Production of silica gel from residual rice husk ash

This paper presents a study on the production of silica gel in hydrothermal process using residual rice husk ash. Measurements of the chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, particle size distribution, and pozzolanic activity were carried out in order to characterize the obtained material, and the optimal silica gel was selected for use as a mineral additive in cement pastes. The compressive strengths were determined for cement pastes containing silica gel (0.0, 2.5 or 5% by mass) in different times. The results indicate that the mixtures containing silica gel showed improved mechanical behavior over all time periods evaluated.FAPEAMCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CNP

Estilo de vida ativo na redução de transtornos de depressão em adultos jovens: uma revisão integrativa

Introdução: A depressão é uma doença psiquiátrica crônica, cada vez mais presente na sociedade, afetando de forma direta e negativamente a saúde física e psicológica dos indivíduos, em decorrência de inúmeros fatores. Dessa forma, considerando episódios contínuos de estresse, rotinas exaustivas e situações traumáticas, o público adulto jovem tende a ser os mais suscetíveis aos transtornos depressivos. Objetivo: Analisar o estilo de vida ativo como fator na redução dos transtornos de depressão em adultos jovens. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão do tipo integrativa, realizada através de buscas em sites de Revistas Científicas e nas seguintes bases de dados: Google acadêmico, Scielo, e Pubmed, de artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos no Brasil. Sendo incluídos os descritores: Depressão, depressão em jovens, exercício físico, depressão e exercício físico. Resultados: Dentre os 56 artigos que englobam a temática do trabalho, apenas 08 atenderam de forma adequada aos aspectos de inclusão, evidenciando o estilo de vida ativo como provedor de qualidade de vida e redução dos transtornos mentais em adultos jovens. Considerações finais: O estilo de vida ativo colabora tanto de forma preventiva como auxilia no tratamento tradicional para a redução dos transtornos depressivos do público em questão, uma vez que, a prática dos exercícios promove a liberação e ativação de neurotransmissores importantes como: serotonina, dopamina e endorfina que atuam respectivamente sobre a sensação de bem-estar, alegria, satisfação, relaxamento, contribuindo para o aumento da autoestima, interesse e melhoria do humor

Prevalence of cognitive impairment before prostate cancer treatment

Cognitive impairment is common among patients with different types of cancer, even before cancer treatment, but no data were reported among patients with prostate cancer (PCa), who may be at high risk due to advanced age. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment before PCa treatment. Between February 2018 and April 2021, the NEON-PC cohort recruited 605 patients with PCa proposed for treatment at the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive performance. Participants with a MoCA n = 351 men aged ≥40 years, evaluated in 2013–2015) were used for comparison. The prevalence of PCI was 17.4% in EPIPorto and 14.7% in NEON-PC (age- and education-adjusted odds ratio: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.58,1.18). Neuropsychological assessment was performed in 63 patients with PCa: 54.0% had cognitive impairment. These results suggest that the impact of PCa on cognitive performance could be negligible in the short term, contrary to what other studies have reported regarding other types of cancer.This study was funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization, national funding from the Foundation for Science and Technology-FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education) under the project ‘NEON-PC-Neuro-oncological complications of prostate cancer: longitudinal study of cognitive decline’ (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032358; Ref. PTDC/SAU-EPI/32358/2017), and the Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit; UIDB/04750/2020) and ITR (LA/P/0064/2020), financed by national funds from FCT. A.C., C.L., and S.M. were funded under the scope of the project ‘NEON-PC—Neuro-oncological complications of prostate cancer: longitudinal study of cognitive decline’ (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032358; Ref. PTDC/SAU-EPI/32358/2017). S.M. also received funding under EPIunit-Junior Research-Prog Financing (UIDP/04750/2020). An individual PhD grant attributed to N.A. (SFRH/BD/119390/2016) was funded by FCT and the ‘Programa Operacional Capital Humano’ (POCH/FSE)

Anxiety and depression in patients with prostate cancer, at cancer diagnosis and after a one-year follow-up

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent among men, and psychological symptoms may affect many patients. This study aims to describe the prevalence of probable anxiety and depression before PCa treatments and after one year and to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with these outcomes. Between February 2018 and March 2020, 292 patients recently diagnosed with PCa were recruited at the Instituto Português de Oncologia—Porto. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to define probable anxiety and depression (cutoff = 11). The prevalence of probable anxiety remained stable from baseline to one year (7.8% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.866) while there was an increase in probable depression (3.1% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.012). After one year, probable depression persisted in 55.6% of patients with probable depression at baseline and 47.8% of those with probable anxiety at the first assessment had normal anxiety scores. At baseline, anxiety was more frequent among dwellers in rural areas (adjusted odds ratio—aOR, 95%CI: 2.80, 0.91–8.58) and less frequent in patients with body mass index 25–29.9 kg/m2 (aOR, 95%CI: 0.33, 0.12–0.91) compared to 18.5–24.9 Kg/m2, while those living alone had higher odds of depression (aOR, 95%CI: 6.35, 1.43–28.30). The frequency of anxiety and depression fluctuated during the course of treatment. Monitoring these symptoms would identify the most affected patients, contributing for a better use of mental health services.This study was funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization, and national funding from the Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education) under the project “NEON-PC—Neuro-oncological complications of prostate cancer: longitudinal study of cognitive decline” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032358; Ref. PTDC/SAU-EPI/32358/2017), and the Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit, UIDB/04750/2020; ITR, LA/P/0064/2020) financed by national funds from FCT. AC, CL, and SM were funded under the scope of the project “NEON-PC—Neuro-oncological complications of prostate cancer: longitudinal study of cognitive decline” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032358; Ref. PTDC/SAU-EPI/32358/2017). SM also received funding under EPIUnit—Junior Research—Prog Financing (UIDP/04750/2020). An individual PhD grant attributed to NA (SFRH/BD/119390/2016) was funded by FCT and the “Programa Operacional Capital Humano” (POCH/FSE)

Intake of Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Gastric Cancer within the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project

Background: A potential association between proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) and gastric cancer remains undefined. Thus, we aimed to evaluate such association within the Stomach cancer Methods: Data from five case-control studies of the StoP Project were included (1,889 cases and 6,517 controls). We assessed the impact of different exposure definitions, specifically any reported use of PPIs and exposure definitions based on the duration of PPI intake. Additionally, we modeled the dose-response relationship between the cumulative duration of PPI intake and gastric cancer. Results: Significant associations between PPI intake and gastric cancer, both overall and in the stratified analyses, were limited to exposure definitions based on short durations of intake. The overall odds ratio (OR) for any reported PPI intake was 1.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-4.14]. In the dose-response analysis, the ORs of gastric cancer were found to be higher for short durations of PPI intake (6 months: OR 3.26; 95% CI: 2.40-4.42; one year: OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.69-2.70; 2 years: OR 1.50; 95% CI: 1.22-1.85; 3 years: OR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03-1.56), with the association becoming not significant for durations longer than 3 years. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the observed association between PPIs and gastric cancer might be mainly due to reverse causality. Impact: The results of this study suggest that PPIs area safe thera-peutic choice regarding their effect on the occurrence of gastric cancer. See related commentary by Richman and Leiman, p. 112

Antropologia em diálogo: a I Semana de Humanidades em Mossoró

Entre 8 e 12 de novembro de 2010, participamos da I Semana de Humanidades, realizada na Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Sociais (Fafic) da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte (Uern), em Mossoró (RN). O evento, que reuniu majoritariamente estudantes dos cursos de graduação das áreas de humanidades oriundos de universidades públicas nordestinas, contou com dez grupos de trabalho, nove mesas redondas, treze minicursos e seis oficinas. A conferência de abertura, “Ciência, modernidade e..

IMPACTOS DA MÍDIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS NA INSATISFAÇÃO DA IMAGEM CORPORAL EM ADOLESCENTES

Introduction: Body image is the perception of an individual's body, it is related to the vision and feeling in relation to the body, that is, it is the way the person recognizes it, since there are currently several domains of society, especially the media that influences this perception. Objective: To verify the impacts of the media and associated factors on body image dissatisfaction in adolescents. Methods: This is an integrative bibliographic review, carried out in the following databases: Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Virtual Health Library (VHL), published in Brazil in the last 10 years. The following descriptors were included: adolescent; body image; media and social network. Results: Of a total of 30 publications found, 06 articles met the proposed objectives. It became clear that the body image is formed throughout life through internal and external relations with the real and virtual worlds, adolescence is a phase of the life of the human being where the construction of this image occurs in a more structural way, thus forming its first foundations. Considerations: Finally, there is a need for professionals, parents and physical education teachers to keep this subject on the agenda in order to minimize the possible negative effects of unregulated, passive and uncritical use of social networks and encourage a balanced and healthy relationship between interactive ones.Introducción: La imagen corporal es la percepción del cuerpo de un individuo, está relacionada con la visión y el sentimiento en relación con el cuerpo, es decir, es la forma en que la persona lo reconoce, ya que actualmente existen varios dominios de la sociedad, especialmente los medios de comunicación que influyen en esta percepción. Objetivo: Verificar los impactos de los medios de comunicación y factores asociados en la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal en adolescentes. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, realizada en las siguientes bases de datos: Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), publicada en Brasil en los últimos 10 años. Se incluyeron los siguientes descriptores: adolescente; imagen corporal; Medios de comunicación y redes sociales. Resultados: De un total de 30 publicaciones encontradas, 06 artículos cumplieron con los objetivos propuestos. Quedó claro que la imagen corporal se forma a lo largo de la vida a través de las relaciones internas y externas con los mundos real y virtual, la adolescencia es una fase de la vida del ser humano donde la construcción de esta imagen ocurre de una manera más estructural, formando así sus primeros fundamentos. Consideraciones: Finalmente, existe la necesidad de que los profesionales, padres y profesores de educación física mantengan este tema en la agenda para minimizar los posibles efectos negativos del uso no regulado, pasivo y acrítico de las redes sociales y fomentar una relación equilibrada y saludable entre las interactivas. A imagem corporal é a percepção do corpo de um indivíduo, está relacionada com a visão e sentimento em relação ao corpo, ou seja, é o modo como a pessoa o reconhece, uma vez que, atualmente, existem variados domínios da sociedade, em especial a mídia que influencia nesta percepção. Objetivo: Verificar os impactos da mídia e fatores associados na insatisfação da imagem corporal em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), publicados no Brasil nos últimos 10 anos. Foram inclusos os seguintes descritores: adolescente; imagem corporal; mídia e rede social. Resultados: De um total de 30 publicações encontradas, 06 artigos atenderam aos objetivos propostos. Ficou claro que a imagem corporal é formada ao longo da vida através das relações internas e externas com o mundo real e virtual, pois a adolescência é uma fase da vida do ser humano em que a construção dessa imagem ocorre de forma mais estrutural, formando-se assim seus primeiros alicerces. Considerações: Por fim, existe a necessidade de profissionais, pais e professores de educação física manterem este assunto em pauta de forma a minimizar os possíveis efeitos negativos do uso desregulado, passivo e acrítico das redes sociais e incentivar uma relação equilibrada e saudável entre os interativos. A imagem corporal é a percepção do corpo de um indivíduo, está relacionada com a visão e sentimento em relação ao corpo, ou seja, é o modo como a pessoa o reconhece, uma vez que, atualmente, existem variados domínios da sociedade, em especial a mídia que influencia nesta percepção. Objetivo: Verificar os impactos da mídia e fatores associados na insatisfação da imagem corporal em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), publicados no Brasil nos últimos 10 anos. Foram inclusos os seguintes descritores: adolescente; imagem corporal; mídia e rede social. Resultados: De um total de 30 publicações encontradas, 06 artigos atenderam aos objetivos propostos. Ficou claro que a imagem corporal é formada ao longo da vida através das relações internas e externas com o mundo real e virtual, pois a adolescência é uma fase da vida do ser humano em que a construção dessa imagem ocorre de forma mais estrutural, formando-se assim seus primeiros alicerces. Considerações: Por fim, existe a necessidade de profissionais, pais e professores de educação física manterem este assunto em pauta de forma a minimizar os possíveis efeitos negativos do uso desregulado, passivo e acrítico das redes sociais e incentivar uma relação equilibrada e saudável entre os interativos

Inverse Association between Dietary Iron Intake and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies of the Stop Consortium

Background: Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We pooled data from 11 case-control studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total dietary iron intake was derived from food frequency questionnaires combined with national nutritional tables. We derived the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of dietary iron through multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. Secondary analyses stratified by sex, smoking status, caloric intake, anatomical subsite and histological type were performed. Results: Among 4658 cases and 12247 controls, dietary iron intake was inversely associated with GC (per quartile OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.93). Results were similar between cardia (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77-0.94) and non-cardia GC (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.94), and for diffuse (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69-0.89) and intestinal type (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.98). Iron intake exerted an independent effect from that of smoking and salt intake. Additional adjustment by meat and fruit/vegetable intake did not alter the results. Conclusions: Dietary iron is inversely related to GC, with no difference by subsite or histological type. While the results should be interpreted with caution, they provide evidence against a direct effect of iron in gastric carcinogenesis

Family History and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Pooled Investigation in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (STOP) Project Consortium

Although there is a clear relationship between family history (FH) and the risk of gastric cancer (GC), quantification is still needed in relation to different histological types and anatomical sites, and in strata of covariates. The objective was to analyze the risk of GC according to first-degree FH in a uniquely large epidemiological consortium of GC. This investigation includes 5946 cases and 12,776 controls from 17 studies of the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project consortium. Summary odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by pooling study-specific ORs using fixed-effect model meta-analysis techniques. Stratified analyses were carried out by sex, age, tumor location and histological type, smoking habit, socioeconomic status, alcohol intake and fruit consumption. The pooled OR for GC was 1.84 (95% CI: 1.64-2.04; I2 = 6.1%, P heterogeneity = 0.383) in subjects with vs. those without first-degree relatives with GC. No significant differences were observed among subgroups of sex, age, geographic area or study period. Associations tended to be stronger for non-cardia (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.59-2.05 for subjects with FH) than for cardia GC (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.98-1.77), and for the intestinal (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.62-2.23) than for the diffuse histotype (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.28-1.96). This analysis confirms the effect of FH on the risk of GC, reporting an approximately doubled risk, and provides further quantification of the risk of GC according to the subsite and histotype. Considering these findings, accounting for the presence of FH to carry out correct prevention and diagnosis measures is of the utmost importance