Un cambio en tiempo real: la atenuación entre hablantes universitarios de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

En este artículo se estudia el fenómeno de la atenuación en las muestras de actuación de doce informantes del nivel educativo superior de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, organizados en dos submuestras con una distribución paralela de las variables sociales y grabadas en diferentes años (alrededor de 1990, la primera, y de 2008, la segunda). La submuestra más antigua corresponde a los materiales del proyecto de norma culta de la capital grancanaria, mientras que la más reciente se inserta dentro de las obtenidas en la misma ciudad para el PRESEEA. La investigación sobre muestras de dos épocas distintas se inserta en la línea de trabajo formulada por los grupos españoles del PRESEEA como objetivo esencial para el próximo cuatrienio. El análisis cuantitativo de los factores extralingüísticos considerados permite constatar una evolución hacia un mayor uso de la atenuación, especialmente por parte de los hombres.This article examines the phenomenon of attenuation in speech samples corresponding to twelve speakers with a university educational level in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, organized in two sub-samples with a parallel distribution regarding the social variables and recorded in different periods (the first one around 1990, and the second one in 2008). The earliest sub-sample corresponds to the corpus from the ‘norma culta’ project carried out in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, whereas the most recent one forms part of the recordings obtained within the PRESEEA project in the same city. Research using samples from two different time periods is one of the essential objectives within the line of work of the Spanish groups belonging to PRESEEA for the next four years. The quantitative analysis of the extralinguistic factors taken into account in our research allows us to propose an evolution towards a greater use of attenuation, especially by men

Sexuality throughout all the stages of pregnancy: experiences of expectant mothers

Objective: To explore and understand the sexual experiences of expectant mothers during their pregnancy. Methods: The study was carried out in two healthcare centers in the Almería Health District, in southern Spain. The participants included pregnant women who received prenatal care and/or maternity education. The inclusion criteria were being pregnant, maintaining sexual activity and agreeing to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria were having limitations on sexual activity by medical prescription. The sample consisted of 15 expectant women selected using a convenience sample, of which 5 took part in a focus group (FG) and 10 in in-depth interviews (IDI). Data was collected between the months of June and December 2016. Participants were contacted by the main researcher and an appointment was made to carry out the FGs or the IDIs. Results: Three main categories emerged: False beliefs and a holistic approach to sexuality during pregnancy, which is related to the concept of sexuality, false beliefs, and limited sexual counseling during pregnancy. Limitations: From fear at the beginning to physical diffi culty at the end, referring to the fluctuations in sexual desire as well as the physical changes that limit sexual activity. Adapting to changes: safe practices and satisfaction with one’s body image, which encompasses concerns about the risks and the relationship between body image and self-esteem. Conclusion: A lack of sexual counseling during pregnancy leads to the creation of false beliefs, which, together with physical changes, concerns about the risk, and fl uctuations in sexual desire and interest, bring about a decrease in sexual activity. But sexuality remains an important aspect of pregnancy, toward which the participants must adopt a broader approach, not limited to intercourse, and adopt sexual practices that are adapted to the physical and emotional changes that happen during this time

Valoración del estado nutricional por parámetros antropométricos en dos unidades de hemodiálisis

Objetivos. Conocer el estado nutricional de los pacientes en nuestra unidad que nos sirva de guía para preparar la metodología de intervención

Rapid test for identification of a highly transmissible Mycobacterium tuberculosis beijing strain of sub-Saharan origin

The development of a rapid test to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing isolates and specifically strain GC1237, coming from a sub-Saharan country, is needed due to its alarming wide spread on Gran Canaria Island (Spain). A rapid test that detects IS6110 present between dnaA and dnaN in the Beijing strains and in a specific site for GC1237 (Rv2180c) has been developed. This test would be a useful tool in the surveillance of subsequent cases

Influencia de un plan de educación sanitaria en alimentación y nutrición para pacientes/familiares en dos unidades de hemodiálisis

Objetivos. Aumentar los conocimientos de los pacientes en hemodiálisis sobre su alimentación y nutrición para mejorar su estado nutricional

The DI-B in situ diffusion experiment at Mont Terri: Results and modeling

Versión aceptada de https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2008.10.010[Abstract:] The diffusion experiment “DI-B” aimed at studying the transport and retention properties of selected non radioactive tracers in the Opalinus Clay (shaly facies) at the Mont Terri URL. Selected tracers were: 2H (water), I− (anionic species), 6Li+ (non- or weakly-sorbing cation) and 87Rb+ (strongly-sorbing cation). The experiment was performed as a single point dilution test by injecting tracers into a packed-off section at the bottom of a vertical borehole. The experiment, which lasted slightly over one year, was designed so that the length of the injection interval (0.6 m) was larger than tracer transport distances. A rock overcoring around the injection interval after the experiment allowed the measurement of tracer distribution profiles. Two and three-dimensional modeling has been performed using the CRUNCH and CORE3D reactive transport codes, respectively. The experimental setup favored, in principle, a 2D interpretation of the results, since diffusion occurs mainly along bedding planes. Conservative tracers from 2D modeling gave: De|| = 5.0 × 10−11 m2/s, φ = 0.16 (HDO) and De|| = 1.2 × 10−11 m2/s, φ = 0.09 (I−). Results from 3D modeling are: De|| = 4.0 × 10−11 m2/s, De||/De⊥ = 4, φ = 0.15 (HDO) and De|| = 8.3 × 10−12 m2/s, De||/De⊥ = 4, φ = 0.08 (I−). Differences in the results may be due to the two geometries (3D / 2D), to various aspects of the calculations or to comparison methods between model and experimental data. A previous sensitivity analysis performed with the 3D model had shown that the effect of considering only diffusion along the bedding planes (De||/De⊥ = 100) was relatively minor, causing only a significant effect on tracer distribution in the rock near the top and bottom edges of the injection interval. The differences between the two sets of results are small and confirm the smaller effective diffusion coefficient and accessible porosity of I− with respect to HDO. The results corresponding to 6Li+ and 87Rb+ have also been modeled using both 2D and 3D approaches. For 6Li+ (C0 = 3 × 10−5 mol/l), the best fit for both models was achieved with De|| ≈ 7 × 10−11 m2/s, Kd ≈ 0.2 l/kg and φ = 0.15–0.16. The De and Kd values are very similar to those obtained previously for Na+ at Mont Terri. This Kd value is certainly larger than what was initially expected. Regarding 87Rb+ (C0 = 3 × 10−7 mol/l), only three profiles were finally measured, and they showed significant variability. This variability has also been observed for other strongly sorbing tracers (Cs+, Co2+) in the DI-A and DI-A2 in situ experiments at Mont Terri. It has not been possible to obtain unique values for De|| and Kd for 87Rb+, although strong sorption has been confirmed.The assistance from the site support group under the lead of Andreas Möri and funding from Enresa and Nagra are gratefully acknowledged

Patología neurológica en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de tercer nivel. Evolución funcional. Nuestra experiencia

Introducción La enfermedad neurológica representa una parte importante en las unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) y es causa de morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución funcional del niño crítico con enfermedad neurológica. Material y método Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, de niños con enfermedad neurológica ingresados en una UCIP durante 3 años (2012-2014), valorando pronóstico vital y funcional, al alta y al año del ingreso, según las Categorías de estado general y cerebral pediátrico (CEGP-CECP) y la Escala de estado funcional (FSS). Los resultados se comparan con nuestros datos previos (años 1990-1999) y con los del estudio multicéntrico internacional PANGEA. Resultados Se estudió a 266 niños. La mortalidad fue del 3%, sin que los modelos PRISM-II y PIM2 muestren capacidad predictiva. La salud funcional refleja empeoramiento clínicamente significativo al alta de UCIP, en el 30% según CEGP, en el 15% según CECP y en el 5% según FSS. Transcurrido un año, la funcionalidad mejora según CEGP-CECP, pero no según FSS. Los niños sin enfermedad neurológica de base presentan afectación funcional en mayor porcentaje, que se mantiene en el tiempo. Comparada con nuestros datos previos, la mortalidad global y neurocrítica disminuye (5, 60 vs. 2, 1%; p = 0, 0003 y 8, 44 vs. 2, 63%; p = 0, 0014, respectivamente). En relación con el estudio multicéntrico PANGEA, tanto la mortalidad como el empeoramiento funcional cerebral del niño neurocrítico son menores en el estudio actual (1, 05 vs. 13, 32%; p < 0, 0001 y 10, 47 vs. 23, 79%; p < 0, 0001, respectivamente). Conclusiones Alrededor de un tercio de los niños críticos muestran enfermedad neurológica. Un porcentaje importante, sobre todo de niños sin enfermedad neurológica basal, presenta repercusión funcional clínicamente significativa al alta de UCIP y transcurrido un año. La repercusión en el pronóstico funcional del niño crítico apoya la importancia de la neuromonitorización y neuroprotección, medidas necesarias para mejorar la asistencia del niño crítico y la valoración evolutiva de la salud funcional

Valoración funcional tras tratamiento neurointensivo pediátrico. Nueva escala de estado funcional (FSS)

Introducción: La salud funcional, parámetro adecuado de morbilidad, debería constituir un estándar pronóstico de las unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP), siendo fundamental el desarrollo de escalas para su valoración. Las categorías de estado global y cerebral pediátrico (CEGP-CECP) se han empleado clásicamente en estudios pediátricos; el desarrollo de la nueva Escala de estado funcional (FSS) busca mejorar la objetividad. El objetivo del trabajo es comprobar si la escala FSS es un instrumento válido frente a la clásica CEGP-CECP, y si, incluso, posee mejores cualidades evaluadoras de la funcionalidad neurológica. Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de los 266 niños con enfermedad neurológica ingresados en la UCIP durante 3 años (2012-2014). Se valora su salud funcional al alta y tras un año del ingreso en UCIP, según las categorías CEGP-CECP y la nueva FSS, comparando ambas escalas mediante análisis de correlación (Rho de Spearman). Resultados: La comparación de varianzas de FSSglobal en cada intervalo de CEGP muestra buena correlación para todas las comparaciones (p < 0, 001), excepto en la categoría «5 = coma-vegetativo». La dispersión de FSSglobal aumenta a medida que lo hace la categoría CEGP. La correlación es similar en la versión neurológica de ambas escalas. Discusión: La nueva escala FSS parece ser un método útil para evaluar salud funcional en nuestro medio, tras su comparación con las clásicas categorías CEGP-CECP. La dispersión de los valores de la escala FSS indica falta de precisión del sistema CEGP-CECP, comparado con la nueva escala FSS, más desglosada y objetiva

Assessing Evidence for a Pervasive Alteration in Tropical Tree Communities

In Amazonian tropical forests, recent studies have reported increases in aboveground biomass and in primary productivity, as well as shifts in plant species composition favouring fast-growing species over slow-growing ones. This pervasive alteration of mature tropical forests was attributed to global environmental change, such as an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, nutrient deposition, temperature, drought frequency, and/or irradiance. We used standardized, repeated measurements of over 2 million trees in ten large (16–52 ha each) forest plots on three continents to evaluate the generality of these findings across tropical forests. Aboveground biomass increased at seven of our ten plots, significantly so at four plots, and showed a large decrease at a single plot. Carbon accumulation pooled across sites was significant (+0.24 MgC ha−1 y−1, 95% confidence intervals [0.07, 0.39] MgC ha−1 y−1), but lower than reported previously for Amazonia. At three sites for which we had data for multiple census intervals, we found no concerted increase in biomass gain, in conflict with the increased productivity hypothesis. Over all ten plots, the fastest-growing quartile of species gained biomass (+0.33 [0.09, 0.55] % y−1) compared with the tree community as a whole (+0.15 % y−1); however, this significant trend was due to a single plot. Biomass of slow-growing species increased significantly when calculated over all plots (+0.21 [0.02, 0.37] % y−1), and in half of our plots when calculated individually. Our results do not support the hypothesis that fast-growing species are consistently increasing in dominance in tropical tree communities. Instead, they suggest that our plots may be simultaneously recovering from past disturbances and affected by changes in resource availability. More long-term studies are necessary to clarify the contribution of global change to the functioning of tropical forests