Análisis del estado de salud de los adultos mayores en Bogotá : datos de la encuesta salud bienestar y envejecimiento (SABE) Bogotá

Este trabajo destaca los resultados de mayor impacto para la población adulta mayor en Bogotá. Se enfoca en dos síndromes geriátricos de gran relevancia para la salud de las personas mayores.This paper highlights the results of greater impact for the older population in Bogota. It focuses on two geriatric syndromes of great importance to the health of the elderly.Especialista en GeriatríaEspecializació

Longitudinal Associations Between Cognitive Functioning and Depressive Symptoms Among Couples in the Mexican Health and Aging Study

OBJECTIVE: To examine the bidirectional associations between older adult spouses\u27 cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms over time and replicate previous findings from the United States (US) in Mexico. DESIGN: Longitudinal, dyadic path analysis with the actor-partner interdependence model. SETTING: Data were from the three most recent interview waves (2012, 2015, and 2018) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), a longitudinal national study of adults aged 50+ years in Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: Husbands and wives from 905 community-dwelling married couples (N = 1,810). MEASUREMENTS: The MHAS cognitive battery measured cognitive function. Depressive symptoms were assessed using a modified nine-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Baseline covariates included age, education, number of children, limitation with any activity of daily living, limitation with any instrumental activity of daily living, and pain. RESULTS: As hypothesized, there were significant within-individual associations in which one person\u27s own cognitive functioning and own depressive symptoms predicted their own follow-up cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms, respectively. In addition, a person\u27s own cognitive functioning predicted their own depressive symptoms, and a person\u27s own depressive symptoms predicted their own cognitive functioning over time. As hypothesized, there was a significant partner association such that one person\u27s depressive symptoms predicted more depressive symptoms in the partner. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study of older Mexican couples replicates findings from studies of older couples in the US, showing that depressive symptoms in one partner predict depressive symptoms in the other partner over time; however, there was no evidence for cognition-depression partner associations over time

Displacement due to armed conflict and violence in childhood and adulthood and its effects on older adult health. The case of the middleincome country of Colombia

Q11-13Large population displacement in developing economies due to internal armed conflict and violence is of international concern. There has been relatively little research on the long-term consequences of displacement on older adult health among populations characterized by rapid demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional transitions during the 20th century. We examine displacement in the middle-income country of Colombia, which experienced these rapid transitions and a large population displacement over the last 50-60 years due to internal armed conflict and violence. Using a nationally representative survey of adults 60 years and older, SABE-Colombia (2014-2015, n = 23,694), we estimate the degree to which displacement relative to those never displaced is associated with older adult health (self-reported health, major illness/stress, at least one chronic condition, heart disease), controlling for age, gender, SES (socioeconomic status), residence, early life conditions (infectious diseases, poor nutrition, health, SES, family violence), and adult behavior (smoking, exercise, nutrition). We found (1) strong associations between poor early life conditions and older adult health with little attenuation of effects after controlling for displacement, adult SES, and lifestyle; (2) strong associations between displacement and self-reported health; along with poor early life conditions, displacement increases the chances of poor health at older ages; (3) significant positive interaction effects between childhood infections and displacement during young adulthood for older adult stress/major illness, suggesting the importance of the timing of displacement; (4) significant interaction effects between childhood infections and being displaced during childhood, indicating lower levels of older adult stress/major illness and suggesting the possibility of resilience due to childhood adversity. We conclude that displacement compounds the effects of poor early life conditions and that timing of displacement can matter. The results raise the possibility of similar patterns in the health of aging populations in lowincome countries that also experience displacement and rapid demographic and epidemiological transitions

Patient Priorities Care increases Long-Term Service and Support Use: Propensity Match Cohort Study

OBJECTIVES: Patient priorities care (PPC) is an evidence-based approach designed to help patients achieve what matters most to them by identifying their health priorities and working with clinicians to align the care they provide to the patient\u27s priorities. This study examined the impact of the PPC approach on long-term service and support (LTSS) use among veterans. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study examining differences in LTSS use between veterans exposed to PPC and propensity-matched controls not exposed to PPC adjusting for covariates. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-six social workers in 5 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) sites trained in PPC in 2018, 143 veterans who used the PPC approach, and 286 matched veterans who did not use the PPC approach. METHODS: Veterans with health priorities identified through the PPC approach were the intervention group (n = 143). The usual care group included propensity-matched veterans evaluated by the same social workers in the same period who did not participate in PPC (n = 286). The visit with the social worker was the index date. We examined LTSS use, emergency department (ED), and urgent care visits, 12 months before and after this date for both groups. Electronic medical record notes were extracted with a validated natural language processing algorithm (84% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 92% accuracy). RESULTS: Most participants were white men, mean age was 76, and 30% were frail. LTSS use was 48% higher in the PPC group compared with the usual care group [odds ratio (OR), 1.48; 95% CI, 1.00-2.18; P = .05]. Among those who lived \u3e2 years after the index date, new LTSS use was higher (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.04-2.76; P = .036). Among nonfrail individuals, LTSS use was also higher in the PPC group (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.06-2.74; P = .028). PPC was not associated with higher ED or urgent care use. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: PPC results in higher LTSS use but not ED or urgent care in these veterans. LTSS use was higher for nonfrail veterans and those living longer. The PPC approach helps identify health priorities, including unmet needs for safe and independent living that LTSS can support

Patterns of SES Health Disparities Among Older Adults in Three Upper Middle- and Two High-Income Countries

Artículo original23-37Objectives To examine the socioeconomic status (SES) health gradient for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension within a diverse group of health outcomes and behaviors among older adults (60+) in upper middle-income countries benchmarked with high-income countries. Method We used data from three upper middle-income settings (Colombia-SABE-Bogotá, Mexico-SAGE, and South Africa-SAGE) and two high-income countries (England-ELSA and US-HRS) to estimate logistic regression models using age, gender, and education to predict health and health behaviors. Results The sharpest gradients appear in middle-income settings but follow expected patterns found in high-income countries for poor self-reported health, functionality, cognitive impairment, and depression. However, weaker gradients appear for obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic conditions in Colombia and Mexico and the gradient reverses in South Africa. Strong disparities exist in risky health behaviors and in early nutritional status in the middle-income settings. Discussion Rapid demographic and nutritional transitions, urbanization, poor early life conditions, social mobility, negative health behavior, and unique country circumstances provide a useful framework for understanding the SES health gradient in middle-income settings. In contrast with high-income countries, the increasing prevalence of obesity, an important risk factor for chronic conditions and other aspects of health, may ultimately change the SES gradient for diseases in the future

Effect of Demographic and Health Dynamics on Cognitive Status in Mexico between 2001 and 2015: Evidence from the Mexican Health and Aging Study

Sources of health disparities such as educational attainment, cardiovascular risk factors, and access to health care affect cognitive impairment among older adults. To examine the extent to which these counteracting changes affect cognitive aging over time among Mexican older adults, we examine how sociodemographic factors, cardiovascular diseases, and their treatment relate to changes in cognitive function of Mexican adults aged 60 and older between 2001 and 2015. Self and proxy respondents were classified as dementia, cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), and normal cognition. We use logistic regression models to examine the trends in dementia and CIND for men and women aged 60 years or older using pooled national samples of 6822 individuals in 2001 and 10,219 in 2015, and sociodemographic and health variables as covariates. We found higher likelihood of dementia and a lower risk of CIND in 2015 compared to 2001. These results remain after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, cardiovascular diseases, and their treatment. The improvements in educational attainment, treatment of diabetes and hypertension, and better access to health care in 2015 compared to 2001 may not have been enough to counteract the combined effects of aging, rural residence disadvantage, and higher risks of cardiovascular disease among older Mexican adults

Evaluación de factores asociados al estado funcional en ancianos de 60 años o más en Bogotá, Colombia

Introduction: Functional impairment produces a wide range of negative effects such as difficulty in mobility, social isolation, decreased quality of life, disability and institutionalization. Thus, functional status measurement is a marker of social wellbeing.Objective: To determine and characterize the socio-demographic factors and health conditions related to functional impairment in older adults in Bogotá, Colombia.Materials and methods: Data was collected from the SABE Bogotá Study. Functional status was assessed using the Barthel and Lawton scales. Independent variables included socio-demographic factors, comorbidities, anthropometric measurements and physical activity (by tertiles). Bivariate analyzes were performed, and multivariate results were obtained using linear regression models.Results: There were 2,000 participants aged 60 years and older, with a mean age of 71.2 ± 8 years. Younger age (standardized beta = -0.15, p<0.01), fewer medications (beta= -0.13, p<0.01), higher MMSE score (beta = 0.3, p< 0.01), higher level of physical activity (middle beta tertile = 0.18, p<0.01, and higher beta tertile= 0.18, p<0.01vs lower tertile) and better performance in the handgrip test (beta= 0.10, p<0.01) were associated with better function in daily life instrumental activities. Similarly, higher MMSE score (beta= 0.3, p<0.01) and better performance in the handgrip test (beta= 0.07, p= 0.02) were associated with better function in daily life basic activities.Conclusions: We found several factors related with functional impairment, which are likely to be modified to reduce dependence in this population.Introducción. La declinación funcional produce un amplio espectro de efectos negativos, como dificultad para la movilidad, aislamiento social, deterioro de la calidad de vida, discapacidad e internación en instituciones especializadas, lo cual convierte la medición de la funcionalidad en un marcador importante del bienestar.Objetivo. Caracterizar y determinar los factores asociados con el deterioro funcional del anciano en Bogotá.Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron los datos del Estudio SABE-Bogotá. El estado funcional de los participantes se evaluó mediante las escalas de Barthel y Lawton. Se usaron como variables independientes los factores sociodemográficos, las enfermedades concomitantes, las medidas antropométricas y los terciles de actividad física, y se obtuvieron análisis bivariados y multivariados con regresiones lineales.Resultados. Se entrevistaron 2.000 personas de 60 o más años, con una edad promedio de 71,2 ± 8 años. Una mayor funcionalidad en actividades instrumentales se asoció con una menor edad (valor beta estandarizado: -0,15; p<0,01), un menor número de medicamentos (valor beta: -0,13; p<0,01), un mayor puntaje en el Mini-mental State Examination, MMSE) (valor beta: 0,3; p<0,01), un mayor nivel de actividad física (tercil medio: 0,18; p<0,01 y tercil alto de beta: 0,18; p<0,01 Vs. tercil bajo) yuna mayor fuerza de prensión (valor beta: 0,10; p<0,01),en tanto que una mayor funcionalidad en las actividades básicas se asoció con un mayor puntaje en el MMSE (valor beta: 0,3; p<0,01) y una mayor fuerza de prensión (valor beta: 0,07; p=0,020).Conclusiones. En este estudio se determinaron múltiples factores relacionados con la alteración funcional que pueden modificarse para disminuir la dependencia en este grupo poblacional

Midlife Vascular Factors and Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life in Mexico

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes and investigate the impact of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on late-life MCI among the aging Mexican population. Method: Analyses included a sample of non-demented adults over the age of 55 living in both urban and rural areas of Mexico (N = 1807). MCI diagnosis was assigned based on a comprehensive cognitive assessment assessing the domains of memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial ability. The normative sample was selected by means of the robust norms approach. Cognitive impairment was defined by a 1.5-SD cut-off per cognitive domain using normative corrections for age, years of education, and sex. Risk factors included age, education, sex, rurality, depression, insurance status, workforce status, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. Results: The prevalence of amnestic MCI was 5.9%. Other MCI subtypes ranged from 4.2% to 7.7%. MCI with and without memory impairment was associated with older age (OR = 1.01 [1.01, 1.05]; OR = 1.03 [1.01, 1.04], respectively) and residing in rural areas (OR = 1.49 [1.08, 2.06]; OR = 1.35 [1.03, 1.77], respectively). Depression (OR = 1.07 [1.02, 1.12]), diabetes (OR = 1.37 [1.03, 1.82]), and years of education (OR = 0.94 [0.91, 0.97]) were associated with MCI without memory impairment. Midlife CVD increased the odds of MCI in late-life (OR = 1.76 [1.19, 2.59], which was driven by both midlife hypertension and diabetes (OR = 1.70 [1.18, 2.44]; OR = 1.88 [1.19, 2.97], respectively). Conclusions: Older age, depression, low education, rurality, and midlife hypertension and diabetes were associated with higher risk of late-life MCI among older adults in Mexico. Our findings suggest that the causes of cognitive impairment are multifactorial and vary by MCI subtype