross-sectional dimension of the fluidic stream is smaller than that of the channel, for example, through the use of structural elements, other fluids, and/or applied external fields, etc. In some cases, a Taylor cone may be produced. In another set of embodiments, a fluidic stream may be manipulated in some fashion, for example, to create tubes (which may be hollow or solid), droplets, nested tubes or droplets, arrays of tubes or droplets, meshes of tubes, etc. In some cases, droplets produced using certain embodiments of the invention may be charged or substantially charged, which may allow their further manipulation, for instance, using applied external fields. Non-limiting examples of such manipulations include producing charged droplets, coalescing droplets (especially at the microscale), synchronizing droplet formation, aligning molecules within the droplet, etc. In some cases, the droplets and/or the fluidic streams may include colloids, cells, therapeutic agents, and the like