Calidad de atención y satisfacción en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, 2019

El presente trabajo de tesis, titulado “Calidad de atención y Satisfacción en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, 2019”, ha sido realizado con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre la calidad de atención y la satisfacción en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados. El presente estudio fue elaborado a partir de un enfoque cuantitativo de investigación, contando con un diseño no experimental – transversal. El tamaño muestral fue de 70 evaluados, siendo los evaluados familiares de pacientes que se encuentran hospitalizados en la institución. La recolección de datos fue realizada a través de la aplicación de encuestas. Para ello se utilizó el “Cuestionario para calidad de atención”, instrumento conformado por un total de 30 ítems, diseñado para evaluar los componentes “técnico”, “interpersonal” y “confort”. Asimismo, se utilizó un cuestionario para evaluar la Satisfacción en Familiares, instrumento conformado por un total de 9 ítems. La información recogida a través de ambos instrumentos fue procesada con el paquete estadístico SPSS en su versión 25. Con respecto a los resultados de esta investigación, a nivel descriptivo, en cuanto a la Calidad de Atención, se encontró una predominancia de evaluados categorizados en un nivel “medio” tanto para el componente Técnico (62.86%), Interpersonal (85.71%) y Confort (75.71%), así como para la puntuación total (75.71%). En cuanto a la variable Satisfacción, se pudo apreciar una predominancia de niveles categorizados como “medio” tanto para las dimensiones Información (65.71 %), Calidez humana y confort (74.29%), Capacidad técnica y científica (70.00%), Oportunidad de prestación de servicios 82.86%), así como para la puntuación total de la Satisfacción (98.57%). Por otro lado, a nivel inferencial, se encontraron correlaciones positivas y estadísticamente significativas entre ambas variables y sus respectivas dimensiones. Se concluye que existe relación la Calidad de Atención y Satisfacción en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, 2019

Genome evolution in three species of cactophilic drosophila

We report genomes of two species of cactophilic Drosophila: Drosophila arizonae and D. navojoa. These two are the closest relatives of D. mojavensis, forming the D. mojavensis cluster. D. mojavensis and D. arizonae diverged from D. navojoa ∼5.8 Mya, while the split between D. arizonae and D. mojavensis is more recent, at 1.5 Mya. Together the three genomes provide opportunities to examine genomic changes associated with speciation and host shifts in this ecologically defined group of flies. The three species are also separated by fixed inversion differences in three of their six chromosomes. While the levels of nucleotide divergence in the colinear chromosomes are significantly lower than in the inverted chromosomes, consistent with a past role of the inversions in preventing gene flow, the patterns differ among the inverted chromosomes when the locations of nucleotides inside or outside of the inversions are considered. For Muller element E, there is greater divergence external to the inversion breakpoints. For Muller A, the divergence is slightly higher inside the inversions, while for Muller B, the breakpoints and hence the difference in substitutions in relation to the inversions could not be determined. The differences among the inverted chromosomes, especially once the breakpoints are clearly established, could aid in dating the origins of the inversions

Biopolymers from Waste Biomass — Extraction, Modification and Ulterior Uses

The residues coming from woodlands and agricultural exploitation constitute the most abundant biomass available on earth. Its importance as a source of renewable energy has grown in addition to the environmental impact. Biomass waste is a lignocellulosic feedstock which contains three main biopolymers: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It could be utilized for the production of a number of value-added products due to their chemical composition, but it is necessary to efficiently recover the valuable biopolymer as intact as possible by different processing techniques.For different applications, the principal objective of pre-treatment is to keep the cellulose intact, meanwhile hemicellulose and lignin are removed. The yields of the fractions depend on the pre-treatment method, which is the most expensive step in biomass conversion. Traditionally, cellulose is obtained by kraft, sulphite and soda treatments. These methods are non-environmentally friendly and generate huge quantities of toxic wastes. Recently developed models considering the environmental laws encourage the sustainable processing of biomass into value-added products. The use of ionic liquids as new solvents for biomass waste and organosolv processes is reviewed, which are used to obtain cellulose. One of the possible applications of cellulose is membrane synthesis, which has been reported for other biomass materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, mango seed and newspaper. In this chapter, some green pre-treatment methods, different sustainable routes for cellulose modification and some of the results obtained on membrane development based on waste biomass are discussed

Relación entre la fuerza prensil y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en jóvenes universitarios

Introduction: cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a set of alterations that compromise the function of the heart and the different blood vessels that make up the cardiovascular system. Objective: to determine the relationship between prehensile strength and markers of cardiovascular risk in university students. Methods: observational, descriptive and correlational study with 159 apparently healthy university students >18 years of age. Sociodemographic variables were identified with respect to sex and age. Also, we determined the weight, height, abdominal circumference, hip and waist/hip ratio, glucose levels, anxiety, depression, smoking, physical activity and sedentary levels. The Ruffier Dickson test was applied taking into account the values of heart rate, dyspnea and perceived fatigue, pre and post test, and heart rate after 1 minute after the end of the test. Results: this study was attended by 159 participants, (H:35.8% M:64.2%), where we can determine that 33.33 % of men and 50.98 % of women have a perimeter high risk abdominal and 64.91 % men and 95.09 % women a high risk hip circumference. On the other hand, the nutritional status indicates that 4.4 % of the subjects were underweight, 30.2 % were overweight and 17 % were obese. In contrast, 2.52 % of the participants had a blood pressure above the normal cuts at rest according to the AHA, and 35.2 % had fasting glucose levels above 99 mg/dl. Conclusions: there is no significant evidence between prehensile strength and markers of cardiovascular risk in the young adult population.Introducción: las enfermedades cardio-vasculares (ECV) representan un conjunto de alteraciones que comprometen la función del corazón y los diferentes vasos sanguíneos que conforman el sistema cardiovascular. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la fuerza prensil y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en jóvenes universitarios. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y correlacional con 159 estudiantes universitarios aparentemente sanos >18 años de edad. Se identificaron variables socio-demográficas respecto al sexo y la edad. También se determinó peso, talla, circunferencia abdominal, cadera y la relación cintura/cadera, niveles de glucosa, ansiedad, depresión, tabaquismo, actividad física y niveles sedentarismo. Se aplicó el test de Ruffier Dickson teniendo en cuenta los valores de frecuencia cardiaca, disnea y fatiga percibida, pre y post test, y frecuencia cardiaca posterior a 1 minuto de finalizar el test. Resultados: participaron 159 participantes, (H:35,8% M: 64,2%), donde se personas, de las que el 33,33 % de los hombres y el 50,98 % de las mujeres tienen un perímetro abdominal de alto riesgo y el 64,91 % de hombres y 95,09 % de mujeres una circunferencia de cadera de alto riesgo. Por otro lado, el estado nutricional indica que el 4,4 % de los sujetos tenía infrapeso, 30,2 % sobrepeso y 17 % obesidad. En contraste, un 2,52 % de los participantes tuvieron una presión arterial por encima de los cortes normales en estado de reposo según la AHA, y 35,2 % tuvieron niveles de glucosa en ayunas por encima de 99 mg/dl. Conclusión: no existe evidencia significativa entre la fuerza prensil y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en población adulta joven

Biofabrication of functional protein nanoparticles through simple His-tag engineering

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICWe have developed a simple, robust, and fully transversal approach for thea-la-cartefabrication of functional multimeric nanoparticles with potential biomedical applications, validated here by a set of diverse and unrelated polypeptides. The proposed concept is based on the controlled coordination between Znions and His residues in His-tagged proteins. This approach results in a spontaneous and reproducible protein assembly as nanoscale oligomers that keep the original functionalities of the protein building blocks. The assembly of these materials is not linked to particular polypeptide features, and it is based on an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach. The resulting nanoparticles, with dimensions ranging between 10 and 15 nm, are regular in size, are architecturally stable, are fully functional, and serve as intermediates in a more complex assembly process, resulting in the formation of microscale protein materials. Since most of the recombinant proteins produced by biochemical and biotechnological industries and intended for biomedical research are His-tagged, the green biofabrication procedure proposed here can be straightforwardly applied to a huge spectrum of protein species for their conversion into their respective nanostructured formats

Bacterial Diversity and the Geochemical Landscape in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico

Marine sediments are an example of one of the most complex microbial habitats. These bacterial communities play an important role in several biogeochemical cycles in the marine ecosystem. In particular, the Gulf of Mexico has a ubiquitous concentration of hydrocarbons in its sediments, representing a very interesting niche to explore. Additionally, the Mexican government has opened its oil industry, offering several exploration and production blocks in shallow and deep water in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico (swGoM), from which there are no public results of conducted studies. Given the higher risk of large-scale oil spills, the design of contingency plans and mitigation activities before oil exploitation is of growing concern. Therefore, a bacterial taxonomic baseline profile is crucial to understanding the impact of any eventual oil spill. Here, we show a genus level taxonomic profile to elucidate the bacterial baseline, pointing out richness and relative abundance, as well as relationships with 79 abiotic parameters, in an area encompassing ∼150,000 km2, including a region where the exploitation of new oil wells has already been authorized. Our results describe for the first time the bacterial landscape of the swGoM, establishing a bacterial baseline “core” of 450 genera for marine sediments in this region. We can also differentiate bacterial populations from shallow and deep zones of the swGoM based on their community structure. Shallow sediments have been chronically exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons, unlike deep zones. Our results reveal that the bacterial community structure is particularly enriched with hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the shallow zone, where a greater aromatic hydrocarbon concentration was determined. Differences in the bacterial communities in the swGoM were also observed through a comprehensive comparative analysis relative to various marine sediment sequencing projects, including sampled sites from the Deep Water Horizon oil spill. This study in the swGoM provides clues to the bacterial population adaptation to the ubiquitous presence of hydrocarbons and reveals organisms such as Thioprofundum bacteria with potential applications in ecological surveillance. This resource will allow us to differentiate between natural conditions and alterations generated by oil extraction activities, which, in turn, enables us to assess the environmental impact of such activities

Babesia duncani multi-omics identifies virulence factors and drug targets

Babesiosis is a malaria-like disease in humans and animals that is caused by Babesia species, which are tick-transmitted apicomplexan pathogens. Babesia duncani causes severe to lethal infection in humans, but despite the risk that this parasite poses as an emerging pathogen, little is known about its biology, metabolic requirements or pathogenesis. Unlike other apicomplexan parasites that infect red blood cells, B. duncani can be continuously cultured in vitro in human erythrocytes and can infect mice resulting in fulminant babesiosis and death. We report comprehensive, detailed molecular, genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses to gain insights into the biology of B. duncani. We completed the assembly, 3D structure and annotation of its nuclear genome, and analysed its transcriptomic and epigenetics profiles during its asexual life cycle stages in human erythrocytes. We used RNA-seq data to produce an atlas of parasite metabolism during its intraerythrocytic life cycle. Characterization of the B. duncani genome, epigenome and transcriptome identified classes of candidate virulence factors, antigens for diagnosis of active infection and several attractive drug targets. Furthermore, metabolic reconstitutions from genome annotation and in vitro efficacy studies identified antifolates, pyrimethamine and WR-99210 as potent inhibitors of B. duncani to establish a pipeline of small molecules that could be developed as effective therapies for the treatment of human babesiosis.We thank R. Gao for her contribution to the initial eforts to sequence the B. duncani genome. C.B.M.’s research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AI097218, GM110506, AI123321 and R43AI136118), the Steven and Alexandra Cohen Foundation (Lyme 62 2020), and the Global Lyme Alliance. S.L.’s research was supported by grants by the US National Science Foundation (IIS 1814359) and the National Institutes of Health (1R01AI169543-01). K.G.L.R.’s research was supported by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI136511, R01 AI142743-01 and R21 AI142506-01), the University of California, Riverside (NIFA-Hatch-225935) and the Health Institute Carlos III (PI20CIII/00037).S

Planeación, gobernanza y sustentabilidad Retos y desafíos desde el enfoque territorial

Frente a la compleja realidad actual, resulta ineludible el desarrollo de la investigación científica de los fenómenos y procesos urbanos, territoriales y ambientales, que contribuya a su comprensión y la construcción de alternativas de solución a los retos y desafíos vigentes. En este contexto, el abordaje de las ciudades y regiones metropolitanas, el ordenamiento del territorio y la ocupación del espacio, así como la relación sociedad-naturaleza y la complejidad ambiental, precisa la generación de metodologías y procesos de investigación multi e inter disciplinarios que contribuyan a la comprensión de los procesos socioterritoriales, el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y la conservación ambiental.Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Calidad Educativa PFCE-2016 proyecto K0313101