The politics of autocratic survival in Equatorial Guinea: co-optation, restrictive institutional rules, repression, and international projection

Equatorial Guinea is not only one of the world’s most authoritarian regimes but also a striking case of regime and leader survival. This small, oil-rich state and personalist regime defies conventional wisdom because it is both far more resilient and faces far fewer threats from within the regime and from opposition political parties than other resource-rich states. But how does the regime manage to survive? This study argues that four key mechanisms interact to explain Equatorial Guinea’s record of authoritarian survival. Firstly, co-optation (via patronage, party, and cabinet appointments) which President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo and the regime party—Partido democrático de guinea ecuatorial—have used to build internal cohesion and fragment opposition. Secondly, the crafting of restrictive institutional rules (party and electoral laws) that, combined with informal rules, aim to protect the regime’s interests and make participation in political opposition more costly. Thirdly, the use of (selective and diffuse) repression to shield the regime and shrink the living space of challengers. Finally, the regime’s international linkages and projection to gain credibility and offset pressure for change. We argue that autocrats’ survival depends on their ability to play a strategic two-level game: domestic and international.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

O Cultivo do mamão.

Para o cultivo do mamoeiro e recomendado um conjunto de técnicas que viabiliza a exploração comercial desta cultura, contendo informações sobre programação e plantio, adubação, tratos culturais, controle de pragas e doenças, métodos de colheita e pós-colheita, formas de utilização, bem como os coeficientes técnicos e custo de produção para implantação da cultura.bitstream/item/81287/1/o-cultivo-do-mamao-Nilton-Sanches-Circular-Tecnica-34-1999.pd

Disordered Bose Einstein Condensates with Interaction in One Dimension

We study the effects of random scatterers on the ground state of the one-dimensional Lieb-Liniger model of interacting bosons on the unit interval in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime. We prove that Bose Einstein condensation survives even a strong random potential with a high density of scatterers. The character of the wave function of the condensate, however, depends in an essential way on the interplay between randomness and the strength of the two-body interaction. For low density of scatterers or strong interactions the wave function extends over the whole interval. High density of scatterers and weak interaction, on the other hand, leads to localization of the wave function in a fragmented subset of the interval

As sucessões carbonáticas neoproterozóicas do Cráton do São Francisco e os depósitos de fosfato: correlações e fosfogênese

Neoproterozoic Carbonate Sequences of the São Francisco Craton and the Phosphate Deposits: Correlation and Phosphogenesis. The neoproterozoic carbonate successions of the São Francisco craton are formed by thick carbonate and siliciclastic strata accumulated in epicontinental seaways, and on passive margins. At least two transgressive-regressive sea level cycles have been recognized during the evolution of the carbonate mega-sequences. These successions, represented by the Vazante, Bambuí, and Una Groups, lie above basal glacio-marine diamictites of probable Sturtian age, and an upper glacio-marine diamictite, was observed in upper units of the Vazante Group. The broad similarities of lithofacies, as well as the presence of phosphate and sulfide (Zn,Pb) deposits restricted to narrow stratigraphic intervals, suggest that the Vazante, Bambuí and Una Groups may be correlative. The Sr isotope data from well preserved carbonates and carbonate fluorapatite from each of these successions, ranging from 0.70763 to 0.70794, support the general correlation and are indicative of seawater composition around 650 Ma, although the lower 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.70614 at the Vazante carbonates may suggest that this unit is older than the Bambuí and Una carbonate rocks. Carbon isotope data of carbonate fluorapatite reveal sharp negative excursions between -3.47 and -12.25‰ VPDB in the cratonic area, and between -1.3 and -9.61‰ VPDB in the carbonate fluorapatite hosted by the passive margin Vazante carbonates, suggesting that primary P concentration was accumulated in strong anoxic environments in both geotectonic settings. Carbonate hosting the phosphate deposits in these units are moderately enriched in 13C, ranging from positive δ13C values of +2.0 and +9.6‰ VPDB in the different sections. Primary phosphate accumulations occur above glaciogenic successions. We suggest that these concentrations may be due to high organic productivity after glacial events

Glomerular filtration is reduced by high tidal volume ventilation in an in vivo healthy rat model

Mechanical ventilation has been associated with organ failure in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The present study examines the effects of tidal volume (V T) on renal function using two V T values (8 and 27 mL/kg) in anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated male Wistar rats. Animals were randomized into two groups of 6 rats each: V T8 (V T, 8 mL/kg; 61.50 ± 0.92 breaths/min; positive end-expiratory pressure, 3.0 cmH2O; peak airway pressure (PAW), 11.8 ± 2.0 cmH2O), and V T27 (V T, 27 mL/kg; 33.60 ± 1.56 breaths/min; positive end-expiratory pressure, none, and PAW, 22.7 ± 4.0 cmH2O). Throughout the experiment, mean PAW remained comparable between the two groups (6.33 ± 0.21 vs 6.50 ± 0.22 cmH2O). For rats in the V T27 group, inulin clearance (mL·min-1·body weight-1) decreased acutely after 60 min of mechanical ventilation and even more significantly after 90 min, compared with baseline values (0.60 ± 0.05 and 0.45 ± 0.05 vs 0.95 ± 0.07; P < 0.001), although there were no differences between groups in mean arterial pressure or gasometric variables. In the V T8 group, inulin clearance at 120 min of mechanical ventilation remained unchanged in relation to baseline values (0.72 ± 0.03 vs 0.80 ± 0.05). The V T8 and V T27 groups did not differ in terms of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (3.97 ± 0.27 vs 4.02 ± 0.45 nmol/mL) or endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (94.25 ± 2.75 vs 96.25 ± 2.39%). Our results show that glomerular filtration is acutely affected by high tidal volume ventilation but do not provide information about the mechanism

Controle biológico da cochonilha do abacaxi Dysmicoccus brevipes pelo uso do fungo entomopatogênico Beauveria bassiana.

A cochonilha Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) se constitui em importante problema fitossanitário da abacaxicultura, pois está associada à murcha do abacaxi. No controle da praga, utilizam-se inseticidas químicos que apresentam riscos ambientais e de segurança do alimento

Parametrically excited helicopter ground resonance dynamics with high blade asymmetries

The present work is aimed at verifying the influence of high asymmetries in the variation of in-plane lead-lag stiffness of one blade on the ground resonance phenomenon in helicopters. The periodical equations of motions are analyzed by using Floquet's Theory (FM) and the boundaries of instabilities predicted. The stability chart obtained as a function of asymmetry parameters and rotor speed reveals a complex evolution of critical zones and the existence of bifurcation points at low rotor speed values. Additionally, it is known that when treated as parametric excitations; periodic terms may cause parametric resonances in dynamic systems, some of which can become unstable. Therefore, the helicopter is later considered as a parametrically excited system and the equations are treated analytically by applying the Method of Multiple Scales (MMS). A stability analysis is used to verify the existence of unstable parametric resonances with first and second-order sets of equations. The results are compared and validated with those obtained by Floquet's Theory. Moreover, an explanation is given for the presence of unstable motion at low rotor speeds due to parametric instabilities of the second order

Procedimentos para o monitoramento populacional de Diaphorina Citri , vetor do Huanglongbing (HLB) dos citros.

Após o registro do agente etiológico do HLB, a bactéria Candidatus liberibacter spp. no Brasil em 2004, o inseto vetor Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) antes considerado uma praga secundária dos citros, ganhou o status de inseto-praga de grande importância

Identificação e resistência a antibióticos de gêneros bacterianos presentes em surubins criados em tanques-rede.

O surubim é uma espécie apreciada pelo mercado consumidor, entretanto, seu cultivo intensivo em tanques-rede pode trazer problemas de sanidade devido ao estresse dos peixes, caso não sejam utilizadas boas práticas de manejo. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se identificar e verificar a resistência aos antibióticos de gêneros bacterianos isolados de Pseudoplatystoma sp. criados em tanques-rede de baixo volume