The influence of cold storage of milk on the quality of processed milk and milk products: Pasteurized milk

1. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of cold storage of raw milk prior to processing and product manufacture on the quality of the pasteurized milk and products derived from it. The work involved a study of the quality of raw milk from a bulk silo purchased from a dairy factory in the West of Scotland. Three trials were undertaken during the period 1979-1980. The raw milks were delivered by road tanker in quantities of around 2,500 litres for each trial. On delivery a portion of the consignment was immediately processed and the remainder was split into two equal amounts, one of which was held at

Rheological, physicochemical, and microstructural properties of asphalt binder modified by fumed silica nanoparticles

Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is gaining increased attention in the asphalt paving industry as an eco-friendly and sustainable technology. WMA technologies are favorable in producing asphalt mixtures at temperatures 20–60 °C lower in comparison to conventional hot mix asphalt. This saves non-renewable fossil fuels, reduces energy consumption, and minimizes vapors and greenhouse gas emissions in the production, placement and conservation processes of asphalt mixtures. At the same time, this temperature reduction must not reduce the performance of asphalt pavements in-field. Low aging resistance, high moisture susceptibility, and low durability are generally seen as substantial drawbacks of WMA, which can lead to inferior pavement performance, and increased maintenance costs. This is partly due to the fact that low production temperature may increase the amount of water molecules trapped in the asphalt mixture. As a potential remedy, here we use fumed silica nanoparticles (FSN) have shown excellent potential in enhancing moisture and aging susceptibility of asphalt binders. In this study, asphalt binder modification by means of FSN was investigated, considering the effects of short-term and long-term aging on the rheological, thermal, and microstructural binder properties. This research paves the way for optimizing WMA by nanoparticles to present enhanced green asphalt technology

Про побудову хаотичних динамічних систем на ящичному фракталі

In this paper, our main aim is to obtain two different discrete chaotic dynamical systems on the Box fractal ($B$). For this goal, we first give two composition functions (which generate Box fractal and filled-square respectively via escape time algorithm) of expanding, folding and translation mappings. In order to examine the properties of these dynamical systems more easily, we use the intrinsic metric which is defined by the code representation of the points on$$$B$$$and express these dynamical systems on the code sets of this fractal. We then obtain that they are chaotic in the sense of Devaney and give an algorithm to compute periodic points.У цій роботі нашою головною ціллю є отримання двох різних дискретних хаотичних динамічних систем на ящичному фракталі ($$$B$$$). З цією метою ми спочатку надаємо дві функції композиції (які породжують ящичний фрактал та заповнений квадрат відповідно за допомогою алгоритму часу втечі) розширюючих, складаючих та транслюючих відображень. Аби досліджувати властивості цих динамічних систем було простіше, ми використовуємо внутрішню метрику, котра визначається кодовим представленням точок$$$B$$$ і виражаємо ці динамічні системи на кодових множинах даного фракталу. Потім ми визначаємо, що вони хаотичні в сенсі Дівейні і надаємо алгоритм для обчислення періодичних точок

On some numerical characteristics of operators

AbstractWe investigate some numerical characteristics of Toeplitz operators including the numerical range, maximal numerical range and maximal Berezin set. Further, we establish an inequality for the Berezin number of an arbitrary operator on the Hardy–Hilbert space of the unit disc

Comparison of dynamic modulus assignments for ısparta state highways according to mechanistic-empirical pavement design method

Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Method (MEPDM) determines the necessary pavement thickness for given design inputs and deformations in pavement by combining the parameters of mechanical modeling and observations of pavement performance through the pavement design life. To examine various distresses including cracking, rutting and roughness in MEPDM, pavement dynamic modulus (E*) which is a function of age, temperature, rate of loading, and mixture properties, such as aggregate air voids, gradation, binder stiffness and binder content needs to be determined. For this, there are three levels of analysis in MEPDM. In Level 3, there is no need for laboratory tests, and there are prediction models to assign the dynamic modulus. These models can implement time-dependent analysis of pavement. In this study, statistical climate data analysis of 20 years including 1995–2014 period of Isparta province was examined. Then, the prediction models were used to determine the dynamic modulus master curves of Isparta state highways, and these master curves were compared. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020