EMU and macroeconomic shocks: some evidence on Spanish regions

According to the Theory of Optimal Currency Areas, one of the main costs that EMU may entail for countries and regions belonging in it is the loss of monetary autonomy at the country level. In fact, the scenario brought about by the single currency does not allow for domestic policy adjustments (i.e a change in the exchange rate or a specific monetary measure) in response to shocks. The importance of this cost, in turn, is related to the nature of shocks impinging over the different countries and regions that encompass the eurozone. If the probability that countries and regions suffer the same sort of shock is large, then a common policy designed by the ECB will have beneficial effects on the whole eurozone. Instead, if regions or countries are likely to be exposed to different kinds of shocks, then the common monetary policy will benefit some areas in detriment of others. To address this issue empirically, this paper focuses in the analysis of the shocks that have hit the Spanish regions in the recent past. In particular, we want to identify the kind of shocks that have been suffered by the Spanish regions in the last decades, distinguishing several categories: symmetric versus asymmetric, persistent versus transitory and demand shocks versus supply shocks. By symmetric shocks we understand those that have similar impact on all regions. Permanent shocks are those characterised by side effects that do not vanish in the short run. An example of a demand shock is a change in consumers' preferences, whereas a supply shock is typically a modification in the price of a raw material. We examine the behaviour of GAV and prices for 17 Spanish regions over the period 1955-97. In particular, we write a baseline model in the form of the state-of-spaces, in order to be able to apply the Kalman filter. Main conclusions are as follows: first, and employing the assumption that common shocks are tantamount to symmetric shocks, it seems that, in most cases, the shocks that have affected the Spanish regions have been mostly symmetric, while asymmetric shocks have been more sparse. Second, empirical results suggest that the effects of these shocks have been, generally speaking, persistent rather than transitory. Finally, the estimation suggests that supply shocks have been slightly more frequent that demand shocks. The policy implications of these results are that the lack of monetary autonomy and the loss of the exchange rate as adjustment mechanisms may not be very onerous. The common monetary policy implemented by the ECB will probably have similar effects on all Spanish regions. Therefore, the danger of an increase in regional disparities via this channel do not seem to be very severe.

The 1D Hubbard model within the Composite Operator Method

Although effective for two dimensional (2D) systems, some approximations may fail in describing the properties of one-dimensional (1D) models, which belong to a different universality class. In this paper, we analyze the adequacy of the Composite Operator Method (COM), which provides a good description of many features of 2D strongly correlated systems, in grasping the physics of 1D models. To this purpose, the 1D Hubbard model is studied within the framework of the COM by considering a two-pole approximation and a paramagnetic ground state. The local, thermodynamic and single-particle properties, the correlation functions and susceptibilities are calculated in the case of half filling and arbitrary filling. The results are compared with those obtained by the Bethe Ansatz (BA) as well as by other numerical and analytical techniques. The advantages and limitations of the method are analyzed in detail.Comment: 19 RevTeX pages, 41 embedded eps figure

Conciencia y Realidad en la Obra de Arte

Conciencia y Realidad en la Obra de Art

Calidad del servicio de agua potable y su relación con la satisfacción en usuarios domésticos del distrito de Imperial, 2021

El objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue determinar si existe relación entre la calidad del servicio de agua potable y la satisfacción en los usuarios domésticos del Distrito de Imperial, Cañete, 2021, para ello, se ha aplicado un tipo de investigación con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo explicativo y aplicada con un diseño no experimental transversal correlacional entre las variables. La muestra estuvo conformada por un total de 137 usuarios domésticos obtenidas a través de un muestreo aleatorio y estratificado aplicados a una población total de 7 943 usuarios domésticos del Distrito de Imperial, a quienes se aplicaron dos cuestionarios con respecto a la calidad del servicio y satisfacción en usuarios los cuales contenían 24 y 20 preguntas cerradas respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que, existe relación directa y significativa entre ambas variables puesto que se obtuvo un valor de 0.813 del índice de Correlación de Pearson con una relación de significancia de 0.00, el cual es menor el valor de la estadística de referencia el cual es de 0.01, por lo que se puede determinar que hay una gestión aceptable en la prestación del servicio de agua potable brindada por la empresa prestadora y que genera una buena percepción entre sus usuarios domésticos en el distrito de Imperial, Cañete

Gestión por competencias y motivación en el servicio de voluntarios en una iglesia evangélica, Ilo, 2023

En las vivencias de iglesia y de su gestionamiento se presentan situaciones que implican poder evaluar la forma cómo se viene realizando el trabajo específico de anunciar el Evangelio y formar comunidad; por eso, el objetivo general fue determinar la relación entre la gestión por competencias y la motivación en el servicio de voluntarios en una iglesia evangélica, Ilo, 2023. En el aspecto metodológico fue un estudio aplicado, cuantitativo y con diseño descriptivo correlacional; contó con una población muestral conformada por 45 fieles voluntarios, a ellos se les aplicaron dos cuestionarios, uno por variable, que fueron preparados por el investigador y que fueron sometidos a confiabilidad, por Alfa de Cronbach, y a validez por juicio de expertos. La contrastación de las hipótesis se realizó aplicando el Rho de Spearman. Con la sistematización de los resultados se arribó a la conclusión de que existe una relación significativa y directa entre la gestión por competencias y la motivación en el servicio de voluntarios de una iglesia evangélica, Ilo, 2023; esto está respaldado por la aplicación del Rho de Spearman cuyo coeficiente fue de 0,486 y una p<0,01, por lo que se rechazó la hipótesis nula y se aceptó la hipótesis alternativa

VELOXDFS: ELASTIC BLOCKS IN DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS FOR BIG DATA FRAMEWORKS

Department of Computer Science and EngineeringBig data processing and storage has grown into one of the most important aspects of distributed computing in the last years. Much of the effort in this area goes into sophisticated algorithms and architectures which provides a small leap to a more efficient big data system. This works explores a novel idea in which by modifying a simple component found in most of the distributed systems it leads to a significant improvement of the overall performance of the underline system which is often blind to this modification. This small component is file partitioning, and it plays a crucial role in the division of the workload for a distributed job into small working units. This work proposes a different view of file partitioning which separates partitions of a file into conventional simple blocks to a more sophisticated system in which those blocks can change its size at running time and consequently been able to adjust the amount of input of each of the working units in the distributed job. The implications that this technique unleashes are enormous since it can be virtually plugged to any distributed system and improve its system utilization and performance. In this research we plug our proposed file partitioning system in one the most used data processing system of our time, Apache Hadoop. Coincidentally, this thesis also presents a novel distributed file system named VeloxDFS which im- plements elastic blocks among other remarkable features and can be used as a substitute of the Apache Hadoop Distributed File System.clos

Auto-tooling to Bridge the Concrete and Abstract Syntax of Complex Textual Modeling Languages

This thesis contributes to improving support for complex textual modeling languages. This support refers to the automatic generation of tools for the end user -- e.g. parsers, editors, views, etc. -- and (parts of) the standard specifications defined to describe the languages -- e.g. the Object Management Group open specifications for varied modeling languages. The particular subset of languages considered in the thesis are textual, model-based and complex. They are considered textual when their concrete syntax is textual, in particular, defined by a grammar. They are considered model-based when their abstract syntax is defined by a meta-model. They are considered complex when there is a significant gap between the concrete and abstract syntax of the language; in other words, when the abstract syntax meta-model cannot directly be derived or inferred from the concrete syntax grammar. The contributions of this thesis address the problem of bridging the concrete and abstract syntax of complex textual modeling languages. In particular, the contributions include (a) a gap analysis of the limitations of related work; (b) a domain-specific transformation language for defining and executing concrete syntax to abstract syntax bridges; (c) an experimental evaluation of the proposed solution including studies to compare with related work. Existing related work presents different issues when working on complex textual modeling languages. Either sufficient automatic tooling generation is not provided (Gra2Mol), or model-based languages are not appropriately supported (Spoofax), or complex gaps between the concrete and abstract syntax cannot be bridged (Xtext). This thesis identifies the different concerns that arise when bridging the concrete and abstract syntax of complex textual modeling languages. In addition, some limitations of relevant related work are shown. With the aim of addressing these identified concerns a new approach is proposed, showing how these concerns are particularly addressed. Specifically, the proposed approach consists of complementing relevant related work (Xtext) with a novel domain-specific transformation language to declare bridges between the concrete syntax and abstract syntax of complex textual modeling languages. The domain-specific transformation language is the main contribution of this thesis and is evaluated by means of qualitative and quantitative studies. Subject to the presented examples, the conducted experiments show that the proposed approach brings measurable benefits -- in terms of size of specification artefacts and execution time of the underlying implementation -- when compared to the state-of-the-art

Evolution in Islands: contrasting morph frequencies in damselfly populations of the Balearic Islands

Colour polymorphism is an example of visible phenotypic variability that is often associated with ecological factors and may produce local adaptations. Small populations, particularly in islands, offer opportunities for evolutionary novelties, and are therefore of particular interest to the study of polymorphisms. Here we study the dynamics of female colour morphs in the damselfly Ischnura elegans in the Balearic Islands. We found that insular populations are small, show low density, low mating activity, and low androchrome frequency. Our surveys suggest that male harassment is a powerful force in the dynamics of this female-limited polymorphism, because high male densities result in lower presence of mature females around the water, where copulation takes place. Non-male-like (infuscans) females have higher mating frequency. Androchromes were rare (15%) in all populations, but the frequency of the two non-male like females (infuscans and aurantiaca) was reversed between islands, despite their geographical proximity. We found a possible novel morph, suggesting that insular conditions allow innovations. Fitness differences between the two non-male-like females of I. elegans are still understudied, because most previous research has concentrated on the maintenance of androchromes, and are therefore a priority for future research.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PGC2018-096656-B-I00Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Guided accumulation of active particles by topological design of a second-order skin effect

Collective guidance of out-of-equilibrium systems without using external fields is a challenge of paramount importance in active matter, ranging from bacterial colonies to swarms of self-propelled particles. Designing strategies to guide active matter and exploiting enhanced diffusion associated to its motion will provide insights for application from sensing, drug delivery to water remediation. However, achieving directed motion without breaking detailed balance, for example by asymmetric topographical patterning, is challenging. Here we engineer a two-dimensional periodic topographical design with detailed balance in its unit cell where we observe spontaneous particle edge guidance and corner accumulation of self-propelled particles. This emergent behaviour is guaranteed by a second-order non-Hermitian skin effect, a topologically robust non-equilibrium phenomenon, that we use to dynamically break detailed balance. Our stochastic circuit model predicts, without fitting parameters, how guidance and accumulation can be controlled and enhanced by design: a device guides particles more efficiently if the topological invariant characterizing it is non-zero. Our work establishes a fruitful bridge between active and topological matter, and our design principles offer a blueprint to design devices that display spontaneous, robust and predictable guided motion and accumulation, guaranteed by out-of-equilibrium topology