Towards the Second Duality of Global Youth Work: The Environment and Disruptive Action

open access journalThere are five faces of globalisation that global youth work (GYW), as an offshoot of global education, should respond to (economic, political, environmental, cultural and technological), in order to be transformative, both in thought and deed. The vexed issue of climate change (environmental face) and its correlation to sustainable development, as an ameliorative mechanism, speaks to the imagination and contours of GYW, centred on the duality of provoking consciousness and taking action (Sallah, 2008a; 2014). In positioning the pedagogic approach of GYW, the author establishes his situatedness as a de-colonial scholar-activist, in presenting an analysis of the impact of climate change and its attendant negative consequences, on a Southern country like The Gambia. Using the conceptual framework of GYW, the author presents his work, spanning the last four years, with Global Hands and at De Montfort University, of disruptive attempts to challenge orthodoxy and configured ways of knowing and being, from a Southern perspective. Drawing on GYW projects he has implemented in a ‘live lab’ in The Gambia which has developed Africa’s first solar powered taxi service, the development of a Compressed Earth Brick machine to combat low-cost housing and climate change, and solar dryers to preserve food and encourage food self-sufficiency, all of which have huge carbon footprint savings as well as significant economic advantages. This article presents a reflective analysis of a scholar-activist’s practice of how GYW can be used to combat climate change and enhance sustainable development in a symbiotic approach. It will illustrate the powerful pedagogic prowess of this development approach as well as highlight the challenges and tensions inherent

Islamic modernists and discourse on reason as a reconciliatory argument between Islam and the Western Enlightenment

This article examines the debates on the relationship between Islam and reason during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. It argues that these debates were transnational but were largely influenced by similar debates in the Western tradition. It also affirms that modernists used discourse on reason to reconcile Islam with Western Enlightenment. The article illustrates the various mechanisms which Islamic modernists implemented to facilitate such reconciliation. These mechanisms include rationalization of miracles, contesting the concept of prophethood, and rejecting the scholarship of Islamic jurisprudence and theology. Based on writings by several Islamic modernists, such as their biographies of Prophet Muhammad, Quran commentaries, and magazine articles in different Islamic countries, I ascribe these mechanisms to a gap between logic and experimental thought, a gap which seeped into the mind of Islamic modernists under the influence of Western contemporary thinkers. While this discourse claims compatibility between Islam and Western Enlightenment, it also resists the binary of the sacred and the secular, a major legacy of the Western Enlightenment

Tâches, objectifs des IPRP de SST et pluridisciplinarité.Analyse des résultats du questionnaire AFISST-PACTE des IPRP 2014

Ce rapport de recherche vise à décrire les domaines des tâches des IPRP, leurs objectifs de travail poursuivis et à caractériser la pluridisciplinarité, notamment leur perception de la collaboration avec les médecins du travail dans leur travail. Les résultats obtenus sont issus de l'analyse d’un questionnaire envoyé par voie électronique et porte sur 269 répondants. L’analyse des résultats de ce questionnaire apporte quelques éléments de réflexion sur le travail des IPRP : Les domaines de tâches (ergonomie, évaluation des risques, métrologie, information-conseil, etc.) dépendent des métiers des IPRP; Les objectifs poursuivis par les IPRP relèvent principalement de la santé, vient ensuite les objectifs de sécurité; Les territoires de compétences se recomposent avec l’arrivée de nouveaux professionnels (assistante de santé au travail, infirmières) et de l'évolution des problématiques santé-travail évoluant dans les entreprises (RPS par exemple); Les modalités de collaboration avec les médecins du travail se caractérisent par une demande d’intervention des médecins du travail aux IPRP. Le modèle de pluridisciplinarité relève plus de la délégation de tâches en fonction de compétences que d’une coopération dans l’action; La pluridisciplinarité semble de plus en plus intégrée dans les services de santé au travail.Ces premiers résultats seront complétés par des entretiens approfondis et des observations des situations réelles de travail dans le cadre du projet de recherche PLURIPREV, financé par l’ANSES

Outpatient antibiotic prescription trends in the United States: A national cohort study

OBJECTIVETo characterize trends in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in the United StatesDESIGNRetrospective ecological and temporal trend study evaluating outpatient antibiotic prescriptions from 2013 to 2015SETTINGNational administrative claims data from a pharmacy benefits manager PARTICIPANTS. Prescription pharmacy beneficiaries from Express Scripts Holding CompanyMEASUREMENTSAnnual and seasonal percent change in antibiotic prescriptionsRESULTSApproximately 98 million outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were filled by 39 million insurance beneficiaries during the 3-year study period. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were azithromycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, and cephalexin. No significant changes in individual or overall annual antibiotic prescribing rates were found during the study period. Significant seasonal variation was observed, with antibiotics being 42% more likely to be prescribed during February than September (peak-to-trough ratio [PTTR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–1.61). Similar seasonal trends were found for azithromycin (PTTR, 2.46; 95% CI, 2.44–3.47), amoxicillin (PTTR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.42–1.89), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (PTTR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.68–2.29).CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that annual national outpatient antibiotic prescribing practices remained unchanged during our study period. Furthermore, seasonal peaks in antibiotics generally used to treat viral upper respiratory tract infections remained unchanged during cold and influenza season. These results suggest that inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics remains widespread, despite the concurrent release of several guideline-based best practices intended to reduce inappropriate antibiotic consumption; however, further research linking national outpatient antibiotic prescriptions to associated medical conditions is needed to confirm these findings.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:584–589</jats:sec

Investigation on optical interconnect(OI) link performance using external modulator

This paper investigates and analyzes an Optical Interconnect (OI) link using external (indirect) modulation technique. A Continuous Wave (CW) light source with a Mach Zehnder (MZ) modulator is used in the transmitter part and a Si-based waveguide is used as a transmission path. Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) and Germanium (Ge) materials were applied to observe the performance of Avalanche Photodiode (APD) and P-I-N Photodiode (PIN). In order to evaluate the performance of OI link using external (indirect) modulation, the model of OI link was designed and simulated using OptiSPICE tools. Simulation results on the performance of MZ modulator, power degradation of OI link and receiver sensitivity are reported in this paper

Vaccination par le BCG : enquête auprès d'enfants de moins de 5 ans consultant dans un service d'urgences hospitalières

International audienceFrance is a country with a low incidence of tuberculosis. However, there are important local variations: some parts of the city of Marseilles (southern France) presented a yearly incidence greater than 30/100,000 in 2010. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the BCG vaccine coverage among at-risk children younger than 5 years consulting in one of the city's pediatric emergency departments. Material and methods. This descriptive study took place in February 2013 and used a semi-directive questionnaire distributed to parents. Results. One hundred and thirty-five children were included, 98 (72.6 %) were considered as being at risk of tuberculosis and among them 75 (76.5 %, 95 % CI [68.0–85.1]) were vaccinated with BCG. Parents' knowledge of tuberculosis was relevant in 48 % of the respondents. Only 19 % of the parents reported that BCG protects against tuberculosis, but 73 % were in favor of this vaccination. Two criteria significantly increased vaccine coverage among at-risk children: birth in Marseilles and age more than 6 months on the consultation day. The child living in a poor family and type of medical follow-up did not significantly influence BCG vaccine coverage. Conclusion. BCG coverage was high in at-risk children younger than 5 years born in Marseilles. Cooperation between private physicians , maternity hospitals and mothers, and children's public health services probably facilitates this high level of protection.Malgré une faible incidence de la tuberculose en France, il existe de grandes variations à l'échelle communale : certains quartiers de Marseille présentent ainsi une incidence annuelle supérieure à 30/ 100 000. Le but de notre étude etait d'évaluer la couverture vaccinale par le vaccin de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) des enfants à risque aâgés de moins de 5 ans consultant dans un service d'urgences pédiatriques. Matériel et méthodes : Cette étude descriptive a eété réalisée en février 2013 à l'aide d'un questionnaire semi-directif proposé aux parents. Résultats : Cent-trente-cinq enfants ont été inclus, 98 (72,6 %) étaient considérés àrisque de tuberculose et parmi ces derniers 75 (76,5 %, IC 95 % [68,0–85,1]) eétaient vaccinés par le BCG. Seuls 48 % des parents connaissaient la tuberculose et 19 % savaient que le BCG protégeait contre cette maladie, mais 73 % étaient favorables à ce vaccin. Deux paramètres étaient liés à la vaccination des enfants à risque : une naissance à Marseille et un âge supérieur à 6 mois le jour de la consultation. La précarité des conditions de vie et le type de suivi médical n' influençaient pas significativement la couverture vaccinale des enfants à risque. Conclusion : En 2013, la couverture vaccinale par le BCG des enfants de moins de 5 ans nés à Marseille et à risque de tuberculose était correcte mais perfectible. Une coopération entre médecins de ville, maternités et services de protection maternelle et infantile (PMI) permet probablement d'obtenir cette bonne couverture vaccinale

Working with young people in the UK: Considerations of race, religion and globalisation

This thesis overall is concerned with three cardinal considerations in relation to working with young people in a modern and fundamentally demographically changed Britain. These themes include considerations of how young people’s racial/ethnic origins and religious identity continue to shape how mainstream services interact with them as well as understanding how an increasingly globalised world changes how young people from Britain see or are seen in a new way at the personal, local, national and global levels. This thesis argues that the majority of these considerations are not currently well understood; hence the need for practitioners in youth and community development to gain cultural competency and global literacy. It has been evidenced that Black young people continue to be disadvantaged in education, employment, criminal justice and a host of other socialisation spaces in comparison to the rest of society. In addition, the furore raised constantly and continuously in relation to the vulnerability of young Muslims to violent extremism deserves more critical attention. Furthermore, globalisation means that the world is much closer economically, politically, environmentally, technologically and culturally and there is increasing consciousness about the repercussions of these connections at the personal, local, national and global levels. However, questions remain as to whether practitioners who work with young people have the required competency to work across these racial, religious and global considerations. This thesis, consisting of the author’s published works and this overview explores these three cardinal considerations of race, religion and globalisation when working with young people in a multicultural, multi-ethnic, multi-racial and multi-faith modern Britain. The thesis comprises an exploration of working with Black young people within a historical and social policy context, as well as presenting research that explores the views of young Black children and parents. The author’s key contributions consist of explaining how cultural relativism and dogmatism, as extreme positions, are constructed, with potentially fatal consequences. The second dimension of working with young people in Britain explored in this thesis is that arena of Global Youth Work within both a theoretical and practice setting, especially in relation to the training of practitioners. This section also reports on research in relation to how Global Youth Work is conceptualised and operationalised in British Higher Education Institutions delivering youth work training. The last section of the thesis focuses on the contemporary issue of working with young Muslims. Against a backdrop of the government’s policy context of the “Prevent" agenda, perceptions of barriers young Muslims face in accessing mainstream services are explored, as well as the wider implications of fostering a culturally and religiously competent way of working with young Muslims