287 research outputs found
The Effects of Motivational and Instructional Self-Talk on Cross-Training Exercise Performance
Self-talk is a multi-dimensional construct comprised of self-statements that provide instruction, or motivation, for successful task completion. Instructional self-talk has been shown to be more effective during precision tasks, and motivational self-talk has been shown to be more effective during gross motor and exercise tasks. The effects of self-talk on task performance have not been explored through a combination of endurance and precision exercise, or cross-training. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of instructional and motivational self-talk during a cross-training exercise task of running and overhead squatting. 30 participants were evenly divided into three groups (i.e., control, motivational, and instructional), and were examined across three exercise trials. Two 3 x 3 factorial ANOVAs comparing exercise time and mechanical score revealed no significant differences between groups across exercise trials. The results of the present study provide a potential starting point for future self-talk studies analyzing the combination of exercise tasks
A Comparison of Personality and Teacher Attitude Between Stout State University Undergraduate Fellows and Other Students Enrolled in Teacher Education
The problem of this study was to ascertain whether differentiation could be made between Undergraduate Fellows and Eon-Fellows enrolled In teacher education at Stout State University, Menomonie, Wisconsin, on the basis of personality needs as measured by Edwards Personal Preference Schedule and teacher attitude as measured by the Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory. Undergraduate Fellows are students recommended by faculty members to participate in seminars, in independent learning activities, and in leadership activities as means of encouraging such students to consider college teaching in the future
Top of the Heap: Efficient Memory Error Protection for Many Heap Objects
Exploits against heap memory errors continue to be a major concern. Although
many defenses have been proposed, heap data are not protected from attacks that
exploit memory errors systematically. Research defenses focus on complete
coverage of heap objects, often giving up on comprehensive memory safety
protection and/or incurring high costs in performance overhead and memory
usage. In this paper, we propose a solution for heap memory safety enforcement
that aims to provide comprehensive protection from memory errors efficiently by
protecting those heap objects whose accesses are provably safe from memory
errors. Specifically, we present the Uriah system that statically validates
spatial and type memory safety for heap objects, isolating compliant objects on
a safe heap that enforces temporal type safety to prevent attacks on memory
reuse. Using Uriah, 71.9% of heap allocation sites can be shown to produce
objects (73% of allocations are found safe) that satisfy spatial and type
safety, which are then isolated using Uriah's heap allocator from memory
accesses via unsafe heap objects. Uriah only incurs 2.9% overhead and only uses
9.3% more memory on SPEC CPU2006 (C/C++) benchmarks, showing that many heap
objects can be protected from all classes of memory errors efficiently
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Applications of gamma-ray spectrometry in the quantitative nondestructive assay of special nuclear materials
Nearly all applications of gamma-ray spectrometry in the quanitative assay of special nuclear materials can be grouped into five general categories. They are as follows: (1) Quanitative passive assay, of which transmission-corrected passive assay methods for measuring isotopic masses/concentrations are an important subset; (2) Enrichment measurements on infinitely thick'' samples for absolute determination of isotopic fractions/concentrations; (3) Measurements of isotopic ratios using relative detection efficiency principles resulting in absolute isotopic distributions without recourse to standards; (4) Absorption-edge densitometry measurements of elemental concentrations; and (5) X-ray fluorescence measurements of elemental concentrations. Careful and correct practice of these techniques can yield measurement accuracies in the range of 0.1% to 1.0% in favorable situations with measurement times generally in the range of 15 minutes to 1 hour. We present examples of these general categories with emphasis on those measurements and techniques exhibiting the best accuracy, as well as those which are not routinely practiced in many other applications of gamma-ray spectrometry. 20 refs., 6 fig
Autobiographical accounts of military hand-to-hand combat
The current study examines autobiographical accounts of soldiers to enhance our understanding of the demands faced, and the subsequent emotional responses experienced, during the military combat task of hand-to-hand fighting. Nine autobiographies with descriptions of military hand-to-hand fighting were sampled, and three themes were developed: unexpected, life-threatening, and killing. The findings extend the current literature by illustrating the severe psychological strain soldiers face from hand-to-hand fighting situations, such as having to apply lethal actions against an opponent, and suggesting how in situ cognitive performance degradations can result from the encountered fear-based affective components. Based on this study, recommendations are offered to enhance representativeness in training for military hand-to-hand fighting. The autobiographical analysis in this study presents an approach for enhancing existing and future interview-based research that explores affective components of martial arts that prepare for violent conflicts
Quality Time: A simple online technique for quantifying multicore execution efficiency
Abstract—In order to increase utilization, multicore pro-cessors share memory resources among an increasing number of cores. This sharing leads to memory interference, which in turn leads to a non-uniform degradation in the execution of concurrent applications, even in the presence of fairness mechanisms. Many utilities rely on application CPU Time both for measuring resource usage and inferring application progress. These utilities are therefore directly affected by the distorting effects of multicore interference on the representativeness of CPU Time as a proxy for progress. This makes reasoning about myriad properties from fairness, to QoS, to throughput optimality very difficult in consolidated environments, such as IaaS. We introduce the notion of Quality Time, which provides a measure of application progress analogous to CPU Time’s measure of resource usage, and we propose a simple online sampling-based technique to approximate Quality Time with high accuracy. We have implemented three user-space tools called Qtime, Qtop, and Qplacer. Qtime can attach to an application to calculate its Quality Time online, Qtop is a dashboard that monitors the Quality Times of all applications on the system, and Qplacer leverages Quality Time information to find better application placements and improve overall system quality. With Quality Time, we are able to reduce the error in inferring execution efficiency from 150.3 % to 25.1 % in the worst case and from 30.0 % to 7.5 % on average. Qplacer can increase average system throughput by 3.2 % when compared to static application placement. I
Revealing Our Melting Past: Rescuing Historical Snow and Ice Data
Analog archival data can supplement modern digital research, but only if those data are preserved, described, and migrated to appropriate formats. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado Boulder (CU) is responsible for managing, archiving, and disseminating cryospheric and polar data. The clear majority of these data are digital, but the NSIDC also houses a collection of historical archival materials that include measurements related to the earth\u27s glaciated regions prior to the development of modern instrumentation. Their formats, however, are not conducive to contemporary analysis, rendering them ostensibly “lost” to research. This paper describes a series of efforts to provide access to these collections that date back to their original acquisition, as long ago as the mid-nineteenth century, with focus primarily on activities over the last 15 years. The most recent effort was funded by the Council on Library & Information Resources and won the 2016 International Data Rescue Award. The intent is to highlight key challenges, and our proposed own solutions to those challenges, in designing a digitization project centered on providing online access to analog data in glaciological, geomorphological, and related research
The Impact of Heterozygous KCNK3 Mutations Associated With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension on Channel Function and Pharmacological Recovery
Background-Heterozygous loss of function mutations in the KCNK3 gene cause hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). KCNK3 encodes an acid-sensitive potassium channel, which contributes to the resting potential of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. KCNK3 is widely expressed in the body, and dimerizes with other KCNK3 subunits, or the closely related, acid-sensitive KCNK9 channel. Methods and Results-We engineered homomeric and heterodimeric mutant and nonmutant KCNK3 channels associated with PAH. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle and COS7 cell lines, we determined that homomeric and heterodimeric mutant channels in heterozygous KCNK3 conditions lead to mutation-specific severity of channel dysfunction. Both wildtype and mutant KCNK3 channels were activated by ONO-RS-082 (10 mu mol/L), causing cell hyperpolarization. We observed robust gene expression of KCNK3 in healthy and familial PAH patient lungs, but no quantifiable expression of KCNK9, and demonstrated in functional studies that KCNK9 minimizes the impact of select KCNK3 mutations when the 2 channel subunits co-assemble. Conclusions-Heterozygous KCNK3 mutations in PAH lead to variable loss of channel function via distinct mechanisms. Homomeric and heterodimeric mutant KCNK3 channels represent novel therapeutic substrates in PAH. Pharmacological and pH-dependent activation of wildtype and mutant KCNK3 channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells leads to membrane hyperpolarization. Co-assembly of KCNK3 with KCNK9 subunits may provide protection against KCNK3 loss of function in tissues where both KCNK9 and KCNK3 are expressed, contributing to the lung-specific phenotype observed clinically in patients with PAH because of KCNK3 mutations.National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund (CMREF)Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY USAColumbia Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USAUniv Fed São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Biophys, São Paulo, BrazilNew York Stem Cell Fdn, Res Inst, New York, NY USAUniv Fed São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Biophys, São Paulo, BrazilNHLBI: F30 HL129656NHLBI R24 grant: R24HL123767Web of Scienc
Impact of Gravel Dredging Operations on Surface Water Quality in Streams in the Upper Cumberland Basin
This is a report to the USEPA, Kentucky Division of Water and the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, focused on the biologic and morphological impacts of gravel mining in the upper Cumberland basin
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