ORIF Assisted by Open Subtalar Small Joint Arthroscopy for Intra-articular Displaced Calcaneus Fractures

Nanoscope; Calcaneal fracture; Small joint arthroscopyNanoscopio; Fractura de calcáneo; Artroscopia de pequeñas articulacionesNanoscopi; Fractura de calcani; Artroscòpia de petites articulacion

Ankle Injuries Associated with Basketball Practice: Current Situation and Literature Review

Introduction: Basketball is one of the most practiced sports in the world. Traditionally, it has been considered that it is a sport of low physical contact, and that sports injuries occur less frequently than in other sports such as football or rugby. However, we have seen the appearance of several recent studies that count basketball as one of the sports with higher injury rates, and among them, especially ankle injuries. Material and methods: In our study, we performed a literature review on ankle injuries associated with basketball practice. We selected the relevant articles of Pubmed using the keywords “basketball”, “ankle” (ankle) and “injury”, published between 2006 and 2015. We limited the selection to those studies that dealt with injuries associated with basketball, whether descriptive or analytical, without taking into account the populations that the authors studied or whether in addition to basketball, other sports were included. The exclusion criteria were as follows: experimental studies, case reports and then whose text is impossible to obtain. Results and discussion: Initially 114 studies were obtained, of which 13 were selected applying the previously mentioned criteria. They observed the incidence of ankle injuries during basketball practice in different population groups, different levels of practice (professional and amateur) and during different periods of time. Among professional athletes, we could observe that ankle sprains account for more than 20% of the injuries suffered by athletes that they are accountable for almost 10% of the matches that a professional player loses because of an injury, and that only about half of them take place during a game, which increases the importance of injuries that occur during practice. When it comes to amateur level basketball, we can observe in several studies that, while the male population is more prone to need medical assistance for ankle injuries during the practice of this sport (from 18.3% of injuries associated with basketball, up to 52%, according to the series), the female population has a greater predisposition for knee injuries (63% of injuries associated with basketball for only 21% of ankle injuries in some jobs). Conclusions: After analysing the recent literature, we could draw among others the following conclusions: basketball is a sport which is closely linked to the appearance of ankle injuries; the most prevalent ankle injury is sprain; the incidence of injuries increases the higher the level of practice, being maximum in professionals; these injuries have an evident impact on the athlete’s usual sports and extrasports practice; and gender may have an influence on the joint affected by basketball related injuries. Basketball is a rising sport at the moment, with a great social and economic impact in the world of today. Its practice is becoming more frequent, and with it the incidence of injuries associated with it, especially those occurring in the ankle joint. It is therefore expected that in the coming years, we are likely to observe the appearance of more works in the literature that confirm this fact, as well as advances in the treatment and recovery of the athletes who suffer them

Ski Lesions Around the Knee: A Literature Review

Ski is a popular sports practiced worldwide although it is considered a high-risk sports with high incidence of injuries. A common place for injuries is the knee, with a wide range from knee sprains to complex ligamentous injuries to fractures. In this chapter, we made a search in PubMed using the words “knee” and “ski.” Later, we selected those articles according to the inclusion criteria. When reviewing the literature, we found that the most common place for a ski-related injury is the knee, with knee sprains and ACL lesions being the most common diagnosis in the latter years with a decreasing incidence of tibia fractures. We could also analyze the risk factors different authors have found, for professional athletes and for recreational skiers. In conclusion, the ACL lesion in the skier presents a high incidence, which suggests an effort should be made to prevent it

Reversible photocontrol of dopaminergic transmission in wild-type animals

Understanding the dopaminergic system is a priority in neurobiology and neuropharmacology. Dopamine receptors are involved in the modulation of fundamental physiological functions and dysregulation of dopaminergic transmission is associated with major neurological disorders. However, the available tools to dissect the endogenous dopaminergic circuits have limited specificity, reversibility, resolution, or require genetic manipulation. Here we introduce azodopa, a novel photoswitchable ligand that enables reversible spatiotemporal control of dopaminergic transmission. We demonstrate that azodopa activates D1-like receptors in vitro in a light-dependent manner. Moreover, it enables reversibly photocontrolling zebrafish motility on a time scale of seconds and allows separating the retinal component of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Azodopa increases the overall neural activity in the cortex of anesthetized mice and displays illuminationdependent activity in individual cells. Azodopa is the first photoswitchable dopamine agonist with demonstrated efficacy in wildtype animals and opens the way to remotely controlling dopaminergic neurotransmission for fundamental and therapeutic purposes

TFG 2012/2013

Amb aquesta publicació, EINA, Centre universitari de Disseny i Art adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, dóna a conèixer el recull dels Treballs de Fi de Grau presentats durant el curs 2012-2013. Voldríem que un recull com aquest donés una idea més precisa de la tasca que es realitza a EINA per tal de formar nous dissenyadors amb capacitat de respondre professionalment i intel·lectualment a les necessitats i exigències de la nostra societat. El treball formatiu s’orienta a oferir resultats que responguin tant a paràmetres de rigor acadèmic i capacitat d’anàlisi del context com a l’experimentació i la creació de nous llenguatges, tot fomentant el potencial innovador del disseny.Con esta publicación, EINA, Centro universitario de diseño y arte adscrito a la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, da a conocer la recopilación de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado presentados durante el curso 2012-2013. Querríamos que una recopilación como ésta diera una idea más precisa del trabajo que se realiza en EINA para formar nuevos diseñadores con capacidad de responder profesional e intelectualmente a las necesidades y exigencias de nuestra sociedad. El trabajo formativo se orienta a ofrecer resultados que respondan tanto a parámetros de rigor académico y capacidad de análisis, como a la experimentación y la creación de nuevos lenguajes, al tiempo que se fomenta el potencial innovador del diseño.With this publication, EINA, University School of Design and Art, ascribed to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, brings to the public eye the Final Degree Projects presented during the 2012-2013 academic year. Our hope is that this volume might offer a more precise idea of the task performed by EINA in training new designers, able to speak both professionally and intellectually to the needs and demands of our society. The educational task is oriented towards results that might respond to the parameters of academic rigour and the capacity for contextual analysis, as well as to considerations of experimentation and the creation of new languages, all the while reinforcing design’s innovative potential

Biophysics rules the cell culture but has yet to reach the clinic: Why is that?

Musculoskeletal injuries are the leading cause of physical disability worldwide, with associated annual direct and indirect healthcare expenditure in excess of $874 billion in the United States alone.1 Current treatments are predominantly based on tissue grafts (autografts are preferred)2,3 and biomaterials.4,5 Given that the former are associated with scarce availability, insufficient remodeling, and adverse immune reactions,6-8 and the latter with substandard stability, poor biologic response, and foreign body response,9-11 their clinical suitability has been questioned and gave rise to the field of cell-based therapies.12This work is supported by the: European Commission, Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Innovative Training Networks (ITN) Programme Tendon Therapy Train, under the grant agreement number 676338; Health Research Board, Health Research Awards Programme, under the grant agreement number HRA_POR/2011/84; and Science Foundation Ireland, Career Development Award Programme, under the grant agreement number 15/CDA/3629. This publication has also been supported from Science Foundation Ireland and the European Regional Development Fund, under the grant agreement number 13/RC/207

Production and characterization of chemically cross-linked collagen scaffolds

Chemical cross-linking of collagen-based devices is used as a means of increasing the mechanical stability and control the degradation rate upon implantation. Herein, we describe techniques to produce cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GTA; amine terminal cross-linker), 4-arm polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate (4SP; amine terminal cross-linker), diphenyl phosphoryl azide (DPPA; carboxyl terminal cross-linker) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC; carboxyl terminal cross-linker) collagen films. In addition, we provide protocols to characterise the biophysical (swelling), biomechanical (tensile) and biological (metabolic activity, proliferation and viability using human dermal fibroblasts and THP-1 macrophages) properties of the cross-linked collagen scaffolds.This work has been supported by the Science Foundation Ireland, Career Development Award Programme (grant agreement number: 15/CDA/3629); Science Foundation Ireland and the European Regional Development Fund (grant agreement number: 13/RC/2073); and EU H2020, ITN award, Tendon Therapy Train Project (grant agreement number: 676338).Peer reviewe

Total knee arthroplasty and osteoporosis: Fracture risk assessed by FRAX®

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporotic fractures increase mortality and morbidity in patients who suffer them. Also, periprosthetic fractures are challenging to treat and have a major impact in our health systems. The FRAX® algorithm is a tool that calculates the 10-year probability of osteoporotic fracture for a given patient. In our study, we used the FRAX® algorithm to assess the risk of osteoporotic fracture in patients who had previously undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or had suffered a periprosthetic fracture involving a TKA. METHODS: We used the FRAX® algorithm to assess the 10-year probability of osteoporotic fracture in patients who were admitted in our hospital for a periprosthetic fracture around the knee and those who underwent TKA and gave consent to enter our study. Patients in the TKA group were separated according to their BMI in two categories (<30 and ≥30). RESULTS: 37 patients were included in the TKA group and 15 in the periprosthetic group. In the TKA group, we found that the patients with lower BMI (<30) had a significantly higher risk of both hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture than those with a higher one (≥30). We found no statistical significant differences for either risk (hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture) between the TKA and the periprosthetic group. CONCLUSION: The FRAX® algorithm was found to be a useful tool in order to predict the risk of osteoporotic fracture. Low BMI was found to be risk factor for the development of osteoporotic fractures

The synergistic effect of low oxygen tension and macromolecular crowding in the development of extracellular matrix-rich tendon equivalents

Cellular therapies play an important role in tendon tissue engineering, with tenocytes being the most prominent and potent cell population available. However, for the development of a rich extracellular matrix tenocyte-assembled tendon equivalent, prolonged in vitro culture is required, which is associated with phenotypic drift. Recapitulation of tendon tissue microenvironment in vitro with cues that enhance and accelerate extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition, whilst maintaining tenocyte phenotype, may lead to functional cell therapies. Herein, we assessed the synergistic effect of low oxygen tension (enhances extracellular matrix synthesis) and macromolecular crowding (enhances extracellular matrix deposition) in human tenocyte culture. Protein analysis demonstrated that human tenocytes at 2% oxygen tension and with 50 μg ml−1 carrageenan (macromolecular crowder used) significantly increased synthesis and deposition of collagen types I, III, V and VI. Gene analysis at day 7 illustrated that human tenocytes at 2% oxygen tension and with 50 μg ml−1 carrageenan significantly increased the expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1, procollagen-lysine 2- oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2, scleraxis, tenomodulin and elastin, whilst chondrogenic (e.g. runt-related transcription factor 2, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, aggrecan) and osteogenic (e.g. secreted phosphoprotein 1, bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein) trans-differentiation markers were significantly down-regulated or remained unchanged. Collectively, our data clearly illustrates the beneficial synergistic effect of low oxygen tension and macromolecular crowding in the accelerated development of tissue equivalents.This work was supported by: H2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Innovative Training Networks 2015 Tendon Therapy Train project (Grant No. 676338); H2020, Wide Spread Coordination and Support Action, twinning 2017 Achilles project (Grant No. 810850); Science Foundation Ireland, Career Development Award (Grant No. 15/CDA/3629); and Science Foundation Ireland / European Regional Development Fund (Grant No. 13/RC/2073).peer-reviewed2021-02-2