Conductivity Study on Plasticized Solid bio-electrolytes CMC-NH4Br and Application in Solid-state Proton Batteries

This paper present the development of plasticized solid bio-electrolytes (PSBs) which has been accomplished by incorporating various composition of plasticizer namely ethylene carbonate (EC) with carboxy methylcellulose doped NH4Br via solution casting method. The plasticized polymer–salt ionic conduction of PSBs has been analyzed by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Plasticization using EC in PSBs system assists the enhancement of NH4Br dissociation and therefore increases the protonation process in the system. The highest ionic conductivity obtained for CMC−NH4Br containing with 25 wt. % NH4Br was achieved at 1.12 x 10-4 Scm-1 and improved to 3.31 x 10-3 Scm-1 when EC was added in PSBs system. The ionic conductivity-temperature for PSBs system was found to obey the Arrhenius relationships where the ionic conductivity increases with temperature. The solid-state proton batteries were assembled with the formation of Zn + ZnSO4.7H2O || highest conducting PSBs system || MnO2 and achieve with a maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.48 V at room temperature and showed good in rechargeablity performance with more than 10 cycles

Evaluasi Fungsi Taman Kampus Edu Park Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta sebagai Open Space Kampus

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya fenomena disfungsi taman kampus Edu ParkUMS sebagai open space kampus yang fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui hasil evaluasi fungsi taman kampus Edu Park Universitas MuhammadiyahSurakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengamatan aktivitas pengguna tamandan metode jajak pendapat dengan melalui penyebaran kuesioner untuk 40 responden.Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini disajikan dalam bentuk tabel, pemetaan,dokumentasi, dan diskripsi. Berdasarkan data pengamatan dan kuesioner terhadap aktivitas pengunjung yang ada, fungsi taman Edu Park sebagai open space sudah dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Hasil perhitungan kuesioner terhadap 40 responden adalah layak dengan prosentase 35% aktivitas olahraga, 12,5 % aktivitas jalan-jalan dan bermain, 32,5% kegiatan foto-foto, 2,5% kegiatan piknik dan 5% aktivitas bersepeda. Berdasarkan data kuesioner terhadap elemen pendukung aktivitas yang terdapat pada open space tersebut, menunjukan bahwa taman Edu Park Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta sudah digunakan secara maksimal, dibuktikan dengan hasil perhitungan kuesioner terhadap 40 responden bahwa prosentasi yang diperoleh adalah 40% untuk kategori sangat layak, 55% untuk kategori layak dan 5% untuk kategori tidak layak

A Comparative Study of Enhanced Nonlinear PI to Multivariable Nonlinear Plant

The static gains of PI controller have limitation to handle the process nonlinearities of the system. This suggests the development of enhanced nonlinear PI controller where a nonlinear gain function is cascaded to PI parameters. Two nonlinear gain functions are developed and the effectiveness of the control performance is investigated for two different control structures for a multivariable nonlinear wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). It was proved that superior output with the lower mean error was obtained by developed nonlinear PI specifically in the multivariable control structure. The developed nonlinear PI offers simpler control structure and easy implementation hence offering alternative control strategy for the multivariable system

Effect EMIMCl on electrochemical properties based PMMA-PLA hybrid gel polymer electrolyte

The formulation of a hybrid gel polymer electrolyte (HGPE) system comprising of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polylactic acid (PLA) as a hybrid host polymer doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) has been successfully prepared in this study with the introduction of an ionic liquid, namely 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCl). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the structural features of HGPEs. The FTIR analysis revealed that the complexation changes the peak intensity at region C = O stretching, CH2 bending, and C-O stretching. Meanwhile, XRD showed that the addition of EMIMCl altered the HGPE properties and formed an amorphous structure. The prepared HGPE sample was examined for ionic conduction properties through electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It shows that by adding an EMIMCl to the PMMA-PLA-LiTFSI HGPE has decreased the activation energy (Ea) and increased the ionic conductivity. The sample containing 15 wt.% has the lowest Ea value of 0.057 eV and the highest ionic conductivity at room temperature of 3.20 10−3 S cm−1. The temperature dependence was studied in the temperature range from 303 K to 393 K, the HGPE systems were found to follow Arrhenius behavior. The effect of EMIMCl content had decreased the viscosity of HGPEs which led to the gel-like type behavior. The potential windows stability analysis revealed that the highest conducting sample was electrochemically stable up to 3.3 V versus Li/Li+, thus showing that the present electrolytes are promising to be applied as in Li-ions battery

Carbonized rice husk and cocopeat as alternative media bed for aquaponic system

The study evaluates the suitability of carbonized rice husk and cocopeat substrates as alternative media bed in aquaponics unit for cultivation of red Nile tilapia and Gynura procumbens. Area occupied by the aquaponics unit is about 4.5 m2 and it was operated under equatorial climate conditions. Various substrates namely lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA), cocopeat, carbonized rice husk and a mixture of cocopeat-rice husk at ratio 1:1 were prepared using polybags for growing of the longevity spinach. The resultant effects from fish cultivation and plants growth on the water qualities and nitrification efficiency of the aquaponics unit were reported. The aquaponics unit were operated for twelve weeks and the values of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen level were measured to be within the range of 6.4-6.9, 27.7-29oC, and 5.5-7 mg·L-1, respectively. Survival rate for fish was 98% with specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) of 6.9% per day and 1.13, respectively. Nutrient deficiency was not evident and plants showed healthy growth with harvest yield ranging between 3.6 and 3.9 kg·m-2. Results attained signified the suitability of utilizing carbonized rice husk and cocopeat as alternatives media bed compared to commercial media bed such as LECA

Contribution of Li+ Ions to a Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Polymethyl Methacrylate and Polylactic Acid Doped with Lithium Bis(oxalato) Borate

In this work, gel polymer electrolyte systems based on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polylactic acid (PLA) blend that was doped with various compositions of lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB) were successfully prepared. Several characterizations, which included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray difraction (XRD), and electrical impedance spectroscopy, were carried out to determine their structural and ionic conduction properties. FTIR analysis revealed that molecular interactions had occurred via Li+ ions in several regions, representing the functional groups of C-O, C=O and C-H stretching of the PMMA–PLA. Moreover, an increase in the amorphous phase upon the incorporation of LiBOB was revealed through XRD analysis. A sample containing 20 wt.% of LiBOB (PPLi20) was found to be the most amorphous sample in this study. This result is in alignment with the ionic conduction properties, showing an increase of ionic conductivity up to the PPLi20 sample, which exhibited the highest ionic conductivity with a value of 1.37 × 10−3 S cm−1. The contribution of Li+ ions towards the enhancement of ionic conductivity was determined through the transport parameter analysis. It was proven that upon the addition of LiBOB, the value of η,μ , and D increased, which signifed the high dissociation of ions. Beyond 20 wt.%, the transport parameters decreased due to the overcrowding of ions

An Ideal of Retirement Villages Business Model in Malaysia: Analysis of case studies

There are three types of retirement villages development business models: the outright sale model, the lease for life model and the rental model. This paper aims to investigate the influence elements of chosen business models adopted in Malaysia's retirement village development. This study uses a qualitative research method through interviews with the selected developers as case studies. The prominent contemplation for developing retirement villages are sustainability, practicality, profitability and land availability. Local developers have been mindful and creative in implementing their retirement village business models

Land for indigenous people: ownership conflicts and government interventions in Kampung Bawong, Perak, Malaysia

Land ownership among the indigenous is lagging despite their special stature and origins in the country. Their nomadic way of life and settlements in the reserved lands for indigenous are among the key factors which hinder their path towards land ownership. In 2005, government initiates to alienate 50 land parcels with house for the villagers of Kampung Bawong, Sungai Siput, Perak. However, current status reported that only 21 landowners still live on site while the rest are abandoned. In view of this, the present study examines the current issues on property rights and how government is responsible in managing the conflicts. The data was collected from interviews and questionnaires. The study analysed several issues on property rights including idle land, tax arrears, and inheritance property. The study found that government also plays its role in managing the conflicts. Hence, in ensuring a way forward for the ingenious people to continue to own their lands in legal, the government might explore the best practice of land alienation for them which include the aspects of legal and financial resources