皮膚電極から記録した全視野網膜電図の年齢による影響

藤田医科大

外反母祉における種子骨の偏位と関節症変化の関係

BACKGROUND: Although the tangential sesamoid view is used to visualize the sesamoid position relative to the first metatarsal head, correctly evaluating patients with severe varus of the first metatarsal is difficult. Computed tomography (CT) can be helpful due to its cross-sectional images in any plane. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the alignment of the tibial sesamoid and investigate the relationship between malalignment and degenerative change in the sesamoid metatarsal joint (SMJ) using simulated weight-bearing CT imaging in patients with hallux valgus. METHODS: In total, 269 feet from 142 patients with hallux valgus were included. The mean age was 63.7 years (range, 33-87 years). An anteroposterior weight-bearing radiograph was assessed for sesamoid position into 3 grades: grade 1, the tibial sesamoid was medial to the axis of the first metatarsal; grade 2, the tibial sesamoid was located below the first metatarsal axis; and grade 3, the tibial sesamoid was lateral to the first metatarsal axis. The hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles (HVA and IMA, respectively) were measured. The lateral shift of the tibial sesamoid relative to the first metatarsal was classified into 3 grades on simulated weight-bearing CT classification: grade 1, tibial sesamoid was entirely medial to the intersesamoid ridge; grade 2, tibial sesamoid was subluxated laterally but located below the intersesamoid ridge; and grade 3, tibial sesamoid was located entirely lateral to the intersesamoid ridge. The differences of HVA and IMA in each grade were confirmed by using 1-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc corrections. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict the degenerative change in the SMJ for age, sex, sesamoid position determined by CT or plain radiography, HVA, and IMA. The χ2 test was used for descriptive statistics to analyze the agreement between radiography or CT classifications of sesamoid position against degenerative change in the SMJ. RESULTS: Based on the radiographic classification of the tibial sesamoid position, 7 feet were classified as grade 1, 72 were grade 2, and 190 were grade 3, respectively. Based on the CT classification, 34 feet were classified as grade 1, 116 were grade 2, and 119 were grade 3. Degenerative change in SMJ progressed according to the sesamoid shift relative to the first metatarsal using either radiography or CT. In radiography, statistically significant differences were found except for the difference in HVA between grades 1 and 2. In addition, statistically significant differences were found between HVA and IMA, along with the grades in CT.In multiple linear regression, degenerative change was correlated with age and sesamoid position in CT and radiographic classifications. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that lateral shift of the tibial sesamoid increased in association with progression of the hallux valgus deformity. Furthermore, increasing lateral shift of the tibial sesamoid was associated with worsening degenerative change within the SMJ. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative study.博士（医学）・甲第657号・平成28年11月24日© Copyright 2016 American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle SocietyThe definitive version is available at " http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100716661827

Treatment of Mouse Limb Ischemia with an Integrative Hypoxia-Responsive Vector Expressing the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene

Constitutive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression systems have been extensively used to treat peripheral arterial diseases, but most of the results have not been satisfactory. In this study, we designed a plasmid vector with a hypoxia-responsive element sequence incorporated into it with the phiC31 integrative system (pVHAVI) to allow long-term VEGF gene expression and to be activated under hypoxia. Repeated activations of VEGF gene expression under hypoxia were confirmed in HEK293 and C2C12 cells transfected with pVHAVI. In limb ischemic mice, the local administration of pVHAVI promoted gastrocnemius mass and force recovery and ameliorated limb necrosis much better than the group treated with hypoxia-insensitive vector, even this last group had produced more VEGF in muscle. Histological analyses carried out after four weeks of gene therapy showed increased capillary density and matured vessels, and reduced number of necrotic cells and fibrosis in pVHAVI treated group. By our study, we demonstrate that the presence of high concentration of VEGF in ischemic tissue is not beneficial or is less beneficial than maintaining a lower but sufficient and long-term concentration of VEGF locally

Aspectos morfológicos dos órgãos genitais femininos do gambá (Didelphis sp.)

Eight reproductive systems of opossum females of had been collected (Didelphis sp). Five, had been destined to macrocospic study and three to the microscopical study. These animals were died and fixeded in the Department of Anatomy of the UNIfeob, with formaldehyde 10% from Araçatuba scientific creator - IBAMA. For macrocospic analysis, the reproductive systems had been removed, keeping to its positions "in situ" and were carried through the photographic documentation for macrocospic results. For the microscopical study, the reproductive system was processed routinely by the technique of inclusion in similar of paraffin and cut with 5µm thickness, and the cuts had been stained in HE, Toluidin blue, Picrosirius, PAS (periodic acid Shiff reaction) and tricromo de Masson16, 17. The feminine reproductive system of the opossum was compose for two ovaries, double uterus, two lateral vagins and between these a pseudovaginal canal, these three structures if they join forming the urogenital sinus locking up in a "pubic mount" or genital tubercle, forming an internal common opening to the anus and vulva, call of pseudocloaca or urogenital sinus. Microscopically the ovarios were functional with mono and poliovulares follicles. The uterine tube was characteristic, coated for ciliad prismatic epithelium. The uterine horns had presented epithelium of ciliad prismatic covering. The urogenital sinus presented three tubular structures. Vulva presented the same characteristics of the skin.Foram coletados oito sistemas reprodutores de fêmeas de gambás (Didelphis sp). Destes cinco, foram destinados ao estudo macroscópico e três ao estudo microscópico. Estes animais encontravam-se fixados no Departamento de Anatomia da UNIfeob, em formaldeído a 10%, provenientes do Criatório Científico de Araçatuba (IBAMA). Para análise macroscópica, os sistemas reprodutores foram retirados, guardando-se as devidas posições "in situ" e foi realizada a documentação fotográfica para resultados macroscópicos. Para o estudo microscópico, o sistema reprodutor foi processado rotineiramente pela técnica de inclusão em Paraplast e cortadas em micrótomo, com espessura média de 5 mm, e os cortes foram corados em HE, Azul de Toluidina, Picrosírius, PAS e tricromo de Masson16,17 . O sistema reprodutor feminino do gambá era composto por dois ovários, útero duplo, duas vaginas laterais e entre estas um canal pseudovaginal, estas três estruturas se unem formando o seio urogenital encerrando em um "monte" púbico ou tubérculo genital, formando uma abertura comum interna ao ânus e a vulva, chamada de pseudocloaca ou seio urogenital. Microscopicamente os ovários eram funcionais com folículos mono e poliovulares. A tuba uterina era característica, revestida por epitélio prismático ciliado. Os cornos uterinos apresentaram epitélio de revestimento prismático ciliado. O seio urogenital apresentou três estruturas tubulares. A vulva apresentou as mesmas características da pele

Protocol for collection and separation of bone marrow mononuclear cells in Chlorocebus aethiops

Abstract: Chlorocebus aethiops is a species of non-human primate frequently used in biomedical research. Some research involves this species as an experimental model for various diseases and possible treatment with stem cells. The bone marrow is one of the main sources of these cells and provides easy access. The aim of this study was to standardize the protocol of collection and separation of bone marrow in C. aethiops. Ten animals were submitted to puncture of bone marrow with access to the iliac crest and cell separation by density gradient. The bone marrow of C. aethiops had an average of 97% viability. From the results achieved, we can conclude that C. aethiops is an excellent model to obtain and isolate mononuclear cells from bone marrow, fostering several studies in the field of cell therapy

Expression of RNA interference triggers from an oncolytic herpes simplex virus results in specific silencing in tumour cells in vitro and tumours in vivo

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumours remains a major obstacle for the development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics. Following the promising pre-clinical and clinical results with the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) OncoVEX^GM-CSF, we aimed to express RNAi triggers from oncolytic HSV, which although has the potential to improve treatment by silencing tumour-related genes, was not considered possible due to the highly oncolytic properties of HSV.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To evaluate RNAi-mediated silencing from an oncolytic HSV backbone, we developed novel replicating HSV vectors expressing short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) or artificial microRNA (miRNA) against the reporter genes green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and β-galactosidase (lacZ). These vectors were tested in non-tumour cell lines <it>in vitro </it>and tumour cells that are moderately susceptible to HSV infection both <it>in vitro </it>and in mice xenografts <it>in vivo</it>. Silencing was assessed at the protein level by fluorescent microscopy, x-gal staining, enzyme activity assay, and western blotting.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that it is possible to express shRNA and artificial miRNA from an oncolytic HSV backbone, which had not been previously investigated. Furthermore, oncolytic HSV-mediated delivery of RNAi triggers resulted in effective and specific silencing of targeted genes in tumour cells <it>in vitro </it>and tumours <it>in vivo</it>, with the viruses expressing artificial miRNA being comprehensibly more effective.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This preliminary data provide the first demonstration of oncolytic HSV-mediated expression of shRNA or artificial miRNA and silencing of targeted genes in tumour cells <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo</it>. The vectors developed in this study are being adapted to silence tumour-related genes in an ongoing study that aims to improve the effectiveness of oncolytic HSV treatment in tumours that are moderately susceptible to HSV infection and thus, potentially improve response rates seen in human clinical trials.</p

Semaphorin, neuropilin and VEGF expression in glial tumours: SEMA3G, a prognostic marker?

Gliomas are characterised by local infiltration, migration of tumour cells across long distances and sustained angiogenesis; therefore, proteins involved in these processes are most likely important. Such candidates are semaphorins involved in axon guidance and cell migration. In addition, semaphorins regulate tumour progression and angiogenesis. For cell signalling, class-4 semaphorins bind directly to plexins, whereas class-3 semaphorins require additional neuropilin (NRP) receptors that also bind VEGF165. The anti-angiogenic activity of class-3 semaphorins can be explained by competition with VEGF165 for NRP binding. In this study, we analysed the expressions of seven semaphorins of class-3, SEMA4D, VEGF and the NRP1 and NRP2 receptors in 38 adult glial tumours. In these tumours, SEMA3B, SEMA3G and NRP2 expressions were related to prolonged survival. In addition, SEMA3D expression was reduced in high-grade as compared with low-grade gliomas. In contrast, VEGF correlated with higher grade and poor survival. Thus, our data suggest a function for a subset of class-3 semaphorins as inhibitors of tumour progression, and the prognostic value of the VEGF/SEMA3 balance in adult gliomas. Moreover, in multivariate analysis, SEMA3G was found to be the only significant prognostic marker