Review and update of paramphistomosis

Despite records of ruminal paramphistomes in Argentina dating back to the beginning of the XX century, in the last decade cases have increased in number with evidence of spreading to new geographical areas. This fact led us to carry out some studies in the last few years in order to enhance the poor availability of reports in South America, some of which are actually performed in our group. This paper reviews the characteristics of the life cycles and some aspects of the disease both at world and local level, and updates the latest paramphistome reports in domestic ruminants of Argentina.Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasCentro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinaria

Semáforos autónomos para control de tráfico en la ciudad de Neiva.

El propósito de esta investigación se centra en desarrollar un sistema de Semáforos Autónomos para control de tráfico en la ciudad de Neiva para el control vehicular basado en hardware programado en lenguajes de alto nivel, para llevar a cabo esta investigación y proyecto se realizara un dispositivo capaz de tomar decisiones sobre como dirigir el tráfico de vehículos en una intersección, de manera más efectiva que los semáforos convencionales ya que estos no toman una decisión, solo realizan un cambio de luces cada cierto tiempo de manera repetitiva y esto genera problemas como largos tiempo de espera innecesarios para desplazarse por la ciudad de Neiva generando congestiones de vehículos y motos que pueden ser resueltos de manera más efectiva y en tiempo real. Sistema de Semáforos Autónomos para control de tráfico en la ciudad de Neiva, se recopilaron los elementos necesarios para la elaboración y diseño, luego de esto se estableció una base de elaboración de la arquitectura del sistema de control de tráfico vehicular que cuenta la ciudad. La siguiente investigación se consideró del tipo descriptiva ya que al principio del proyecto fueron planteados los requerimiento para el desarrollo del proyecto y la función que tendrán los semáforos para el control de tráfico vehicular en la ciudad, a su vez se considera del tipo proyectiva ya que no solo se basa en una propuesta propone varias alternativas de cambio y tampoco es desligada de un proceso de recolección de datos de información y diseño, dicho esto se establece como un proyecto factible ya que el objetivo principal es el desarrollo de un sistema que dará solución a un problema específico.The purpose of this research is to develop a system of autonomous traffic lights for traffic control in the city of Neiva for vehicular control based on hardware programmed in high level languages, to carry out this research and project a capable device will be realized. to make decisions about how to direct vehicle traffic at an intersection, more effectively than conventional traffic lights because they do not make a decision, they only make a change of lights every so often in a repetitive manner and this generates problems such as long time It waits unnecessarily to travel through the city of Neiva generating congestions of vehicles and motorcycles that can be solved more effectively and in real time. Autonomous Traffic Light System for traffic control in the city of Neiva, the necessary elements for the elaboration and design were collected, after which a basis for the development of the architecture of the vehicle traffic control system that counts the city was established. The following investigation was considered of the descriptive type since at the beginning of the project the requirements for the development of the project and the function that the traffic lights will have for the control of vehicular traffic in the city, in turn is considered of the projective type since not only based on a proposal proposes several alternatives for change and is not separated from a process of data collection of information and design, said this is established as a feasible project since the main objective is the development of a system that will provide a solution to a specific problem

First report of Paramphistomum leydeni Näsmark, 1937 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) in Argentina, and re-examination of Cotylophoron cotylophorum sensu Racioppi et al. (1994)

Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Balanorchis anastrophus are the only amphistomes of ruminants that have been described so far in Argentina. Recent observations suggest that C. cotylophorum could have been misclassified. To confirm this, we examined specimens, collected in Corrientes Province and classified by Racioppi et al. (1994) as Cotylophoron cotylophorum, and re-classified these as Paramphistomum leydeni Näsmark, 1937. Flukes collected from Zárate (Buenos Aires) were also studied and compared against the former, resulting in the same species. The present study reports the existence of P. leydeni in Argentina, modifies the previous classification of C. cotylophorum and suggests that, based on the evidence of the amphistomes described so far, P. leydeni would be the most prevalent species in cattle of Argentina.Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

First report of Paramphistomum leydeni Näsmark, 1937 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) in Argentina, and re-examination of Cotylophoron cotylophorum sensu Racioppi et al. (1994)

Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Balanorchis anastrophus are the only amphistomes of ruminants that have been described so far in Argentina. Recent observations suggest that C. cotylophorum could have been misclassified. To confirm this, we examined specimens, collected in Corrientes Province and classified by Racioppi et al. (1994) as Cotylophoron cotylophorum, and re-classified these as Paramphistomum leydeni Näsmark, 1937. Flukes collected from Zárate (Buenos Aires) were also studied and compared against the former, resulting in the same species. The present study reports the existence of P. leydeni in Argentina, modifies the previous classification of C. cotylophorum and suggests that, based on the evidence of the amphistomes described so far, P. leydeni would be the most prevalent species in cattle of Argentina.Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Cellular Senescence and Their Role in Liver Metabolism in Health and Disease: Overview and Future Directions

Chronic liver disease has globally risen mainly due to a prevalent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rate and an epidemic of obesity. It is estimated by the year 2030, 2.2 billion people around the world will be overweight and 1.1 billion people will be obese. Diabetes and obesity are the main risk factors for the development of the metabolic syndrome and in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which could progress to non-alcoholic fatty steatohepatitis (NASH) related cirrhosis and liver malignancy. At present there is not effective therapy for NASH besides loss of weight and exercise. Furthermore, optimal management of HCC with curative intent includes resection or liver transplantation. Nevertheless, these therapies are limited because the degree of liver dysfunction or the medical conditions at the time of diagnosis and the scarcity of available liver grafts. The role of cellular lipid management and metabolism in human health and disease is taking a center stage. The present overview articulates the current pathophysiology of fatty liver disease under the aging processes, potential biological markers of liver disease diagnosis and progression and future therapies

Fasciola hepatica: Variations in redial development and cercarial production in relation to the geographic origin of the parasite

Two hundred Galba truncatula, originating from a French population, were subjected to single-miracidium infections with an allopatric isolate (origin, Argentina) of Fasciola hepatica. The control group was constituted by 100 snails coming from the same population and exposed to sympatric miracidia of F. hepatica according to the same protocol. Snail samples were collected bimonthly from both groups between day 14 and day 112 p.e. (at 20 C) and snail dissections were performed to count free rediae, intraredial morulae and free cercariae. Third and fourth generation rediae were significantly more numerous in the allopatric group, while the number of first generation rediae was significantly lower. In the sympatric group, the decrease in the number of intraredial morulae in the first, second and third redial generations was significantly faster. Free cercariae within the snail body were significantly more numerous in the sympatric than in the allopatric groups, whatever the date of snail dissection. The changes in redial development and cercarial production noted in the Argentinean group might be due to the evolution of South American flukes in a divergent way after the introduction of foreign infected ruminants in this continent from the 15th century.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Fasciola hepatica: Variations in redial development and cercarial production in relation to the geographic origin of the parasite

Two hundred Galba truncatula, originating from a French population, were subjected to single-miracidium infections with an allopatric isolate (origin, Argentina) of Fasciola hepatica. The control group was constituted by 100 snails coming from the same population and exposed to sympatric miracidia of F. hepatica according to the same protocol. Snail samples were collected bimonthly from both groups between day 14 and day 112 p.e. (at 20 C) and snail dissections were performed to count free rediae, intraredial morulae and free cercariae. Third and fourth generation rediae were significantly more numerous in the allopatric group, while the number of first generation rediae was significantly lower. In the sympatric group, the decrease in the number of intraredial morulae in the first, second and third redial generations was significantly faster. Free cercariae within the snail body were significantly more numerous in the sympatric than in the allopatric groups, whatever the date of snail dissection. The changes in redial development and cercarial production noted in the Argentinean group might be due to the evolution of South American flukes in a divergent way after the introduction of foreign infected ruminants in this continent from the 15th century.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

First report of pre-Hispanic Fasciola hepatica from South America revealed by ancient DNA

It is generally assumed that the digenean human liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, gained entry to South America during the 15th century upon arrival of Europeans and their livestock. Nonetheless in Patagonia, Argentina, digenean eggs similar to F. hepatica have been observed in deer coprolites dating back to 2300 years B.P. The main objective of our present study was to identify and characterize these eggs using an ancient DNA (aDNA) study. Eggs were isolated and used for aDNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of partial regions from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 mitochondrial genes. Also, phylogenetic trees were constructed using Bayesian and maximum likelihood. Our results confirm the presence of F. hepatica in South America from at least 2300 years B.P. This is the first report and the first aDNA study of this trematode in South America prior to the arrival of the European cattle in the 15th century. The present work contributes to the study of phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographical aspects of F. hepatica and its settlement across America.Fil: Beltrame, Maria Ornela. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones En Sanidad Produccion y Ambiente. - Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones En Sanidad Produccion y Ambiente.; ArgentinaFil: Pruzzo, César. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Sanabria, Rodrigo Eduardo Fabrizio. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Tecnologico de Chascomus.; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Alberto. Universidad Católica de Temuco; ChileFil: Mora, Matias Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Informing climate policy through institutional collaboration: reflections on the preparation of Colombia’s nationally determined contribution

The 2015 Paris Agreement was adopted at the twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In the run-up to COP 21, most UNFCCC Parties put forward intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs), containing mitigation pledges. These INDCs are now being confirmed as nationally determined contributions (NDCs), as governments formally ratify the Paris Agreement. NDCs are supposed to provide transparent, quantifiable, comparable, and verifiable mitigation objectives. However, there is neither methodological nor data consistency in the way Parties have prepared their NDCs. This article showcases recent collaboration among research, government, and private institutions that contributed to the Colombian NDC. While documenting the novel research, data, and rich web of collaboration that helped the Colombian government prepare the country’s NDC, this article links this specific case with the challenges of policy oriented and interactive models of research. Our experience confirms previous research on the importance of stakeholder interaction, transparency and openness of processes, and willingness to break disciplinary and institutional barriers. In addition, the experience points to the importance of having appropriate available resources and a local institution acting as champion for the project