Process-Oriented Collective Operations

Distributing process-oriented programs across a cluster of machines requires careful attention to the effects of network latency. The MPI standard, widely used for cluster computation, defines a number of collective operations: efficient, reusable algorithms for performing operations among a group of machines in the cluster. In this paper, we describe our techniques for implementing MPI communication patterns in process-oriented languages, and how we have used them to implement collective operations in PyCSP and occam-pi on top of an asynchronous messaging framework. We show how to make use of collective operations in distributed processoriented applications. We also show how the process-oriented model can be used to increase concurrency in existing collective operation algorithms

Fostering college and career readiness: how career development activities in schools impact on graduation rates and students' life success

This paper sets out the recent evidence around career development. This evidence is examined within the context of the college and career readiness agenda. The argument is made that in order for young people to be genuinely “ready” for both college and career they need to have attended to their academic achievement, their aspirations and plans for the future, their ability to make transitions and their ability to direct their own careers. It is argued that career development offers schools a body of practice that has been shown to have a positive impact on young people’s readiness for college and career. The report acknowledges that the provision of career development has been in decline in many North American schools despite evidence of its effectiveness. Given the current instability of the labor market, the increasing complexity of the education system and the need to grow the skills base of the workforce in a competitive global market, failing to attend to young people’s careers seems shortsighted. As this paper shows, there is a strong body of evidence which demonstrates that career development activity in schools can help young people to experience academic achievement, successfully transition to the labor market and live happier and more productive lives. It is hoped that setting out the evidence in this area of research will provide policy makers and school leaders with the resources required to make informed decisions and to support the development of the future generations of talent. The paper explores the impacts of career development in relation to four main questions: • Does career development engage young people in their schooling and help keep them attending school? • Does career development positively impact on young people’s academic achievement? • Does career development assist young people in making successful transitions to college or the labor market? • Does career development have a positive effect on people’s career and life success?Career Cruisin

Using multiple GPUs to accelerate string searching for digital forensic analysis

String searching within a large corpus of data is an important component of digital forensic (DF) analysis techniques such as file carving. The continuing increase in capacity of consumer storage devices requires corresponding im-provements to the performance of string searching techniques. As string search-ing is a trivially-parallelisable problem, GPGPU approaches are a natural fit – but previous studies have found that local storage presents an insurmountable performance bottleneck. We show that this need not be the case with modern hardware, and demonstrate substantial performance improvements from the use of single and multiple GPUs when searching for strings within a typical forensic disk image

The Dynamics of Graphics in Ibibio Traditional Art

From a modernist perspective, it may be difficult to ascribe graphics to any form of traditional African art. This could be due to the embrace of western values by Africans, and of modernity on the one hand, and the overwhelming negative influence of westernization on the diverse African cultural practices, on the other hand. However, many elements of the traditional art forms are imbued with icons and symbols which expressions may be viewed as graphical in nature. This paper looks into the dynamics of graphics in the art of the traditional Ibibio society of Nigeria and attempts to appraise form and content. It is aimed at investigating the various symbolic applications in Ibibio traditional art forms and to establish the degree of graphics inter face with these art forms. The paper expounds the term graphics, identifies, and relates it to, salient properties of graphics in the art products of the traditional Ibibio society. It also examines the manner in which societal norms and social institutions are fundamental to the art forms proportionate to the communicative indices. The methodology for this study includes in situ study, formalism, iconographic studies and library research. The paper concludes that graphics is a crucial index in the arts of the traditional Ibibio society of Nigeria and, indeed, Africa

Course in chemistry derived from problems in industry.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Impact of Digital Environment Graphics on Advertising Consumption in Nigeria

Graphic designers often pay a great deal of attention to the aesthetics of graphic presentations without much regard for its communication effectiveness. It is even more so when designing the digital environment. This tendency normally causes potential consumers of online advertisements to lose focus – a situation which, consequently, renders a piece of advertisement inconsequential. This study investigates consumer behaviour and the interface between consumers and businesses in the digital environment: under consideration is how consumers respond to the advertisements in the digital environment. The focus of this study, then, is on the impact that the digital environment graphics has on advertising consumption in Nigeria. It highlights the importance of aesthetics and design in the online environment, and how graphic designers and advertisers, in general, can effectively deliver messages to targeted audience. Methods which include library research, in situ study, formalism, iconographic studies, and the descriptive research approach, were adopted for this study. The paper concludes that a balance in the application of aesthetic standards and communication indices to the visual content of the digital environment can ultimately improve its visual appearance as well as how potential consumers of advertising respond to, and interact with, the advertisements and the environment, generally. Key word: digital environment, graphics, advertising consumption

Understanding Desistance from Crime

The study of desistance from crime is hampered by definitional, measurement, and theoretical incoherence. A unifying framework can distinguish termination of offending from the process of desistance. Termination is the point when criminal activity stops and desistance is the underlying causal process. A small number of factors are sturdy correlates of desistance (e.g., good marriages, stable work, transformation of identity, and aging). The processes of desistance from crime and other forms of problem behavior appear to be similar. Several theoretical frameworks can be employed to explain the process of desistance, including maturation and aging, developmental, life-course, rational choice, and social learning theories. A life-course perspective provides the most compelling framework, and it can be used to identify institutional sources of desistance and the dynamic social processes inherent in stopping crime.Sociolog

The Sutherland-Glueck Debate: On the Sociology of Criminological Knowledge

During the 1930s, Edwin Sutherland established the sociological model of crime as the dominant paradigm in criminology and as a result became the most influential criminologist of the 20th century. This article examines Sutherland's debate with Sheldon Glueck and Eleanor Glueck about the causes of crime and the proper focus of social science research. Previously unavailable correspondence and unpublished papers are examined along with published works from the period (1925-45) when Sutherland was developing the theory of differential association and the Gluecks were launching research on criminal careers. The competing paradigms of the Gluecks and Sutherland are also placed in the socio-intellectual and institutional context in which they worked. It is shown that Sutherland's attack on the Gluecks' interdisciplinary research program was driven by: (a) a substantive version of sociological positivism that attempted to establish criminology as the proper domain of sociology, (b) a commitment to the method of analytic induction, and (c) Suther- land's rise to prominence in sociology. In addition, key aspects of the Gluecks' perspective reflecting their own professional interests in law and psychiatry further contributed to sociologists' hostile reaction. Nevertheless, the article presents evidence that the Gluecks' research on such fundamental issues as age and crime, criminal careers, and social control is more correct than commonly believed and, in fact, occupies center stage in contemporary re- search.Sociolog

Course in chemistry derived from problems in industry.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University This item was digitized by the Internet Archive