Mediating Possibility after Suffering: Meaning Making of the Micro-political through Digital Media

CARGC Paper 9, “Mediating Possibility after Suffering: Meaning Making of the Micro-political through Digital Media,” by CARGC Postdoctoral Fellow, Samira Rajabi, is based on Rajabi’s 2018 CARGC Colloquium. Using three empirical case studies from Instagram, Rajabi examines the Trump administration’s 2017 travel ban as a traumatic experience and its digital mediation. First exploring a general understanding of trauma as it relates to global media studies, she then develops the notion of “symbolic trauma” to understand how Iranian-Americans mediated the travel ban’s effects.https://repository.upenn.edu/cargc_papers/1008/thumbnail.jp

Radiolabeling of Herceptin with 99mTc as a Her2 tracer

Introduction: Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that is used in treating breast cancer. We labeled this monoclonal antibody with Technetium-99m and performed in vitro and in vivo quality control tests as a first step in the production of a new radiopharmaceutical. Methods: Trastuzumab was labeled with Technetium-99m using Succinimidyl Hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) as chelator. Radiochemical Purity and stability in buffer and serum were determined. Immunoreactivity and toxicity of the complex were tested on SKBR3, MCF7 and A431 breast cancer cell lines. Biodistribution study was performed in normal mice at 4 and 24 h post injection.Results: The radiochemical purity of the complex was 95±1.4%. The stabilities in phosphate buffer and in human blood serum at 24 h post preparation were 85±3.5% and 74±1.2%, respectively. The immunoreactivity of the complex was 86±1.4%. The binding of labeled antibody to the surface of SKBR3, MCF7 and A431 cells were increased by increasing Her2 concentration on the cells surface.Conclusions: The findings showed that the new radiopharmaceutical can be a promising candidate as Her2 antigen scanning for human breast cancer

Living Contingent Lives Online: How Mediations of Trauma Foster Meaning-Making and Articulations of Voice in Digital Spaces

With rapidly changing and proliferating digital platforms, individuals are able to mediate their daily lives more rapidly and with more flexibility regarding modality and format. The flexibility and affordances enabled by the spaces created by various digital online platforms provide users of these platforms spaces through which to communicate their authentic, or perceived authentic, mediations of various life experiences. Traumatic events are particularly interesting when mediated online because of the way trauma acts on a person’s previously held beliefs about themselves and about the world (Janoff-Bulman, 1989). When trauma interrupts a person’s ability to believe certain truths about the world, those individuals seek out spaces through which to explore, articulate, and communicate new meanings. Digital spaces are particularly salient places through which to negotiate meaning, particular when life feels contingent upon the recovery from, or overcoming of a traumatic event. The digital spaces explored in this dissertation are social media spaces where users can post or share information about themselves or others, and interact with other users. Within these spaces users can mediate and re-mediate their traumatic experiences or instances of trauma they have witnessed and been traumatized by, thus producing and negotiating new meanings. This dissertation investigates how users behave online when exploring difficult to contend with subject matter. Working from a broad range of interdisciplinary theories, this research attempts to use a feminist post-structuralist lens among others to explore the possibility for changes in discourse inherent in the mediations and articulations made online by those who seek to discover new and changing ways of knowing, because they are forced to do so through traumatic experience. Using three case studies to empirically explore the intersections of media and trauma, this research yields a dynamic theoretical framework to account for how digital users engage with media during times of suffering that may also have applications for broader research of digital media

The Spectroscopic Orbits of Five Solar Type, Single Lined Binaries

We have determined spectroscopic orbits for five single-lined spectroscopic binaries, HD 100167, HD 135991, HD 140667, HD 158222, HD 217924. Their periods range from 60.6 to 2403 days and the eccentricities, from 0.20 to 0.84. Our spectral classes for the stars confirm that they are of solar type, F9 to G5, and all are dwarfs. Their [Fe/H] abundances, determined spectroscopically, are close to the solar value and on average are 0.12 greater than abundances from a photometric calibration. Four of the five stars are rotating faster than their predicted pseudosynchronous rotational velocities.Comment: 12 pages emulateap

Analysis of the Rule of Fair Trial in Quasi-Judicial Authorities in the Light of Charter of Citizenship Rights Adopted in 2016

زمینه و هدف: عدالت ویژگی جدایی‌ناپذیر در هر دادرسی به ویژه دادرسی‌های مراجع شبه‌قضایی است. رعایت عدالت برای سیستم قضایی را می‌توان در چند بخش دارای ضمانت اجرا مشاهده نمود، از جمله اصول بیان‌شده در قانون اساسی و منشور حقوق شهروندی مصوب 1395، معاهدات بین‌المللی و همچنین در منابع فقهی، اصل دادرسی عادلانه می باشد.. هدف ما در این مقاله بررسی نقش اصول دادرسی عادلانه در جریان دادرسی مراجع شبه‌قضایی در پرتو منشور حقوق شهروندی است. یافته های تحقیق:یافته های تحقیق حاکی از این است که قواعد دادرسی عادلانه در مراحل دادرسی توسط نهادهای شبه قضایی آنچنان که بایسته و شایسته است رعایت نمی گردد. زیرا امکان رعایت اصول دادرسی عادلانه و تساوی سلاح ها که از جمله اصول حاکم بر دادرسی عادلانه می باشد حاکم نمی باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: با دخالت دولت در بسیاری از امور روابط جدیدی شکل گرفت که نیاز به نوعی دادرسی خاص و در نتیجه اطلاعات فنی و آگاهی‌های تخصصی در رشته وابسته به آن‌ها داشت. از طرف دیگر، رفع اختلافات ناشی از آن روابط، نیازمند سرعت عمل و اتخاذ تصمیم سریع بود که با طبع مراجع قضایی عمومی و آیین دادرسی آن سازگار نبود، پس مراجعی در خارج از سامانه مراجع عمومی قضایی، با عنوان‌های سازمان، هیأت، کمیسیون‌های حل اختلاف و... به وجود آمدند که بر اساس قوانین ماهوی و شکلی ویژه، به اختلافاتی که از اجرای قوانین خاص ناشی می‌گردد، رسیدگی می‌نمایند.Background and Aim: Justice is an inseparable feature in any trial, especially the proceedings of quasi-judicial authorities. Observance of justice for the judicial system can be observed in several sections with a guarantee of implementation: including the principles stated in the Constitution and the Charter of Civil Rights adopted in 2016, international treaties and also in jurisprudential sources. Our purpose in this article is to examine the role of the principles of fair trial in the proceedings of quasi-judicial authorities in the light of the Charter of Civil Rights. Materials and Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical using library resources. Conclusion: With the involvement of the government in many matters, new relationships were formed that required a special kind of trial and information and specialized knowledge in the field related to them. On the other hand, resolving disputes arising from those relationships required speed of action and quick decision-making that was inconsistent with the nature of the public judiciary and its procedure. Therefore, authorities were created outside the system of general judicial authorities, with the titles of organization, board, dispute resolution commissions, etc. which deal with disputes arising from the implementation of special laws based on substantive and special laws.   Please cite this article as: Fardoost GH, Rajabi A, Rajabiyeh MH, Golkhandan S. Analysis of the Rule of Fair Trial in Quasi-Judicial Authorities in the Light of Charter of Citizenship Rights Adopted in 2016. Bioethics Journal, Special Issue on Citizenship Rights, Autumn 2018; 213-227

Corneal topography and higher-order aberrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Changes in blood sugar levels cause alterations in the anterior segment and retina of the eye. This study was aimed at evaluating corneal topography, aberrometry, and corneal asphericity in patients with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Participants with treatment-naive T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria were glycated hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) greater than or equal to 7.5% and absence of other ocular or systemic diseases. Patients who refused to participate or had a history of topical or systemic steroid use, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, anemia, prior ocular disorder or surgery, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataract, active ocular inflammatory or infectious disease, or contact lens use were excluded. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. The Pentacam HR Scheimpflug tomography system (Pentacam High Resolution; Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) was used to measure the anterior-segment parameters. Results: Sixty eyes of 30 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1 were included; the mean (standard deviation [SD]) age and Hb A1c were 51.63 (6.73) years and 8.82% (1.31%), respectively. The mean (SD) values of central corneal thickness, root mean square (RMS) of total aberration, RMS of lower-order aberrations, RMS of higher-order aberrations, spherical aberration, 0° coma, 90° coma, flat anterior keratometry (K), steep anterior K, mean anterior K, anterior topographic astigmatism, flat posterior K, steep posterior K, mean posterior K, posterior topographic astigmatism, anterior corneal asphericity, and posterior corneal asphericity were 540.22 (24.47) µm, 1.72 (0.73) µm, 1.63 (0.73) µm, 0.51 (0.17) µm, + 0.31 (0.09) µm, - 0.06 (0.15) diopters (D), 0.003 (0.21) D, 43.87 (1.49) D, 44.69 (1.50) D, 44.28 (1.44) D, + 0.82 (0.83) D, - 6.25 (0.27) D, - 6.55 (0.31) D, - 6.40 (0.28) D, - 0.30 (0.15) D, - 0.32 (0.12) Q-value, and - 0.47 (0.17) Q-value, respectively. Conclusions: We presented the mean values of Pentacam parameters for aberrometry, keratometry, and corneal asphericity in patients with treatment-naive T2DM. These values could serve as a baseline for prospective monitoring of the ocular health status of this cohort and for comparison with future cohorts of patients with well-controlled T2DM. Further studies are required to assess the presence and applicability of ocular changes following intensive blood glucose control in T2DM and further understand the related pathophysiology

Examining the Relationship between Sleep Quality and Academic Performance with the Degree of Dependence on Smartphone during the Coronavirus Pandemic

Background and Objective: After the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Iran, to pre-vent the spread of coronavirus, it was decided for classes to be held virtually. Even though this decision reduced the spread of the virus, the students were exposed to smartphone addiction, which is believed to have high comorbidity with psychological problems. The current study aims to examine the relationship between sleep quality and academic per-formance with the degree of dependence on smartphone during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The current research was a cross-sectional study with 254 adolescent students participating in virtual classes. This study was conducted in 2020-2021. The participants filled out the following questionnaires online: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), smartphone addiction scale (SAS), and Educational Performance Test (EPT). The data were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics [frequency, pearson correlation, mean, standard deviation (SD)], and inferential statistics (simultaneous regression) (P < 0.05). Results: There was a significant correlation between components of addiction to the Internet and the study’s variables. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between Internet addiction and academic performance (Pearson correlation = -0.57, P = 0.01) and between Internet addiction and sleep quality (Pearson correlation = 0.47, P = 0.01). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that after the COVID-19 pandemic and virtual education, Internet addiction could be a risk factor for decreasing sleep quality and academic performance in students

Spectro-interferometric observations of classical nova V458 Vul 2007

We used the Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) to resolve 2.2 $\mu$m emission from the classical nova V458 Vul 2007 over the course of several days following its discovery on 2007 August 8.54 UT. We also obtained K-band photometric data and spectra of the nova during the early days of the outburst. We also used photometric measurements from the AAVSO database. This is a unique data set offering a 3-technique approach: high-resolution imaging, spectroscopy and photometry. Our analysis shows that the nova ejecta can be modeled as an inclined disk at low inclination i.e. low ellipticity which is consistent with the nova being in the fireball phase at which the outflowing gas is optically thick, confirmed by the presence of strong P-Cygni Balmer lines in the spectra. The expansion velocity is $\approx$1700 $\rm km\ s^{-1}$, derived from the H$\alpha$ line. By combining the nova's angular expansion rate measured by PTI with the expansion rate measured from spectroscopy, the inferred distance to the nova is 9.9-11.4 kpc. We also used the K-band fluxes and the derived size of the emission to estimate the total mass ejected from the nova $\approx 4\times 10^{-4} M_{\odot}$. The quick transition of the nova from Fe II to He/N class makes V458 Vul 2007 a hybrid nova.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are significant problems as public health issues which need attention. Such infections are significant problems for society and healthcare organizations. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and a meta-analysis to analyze the prevalence of HAIs globally.   Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science between 2000 and June 2021. We found 7031 articles. After removing the duplicates, 5430 studies were screened based on the titles/abstracts. Then, we systematically evaluated the full texts of the 1909 remaining studies and selected 400 records with 29,159,630 participants for meta-analysis. Random-effects model was used for the analysis, and heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test were conducted.   Results: The rate of universal HAIs was 0.14 percent. The rate of HAIs is increasing by 0.06 percent annually. The highest rate of HAIs was in the AFR, while the lowest prevalence were in AMR and WPR. Besides, AFR prevalence in central Africa is higher than in other parts of the world by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22-0.34). Besides, E. coli infected patients more than other micro-organisms such as Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In hospital wards, Transplant, and Neonatal wards and ICU had the highest rates. The prevalence of HAIs was higher in men than in women.   Conclusion: We identified several essential details about the rate of HAIs in various parts of the world. The HAIs rate and the most common micro-organism were different in various contexts. However, several essential gaps were also identified. The study findings can help hospital managers and health policy makers identify the reason for HAIs and apply effective control programs to implement different plans to reduce the HAIs rate and the financial costs of such infections and save resources

ضرورت جهانی‌شدن وکالت با تکیه بر اصول اخلاقی

Background and Aim: The formation of transnational crimes, the globalization of crime and the inability of domestic legal systems to combat these crimes have led to establishment of international courts and the establishment of the International Criminal Court, as well as the recognition of universal jurisdiction in domestic courts; Although the presence of a lawyer is not possible according to legal rules, ethical principles and teachings require that a lawyer be able to defend his client at the international level. The purpose of this study is to explain the need for the globalization of advocacy in the light of ethical principles. Materials and Methods: This article has been done by descriptive-analytical method, using library resources and taking notes. Ethical Considerations: This article has been prepared and compiled based on the ethical principles of honesty and trustworthiness. Findings: Findings show that with the process of globalization following the development of transportation and communication, the emergence and expansion of cyberspace, increasing movement and migration, new opportunities and areas for citizens has been provided to file lawsuits in various courts at the international level, and in this regard, following the international lawsuits, it is necessary to defend the convicts in the international scene, that national and international laws should take steps to facilitate the globalization of advocacy in line with the changes that have taken place. Conclusion: Today, with the removal of borders, we are witnessing globalization and consequently, the increase of crimes. The formation of international courts and international police to combat transnational crimes also confirms the need for the globalization of advocacy. Therefore, this has been emphasized in international documents. There are also problems that challenge the possibility of globalization of advocacy, including legal aspects such as the principle of territorial jurisdiction and the condition of citizenship in issuing a license for a lawyer. &nbsp; Cite this article as: Nazari M, Rajabi A, Golkhandan S. The Necessity for Globalization of Advocacy Based on Ethical Principles. Majale "Akhlāq-i zīstī" (i.e., Bioethics Journal). 2021; 11(36): e33.زمینه و هدف: شکل‌گیری جرائم فراملی، جهانی‌شدن جرم و ناتوانی نظام‌های حقوقی داخلی در مبارزه با این جرائم سبب گردید تا با ایجاد دادگاه‌های بین‌المللی و تأسیس دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی و همچنین پذیرش صلاحیت جهانی در محاکم داخلی، امکان رسیدگی به جرائم فراملی فراهم گردد؛ ولو این­که بر اساس قواعد حقوقی امکان حضور وکیل فراهم نباشد، اما اصول و آموزه‌های اخلاقی ایجاب می‌نماید که وکیل بتواند از موکل خود در عرصه بین‌المللی دفاع نماید. هدف این تحقیق تبیین‌ لزوم جهانی‌شدن وکالت در پرتو اصول اخلاقی است. مواد و روش‌ها: این مقاله به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، با بهره‌گیری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و با استفاده از ابزار فیش‌برداری تهیه و تدوین گردیده است. ملاحظات اخلاقی: از ابتدا تا انتهای مقاله با تکیه بر اصول اخلاقی صداقت و امانتداری تهیه و تدوین گردیده است. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها حاکی از این است که با فرآیند جهانى‌شدن به دنبال پیشرفت و توسعه حمل و نقل، وسائل ارتباطات، ظهور و گسترش روزافزون فضاى سایبر، افزایش بیش از پیش جا به جایى و مهاجرت، فرصت‌ها و زمینه‌هاى جدیدى را براى طرح دعاوى در سطوح بین‌المللى توسط اتباع در محاكم مختلف فراهم نموده است و در همین راستا به دنبال طرح دعاوی بین‌المللی ضرورت دفاع از محکومین در عرصه جهانی احساس می‌گردد که باید قوانین ملی و بین‌المللی همگام با تغییرات حادث‌شده، به سمت تسهیل جهانی‌شدن وکالت گام بردارند. نتیجه‌گیری: امروزه با حذف مرزها، شاهد جهانى‌شدن و به تبع آن تولد و فزونى جرائم می‌باشیم. شکل‌گیری محاکم بین‌المللی و پلیس بین‌الملل در جهت مبارزه با جرائم فراملی بر ضرورت جهانى‌شدن وكالت نیز صحه می‌گذارد. از این رو در اسناد بین‌المللى بر این امر تأكید شده است. در این میان موانعى نیز وجود دارد كه امكان جهانى‌شدن وكالت را به چالش می‌كشاند و از آن جمله می‌توان از موانع حقوقى مانند اصل صلاحیت سرزمینى و شرط تابعیت در صدور جواز وكالت نام برد. همچنین از چالش‌هاى فرهنگى كه سرعت این فرایند را كند می‌نماید نیز نباید غافل بود