El rol del control personal en la función paliativa de la justificación del sistema entre la población indígena y no indígena de estudiantes peruanos

Indexación: Scopus.In this article we propose a mediation model for the association between system justification and psychological well-being (i.e., the palliative function of ideology), based on system justification theory and compensatory control theory. Specifically, we argue that endorsing system-justifying beliefs leads to increased perceived personal control, which in turn predicts higher well-being. We used a convenience sample of students from two Peruvian universities. The results showed that system justification was related to general psychological well-being and personal control. In addition, indigenous students rated lower on system justification, general psychological well-being, self-esteem and personal control. Next, we found that the association between system justification and general psychological well-being was stronger among indigenous students, and this relationship was partially mediated by personal control. In addition, we showed that the mediation model is moderated by ethnicity, so that personal control is a mediator only among non-indigenous participants. We conclude that personal control is a mechanism involved in the palliative function of ideology among this group. Finally, we discuss possible explanations for the mechanisms involved in the palliative function of ideology among low-status individuals. © 2018, © 2018 Fundacion Infancia y Aprendizaje.En este artículo se propone un modelo de mediación de las relaciones entre la justificación del sistema y el bienestar psicológico (i.e., la función paliativa de la ideología) basado en las teorías de la justificación del sistema y del control compensatorio. En concreto, se propone que la adopción de creencias justificativas del sistema produce un aumento del control personal percibido que, a su vez, predice niveles más elevados de bienestar. En este estudio se utilizó una muestra por conveniencia de estudiantes provenientes de dos universidades peruanas. Los resultados muestran que la justificación del sistema está relacionada con el bienestar psicológico general y con el control personal. Además, los estudiantes indígenas mostraron niveles más reducidos de justificación del sistema, bienestar psicológico general, autoestima y control personal. También se observó que la relación entre la justificación del sistema y el bienestar psicológico general era más fuerte entre los estudiantes indígenas y que el control personal mediaba parcialmente en esta relación. Asimismo, mostramos que la etnicidad es un factor moderador del modelo de mediación, por lo que el control personal es un mediador únicamente entre los participantes no indígenas. El estudio concluye que el control personal es un mecanismo que interviene en la función paliativa de la ideología en este grupo. Por último, se discuten posibles explicaciones de los mecanismos implicados en la función paliativa de la ideología entre individuos de estatus social bajo.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02134748.2018.153765

Efficient methane production from lipid-rich wastewater in high-rate anaerobic treatment

In this work, high rate anaerobic mineralization of a synthetic dairy effluent containing 50% COD as oleic acid was accomplished in two reactors operated in parallel. The anaerobic reactors were able to accommodate organic loading rates up to 21 kg COD m-3 day-1, HRT of 9 hours, attaining 99% of soluble COD removal efficiency and methane yield higher than 70%. Long chain fatty acids (LCFA) accumulated inside the reactor only during the last two phases of operation and palmitic acid was the main LCFA quantified, representing 40–100% of the total LCFA detected. High specific methanogenic activity was determined at the end of the operation, in the presence of acetate (1346±87 mg COD-CH4 gVS-1 day-1) and H2/CO2 (3582±309 mg COD-CH4 gVS-1 day-1). The specific activity of the anaerobic consortia present in the reactors during the operation was also determined, and a maximum value of 1170±170 mg COD-CH4 gVS-1 day-1 was obtained. The high performance accomplished in the reactors was a consequence of the discontinuous acclimation strategy applied, that produced an anaerobic microbial community specialized in the efficient mineralization of LCFA.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) projecto FAT-METHANE (POCTI/CTA/46328/2002), bolsa de doutoramento SFRH/BD/24256/200

Eficacia de finasterida en el tratamiento de la hematuria asociada a la hiperplasia protática benigna

La hematuria es una complicación de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata (HBP), tanto en su evolución natural como durante el seguimiento post cirugía prostática. En el estudio de Mebust et al., de 3000 pacientes sometidos a prostactectomía por Hiperplasia prostática benigna (HBP), en el 12 % la presencia de hematuria fue la causa de esta indicación quirúrgica (1). Existen escasas referencias de la acción de la finasterida ante dicho síntoma (2-7), aunque los resultados publicados hasta el momento demuestran un efecto terapéutico precoz y estable mientras dura el tratamient

Continuous high rate anaerobic treatment of oleic acid based wastewater is possible after a step feeding start-up

Mineralization of a synthetic effluent containing 50% COD as oleic acid was achieved in a continuous anaerobic reactor at organic loading rates up to 21 kg COD m−3 day−1, HRT of 9 h, attaining 99% of COD removal efficiency and a methane yield higher than 70%. A maximum specific methane production rate of 1170 ± 170 mg COD-CH4 g VS−1 day−1 was measured during the reactor’s operation. A start-up strategy combining feeding phases and batch degradation phases was applied to promote the development of an anaerobic community efficient for long chain fatty acids (LCFA) mineralization. Through the start-up period, the methane yield increased gradually from 67% to 91%, and LCFA accumulated onto the sludge only during the first 60 days of operation. For the first time, it is demonstrated that a step feeding start-up is required to produce a specialized and efficient anaerobic community for continuous high rate anaerobic treatment of LCFA-rich wastewater.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - POCTI/CTA/46328/2002, PTDC/BIO/69745/ 2006, SFRH/24256/2005European Commission (EC) - LIFE03 ENV/P/00050

Implications of Halo Inside-out Growth on the X-Ray Properties of Nearby Galaxy Systems within the Preheating Scenario

We present an entirely analytic model for a preheated, polytropic intergalactic medium in hydrostatic equilibrium within a NFW dark halo potential in which the evolution of the halo structure between major merger events proceeds inside-out by accretion. This model is used to explain, within a standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmogony, the observed X-ray properties of nearby relaxed, non-cooling flow groups and clusters of galaxies. We find that our preferred solution to the equilibrium equations produces scaling relations in excellent agreement with observations, while simultaneously accounting for the typical structural characteristics of the distribution of the diffuse baryons. In the class of preheating models, ours stands out because it offers a unified description of the intrahalo medium for galaxy systems with total masses above \sm 2\times 10^{13}\msun, does not produce baryonic configurations with large isentropic cores, and reproduces faithfully the observed behavior of the gas entropy at large radii. All this is achieved with a moderate level of energy injection of about half a keV, which can be easily accommodated within the limits of the total energy released by the most commonly invoked feedback mechanisms, as well as with a polytropic index of 1.2, consistent with both many observational determinations and predictions from high-resolution gas-dynamical simulations of non-cooling flow clusters. More interestingly, our scheme offers a physical motivation for the adoption of this specific value of the polytropic index, as it is the one that best ensures the conservation after halo virialization of the balance between the total specific energies of the gas and dark matter components for the full range of masses investigated.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

A computational methodology to account for the liquid film thickness evolution in Direct Numerical Simulation of prefilming airblast atomization

Prefilming airblast atomization is widely used in aero engines. Fundamental studies on the annular configuration of airblast atomizers are difficult to realize. For this reason, researchers focused on planar configurations. In this regard, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) developed a test rig to conduct experimental activities, conforming a large database with results for different conditions. Such data allow validation of two-phase flow calculations concerning primary atomization on these devices. The present investigation proposes a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) on the KIT planar configuration through the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method within the PARIS code. The novelty compared to DNS reported in the literature resides in the use of a boundary condition that accounts not only for the gas inflow turbulence but also for the spatio-temporal evolution of the liquid film thickness at the DNS inlet and its effect on turbulence. The proposed methodology requires computing precursor single-phase and two-phase flow Large-Eddy Simulations. Results are compared to DNS that only account for a constant (both timewise and spanwise) liquid film thickness at the domain inlet, validating the workflow. The proposed methodology improves the qualitative description of the breakup mechanism, as its different stages (liquid accumulation behind the prefilmer edge, bag formation, bag breakup, ligament formation and ligament breakup) coexist spanwise for a given temporal snapshot. This implies more continuous atomization than the one predicted by the constant film thickness case, which showed the same breakup stage to be present along the prefilmer span for a given instant and led to a more discretized set of atomization events. The proposed workflow allows quantifying the influence of the liquid film flow evolution above the prefilmer on primary breakup frequency and atomization features.Comment: Preprint submitted to International Journal of Multiphase Flo

Effects of isotropic and anisotropic turbulent structures over spray atomization in the near field

Sprays and atomization processes are extremely diffused both in nature and in industrial applications. In this paper we analyze the influence of the nozzle turbulence on primary atomization, focusing on the resulting turbulent field and atomization patterns in the Near Field (NF). In order to do so, a Synthetic Boundary Condition (SBC) and a Mapped Boundary Condition (MBC), producing respectively isotropic and anisotropic turbulent fields, have been generated as inflow conditions for the spray Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). We present a specific methodology to ensure consistency on turbulence intensity and integral lengthscale between the two inflows. The analysis performed on the turbulent field (using one-point statistics and spectrum analysis) reveals a significantly stronger turbulent field generated by the inflow boundary conditions with anisotropic structures. While the increased turbulence field generated in the MBC case results in a higher number of droplets generated, the probability functions of both cases are extremely similar, leading to the non-obvious conclusion that the atomization patterns are only slightly affected by the inflow condition. These considerations are supported by the analysis of droplet size distributions, radial distribution functions, axial and radial distributions, highlighting extremely similar behaviors between the MBC and the SBC cases. Finally, these analyses and their computations are presented in detail, underlining how this type of point-process characterization shows interesting potential in future studies on sprays

Hurst Coefficient in long time series of population size: Model for two plant populations with different reproductive strategies

Can the fractal dimension of fluctuations in population size be used to estimate extinction risk? The problem with estimating this fractal dimension is that the lengths of the time series are usually too short for conclusive results. This study answered this question with long time series data obtained from an iterative competition model. This model produces competitive extinction at different perturbation intensities for two different germination strategies: germination of all seeds vs. dormancy in half the seeds. This provided long time series of 900 years and different extinction risks. The results support the hypothesis for the effectiveness of the Hurst coefficient for estimating extinction risk