Pillars of Justice: Lawyers and the Liberal Tradition, by Owen Fiss

AT TIMES, IT IS POSSIBLE TO UNDERESTIMATE, or perhaps momentarily forget, the individuals who have been instrumental in shaping the evolution of the justice system. Thankfully, Pillars of Justice by Owen Fiss serves as a reminder of the resilience and the triumph of such individuals. Each chapter of the book is dedicated to someone who he considers to have made a significant contribution to justice, and, as such, has become a personal hero

Beyond Exhibitions

Over the last two decades, as the contemporary artworld grew to a planetary size—more galleries, more fairs, more art-selling websites, bigger museums, new biennials, and digital platforms—it seems that, along with it, a new cultural figure emerged: the international curator. Moreover, the practice of curation has metastasized into unconventional spaces and formats. Exhibitions are no longer confined to museums. They are no longer focused on art and artifacts but are often held at unlikely venues (physical and digital) and have grown to include other by-products of a culture such as architecture, design, and content. But what is the future of Curatorial Practice, and how would the international, independent curators of the future have to design and deliver compelling exhibitions that would connect to—and resonate with—a global audience? The following Major Research Project (MRP), examines the trajectory of Curatorial Practice as well as the role of curators, and their influence, as creators of exhibitions, on human development. It will analyze the trends, patterns, and signals of change in the contemporary artworld, foresighting the future of the practice and the role of curators in directing its development. The examined theory in this MRP is as follows: curators and their role have evolved to be major influencers in the global artworld. Moving forward, their future is hinged on how they tell stories about contemporary culture. It is a departure from their role in the past as merely 'organizers' of physical exhibitions where they collected the art and artifacts, placing them in museums. In the near future, the exhibitions must move away from having Curatorial Statements. Instead, they would benefit from connecting with their audience through a Curatorial Narrative, telling the story of the development of the content. These cultural figures, curators, need to understand the development of contemporary content from an intimate perspective and tell the story if its progress through the literary device of Reliable Narrator. This strategy, a subtle shift, will transform the design and delivery of the content for an exhibition. Narratives will also resonate with the future audience, presenting and documenting the current times, telling the stories of contemporary culture in the social, global context

CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF GREEN AND YELLOW GLAZE IN THE POTTERY BRICKS OF PERSEPOLIS

Abstract. This research paper is devoted to identifying the glazed Achaemenid bricks in Persepolis. So far,some studies have been carried out on the introduction on these bricks, but technical studies have not beenconducted. The glazed bricks reviewed in this paper are white, light green, dark green, dark brown, grey and yellow, and each color is surrounded by azure blue lines and separated from each other. Using X.R.D, S.E.M, D.T.A, T.G.A methods and more chemically, the bodies and glazes are identified, the body of this type of bricks is a very porous silica body. The light green, dark green and yellow glazes are made of lead. In the combination of all glazes, there are iron and magnesium, which probably existed in the original composition (base glaze), besides the color effects of impurities. After the extraction of the results of each test separately, the results were compared and the purpose of these tests was to recognize the glazes applied in these pottery bricks and this research is the result of laboratory studies of the authors.Key word: Persepolis, clay bricks, wet chemistry method, Yellow glaze, Green glaze, Lead glaze

THE DESTRUCTIVE IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SIMULTANEOUSLY ON MUSEUM CARPETS WITH NATURAL COMBINED FIBER (WOOL, COTTON AND SILK)

Abstract. Iranian carpet consists of organic matters of wool, cotton and silk and based on their highvulnerability against environmental conditions needs exact maintenance. There are some factors with direct effect on carpet destruction as temperature and humidity. Temperature and humidity destroy carpets and they are threats against these works or provide the conditions in which other factors damage the carpets. This is a threat against conservation of these works. Bad climate, the effect of high humidity and temperature can increase the molds and can destroy organic matters including carpets. This study is empirical-analytic. At first, based on museum carpets, the samples are taken and they are under bad temperature and humidity conditions. By different tests, tensile strength tests of length (according to national standard NO. 1147-1 with reference ISO13934-1:1999), tensile strength of width (according to national standard 1147-1 with reference ISO13934-1:1999), lint strength (according to national standard 894, reference ISO4919:1978), color stability with grey criterion (according to national standard 160 with reference ISO105-A03:1993) and color stability against rubbing (according to national standard 204 with reference ISO105-X12:2001), destructions of museum carpets are defined and preventive solutions of museum carpets against temperature and humidity are presented.Keywords: Silk, Wool, Cotton, Natural combined fiber, temperature, humidity, carpet, museum

a technological study on the 17th century raised gilded substrates in three royal palaces of isfahan iran

The raised substrates of gilding decorations, called lāyachīnīī in Persian, were widely used throughout the Safavid period (1501-1736 AD) in Iran. This paper presents the first analytical data obtained from the lāyachīnīs of three seventeenth century royal Safavid buildings (ʿAlī- Qāpū, Chihil-Sutūn, and Hasht-Bihisht) in Isfahan, Iran, using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Xray powder diffraction, and thin layer chromatography. According to the analytical data, different forms of calcium sulfate (dihydrate, β-hemihydrate, and anhydrite), the red iron oxides, and a proteinaceous binder (probably animal glue) are the main constituents of the raised lāyachīnī substrates. The results show that a dry mixture of the plaster of Paris and the red iron oxides are mixed with diluted animal glue to obtain a slurry to be applied in several layers, one top of the another, to achieve the raised substrates. This technique is similar to those European raised pastiglia substrates although the method of the preparation in the Persian technique is different from the European one

Investigation of environmental factors causing the deterioration of Safavid period murals : Iran (1501-1736 AD)

inting was introduced to Iran via a cultural exchange between Iran and . fuvid period (1501-1736 AD). A European influence is reflected in the ~ ir a.ted in Isfahan, a city in central Iran, which played an important role in niklD art. The damage, for example to those paintings in the Ali Ghapoo and . alaces and Sukias House, has occurred because of the impact of .tMtunt tn tors on the paintings and has been ongoing for the last 400-500 years light microscopy (LM), polarised light microscopy (PLM), Fourier transform copy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (M/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in conjunction with contemporary ti es that existed in the Safavid period were the main tools used to identify the colour palette and other components) and techniques used in the paintings were used in conjunction with conductivity tests to investigate the degradation of llolnti1:1gs and their supporting plaster and the role of environmental factors, particularly n of salt crystals, chiefly sulphates and carbonates. These are shown to have important role in the deterioration of the paintings. limate records and local measurements of humidity, temperature and UV light ut to an explanation of the degradation of the paintings. Measurements of humidity, ruture and light on the site and their comparison with local metrological organisation U ur ments show high impact of environmental factors surrounding the surface of the IlItill s where the occurred damage is higher. This is because the semi-arid climate of 1111/,111111 is particularly deleterious to oil paintings and has caused flaking of the paint layers. '1'111.' study shows how an interdisciplinary approach incorporating art history, technical and -uvunnmental studies and a range of instrumental analyses can help, first, to tackle a dq~r;ldation problem in conservation science. This approach has, moreover, led to the d Iscllvery of unknown aspects of the paintings, amending the existing state of knowledge. It 'lI\l)wS the presence of (Lapis Lazuli) Lazurite, Ochre-bitumen, Yellow ochre, Orpiment, ( irccn earth, Copper resinate, Bitumen, Lead white, Gold as used pigments.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Pillars of Justice: Lawyers and the Liberal Tradition, by Owen Fiss

AT TIMES, IT IS POSSIBLE TO UNDERESTIMATE, or perhaps momentarily forget, the individuals who have been instrumental in shaping the evolution of the justice system. Thankfully, Pillars of Justice by Owen Fiss serves as a reminder of the resilience and the triumph of such individuals. Each chapter of the book is dedicated to someone who he considers to have made a significant contribution to justice, and, as such, has become a personal hero

Effects of Self-Regulatory Strategy Development on EFL Learners’ Descriptive Writing and Reflective Thinking

Writing is a demanding, complicated, and fundamental skill which is highly noticeable in the process of learning a foreign language. Thus, it is so important to teach English as a foreign language (EFL) learners how to write effectively in English through effective strategies and instructions and prompt their reflective thinking during EFL learning. This study investigated the effectiveness of using self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) instruction in improving Iranian EFL learners' descriptive writing and reflective thinking skills and compared the effectiveness of such instruction with nonstrategic-based (i.e., traditional) instruction. To these ends, 30 Iranian advanced EFL learners were selected to participate in the two (experimental and control) groups. To collect data, two descriptive essays and a reflective thinking questionnaire were used as the pretest and posttest. The analysis of covariance on the descriptive essay and reflective thinking scores in the control and experimental groups showed that both SRSD and non-SRSD instructions had a positive impact on the EFL participants' descriptive writing skill but, the participants in the SRSD group achieved better outcomes in their descriptive writing; the SRSD instruction was effective in improving the completeness, length, and overall quality of the EFL learners' descriptive writing performance. Also, SRSD instruction improved the learners' reflective thinking more than the non-SRSD instruction by making them metacognitively aware of their cognitive processes and monitoring, analyzing, and evaluating their descriptive writing performance. The findings draw attention to the importance of using SRSD as a possible way for moving EFL learners away from traditional instructions to process-oriented strategies in writing courses

Experiences of Reading Aloud : A Qualitative Study of How Teachers and Students in Grade F-3 Experience Reading Aloud as a Tool for Learning

Med en kvalitativ ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer har fyra lärare och 15 elever intervjuats om deras upplevelser av högläsning. Genom intervjuerna har vi fått en inblick i deras upplevelser av högläsningen, som ett verktyg för inlärning.Resultatet lyfter fram elevernas och lärarnas positiva inställning till högläsning. Slutsatsen av studien visar att högläsningens utrymme i undervisningen varierar beroende på lärarens kompetens. Eftersom forskning visar högläsningens fördelar och att lärarna anser att det inte alltid finns tid för högläsning, bör skolledningenlyfta högläsningen och erbjuda kompetensutveckling om högläsning, för att lärarna ska avsätta tid för högläsningen i undervisningen. utbildningsvetenska