15 research outputs found
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of bacterial resistance in an avian reservoir.
La rĂ©sistance bactĂ©rienne aux antibiotiques est devenue un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique impliquant des actions de surveillance et de lutte contre sa diffusion. LâĂ©pidĂ©miologie de la rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques au sein des pathogĂšnes cliniques est indispensable notamment Ă la prise en charge thĂ©rapeutique. Cependant, elle est Ă©galement pertinente au sein des bactĂ©ries animales et environnementales afin dâen apprĂ©cier lâampleur et dâen apprĂ©hender la diffusion. Alors que de nombreux travaux ont Ă©tĂ© conduits sur le microbiote des animaux de compagnie, les Ă©tudes portant sur la faune sauvage restent rares. Or, il apparaĂźt opportun de lâintĂ©grer dans lâĂ©tude de la dynamique des bactĂ©ries antibiorĂ©sistantes afin dâapprĂ©cier son rĂŽle Ă©pidĂ©miologique dans leur dissĂ©mination et dâĂ©valuer les risques zoonotiques qui en dĂ©coulent.Sur la base de notre revue de la littĂ©rature, nous avons mis en Ă©vidence un lien Ă©troit existant entre les activitĂ©s humaines et la prĂ©sence de bactĂ©ries antibiorĂ©sistantes dans la faune sauvage. Ceci nous a conduits Ă discuter de lâexistence probable de voies dâĂ©changes entre le compartiment humain et animal.Sur la base dâune Ă©tude ayant dĂ©montrĂ© la prĂ©sence dans le sud de la France dâun rĂ©servoir aviaire dâEscherichia coli producteurs de bĂ©ta-lactamases Ă spectre Ă©largi, nous avons explorĂ© le microbiote cloacal de deux espĂšces de goĂ©lands, diffĂ©rentes par leurs niches Ă©cologiques et leur mode dâalimentation, en tant que rĂ©servoir potentiel de bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes aux antibiotiques.Dans un premier temps nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă la prĂ©sence de Proteus mirabilis producteurs d'AmpC acquises dans le microbiote des goĂ©lands au cours des deux annĂ©es dâĂ©tude. Ces isolats Ă©taient producteurs de cĂ©phalosporinases de type CMY-2 dont le support gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă©tait un Ă©lĂ©ment intĂ©gratif et conjugatif (ICE) de la famille SXT/R391-like. Deux souches cliniques humaines avaient les mĂȘmes enzymes, supports et fond gĂ©nĂ©tiques que des souches aviaires. Ceci permet de supposer que ces goĂ©lands constituent un rĂ©servoir de P. mirabilis porteurs du gĂšne blaCMY-2, et que les structures de type ICE SXT/R391-like joueraient un rĂŽle important dans la dissĂ©mination et la persistance de ce gĂšne de rĂ©sistance.Nous avons Ă©galement isolĂ© des souches dâEscherichia coli productrices de carbapĂ©nĂšmases acquises, qui constituent actuellement l'une des menaces les plus prĂ©occupantes pour la santĂ© publique en termes d'antibiorĂ©sistance. Ces souches proviennent uniquement de goĂ©lands leucophĂ©es et sont porteuses du gĂšne blaVIM-1. Lâanalyse de leur patrimoine gĂ©nĂ©tique montre quâelles sont liĂ©es Ă des souches humaines sensibles. Nous nâavons en effet pas isolĂ© de souches humaines productrices de carbapĂ©nĂšmases de type VIM dans le mĂȘme temps. Cette dĂ©couverte pose la question dâun rĂ©servoir aviaire potentiel et dâune menace de diffusion.Lors du screening nous avons identifiĂ© une souche de Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 rĂ©sistante aux carbapĂ©nĂšmes et provenant dâun goĂ©land leucophĂ©e. Elle possĂ©dait des gĂšnes blaVIM-1 et blaVIM-4 qui faisaient partie dâun integron de classe 1, situĂ© sur un plasmide IncA/C. Il sâagit de la premiĂšre description dâune souche de V. cholerae productrice de ce type de carbapĂ©nĂšmases. Ce travail dĂ©montre la complexitĂ© de la circulation de lâantibiorĂ©sistance au sein du microbiote Ă©tudiĂ©. Il ouvre de nombreuses perspectives dâun point de vue Ă©pidĂ©miologique mais Ă©galement fondamental sur les mĂ©canismes et les supports gĂ©nĂ©tique de cette antibiorĂ©sistance. En effet, il illustre bien les apports importants des outils dâĂ©pidĂ©miologie molĂ©culaire dans la surveillance de lâĂ©mergence et la comprĂ©hension de la dynamique de transmission et de diffusion des bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes dans la faune sauvage.Bacterial resistance has become a major public health problem leading to a strengthening of spread surveillance and control. The epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical pathogens is essential for therapeutic management. It is also relevant in animal and environmental bacteria to determine and understand AMR existence and diffusion. While much work has been done on the microbiota of companion animals, studies involving wildlife are scarce. It is essential to consider wildlife when studying AMR dynamics to assess its epidemiological role in AMR spread and understand the zoonotic risk which ensues from it.With our literature review, we highlight the close link between human activities and the presence of AMR in wildlife. It led us to discuss the pathways between the human and animal compartments.A previous study reported the presence of an avian reservoir of extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in the South of France. Based on this finding, we explored the microbiota of two gull species, differentiated by their ecological niches and diet, as a potential reservoir of AMR.First, we investigated the presence of acquired AmpC-producing Proteus mirabilis in the gullsâ microbiota over two years. The isolates produced CMY-2 cephalosporinases with the genetic support of an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) which belongs to the SXT/R391-like family. Two human strains had the same enzymes, genetic support and genetic background as the avian isolates. This suggests that these gulls may act as a reservoir of blaCMY-2-carrying P. mirabilis, and the SXT/R391-like ICEs may play an important role in this geneâs dissemination and persistence.We also isolated acquired carbapenemases-producing E. coli, which is currently one of the most serious AMR threats to public health. These strains, which carried the blaVIM-1 gene, were recovered from yellow-legged gulls. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the gulls are significantly linked with human susceptible isolates. However, VIM carbapenemase producing-human isolate was not isolated in the same time period. This discovery raises the question of a potential avian reservoir and the threat of diffusion.During the screening, we identified a carbapenem resistant non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strain, recovered from a yellow-legged gull. It carried both blaVIM-1 and blaVIM-4 genes which were part of a class 1 integron structure located in an IncA/C plasmid. This is the first description of a V. cholera strain producing this type of carbapenemase.This work demonstrates the complexity of the AMR circulation in the microbiota studied. It opens many perspectives from an epidemiological and fundamental point of view on the mechanisms and genetic supports of AMR. It further illustrates the contribution of molecular epidemiology tools in the understanding of the dynamics of transmission and diffusion and the surveillance of the emergence of AMR in wildlife
DĂ©pistage et caractĂ©risation de bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes aux antibiotiques au sein dâun rĂ©servoir aviaire mĂ©diterranĂ©en
Bacterial resistance has become a major public health problem leading to a strengthening of spread surveillance and control. The epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical pathogens is essential for therapeutic management. It is also relevant in animal and environmental bacteria to determine and understand AMR existence and diffusion. While much work has been done on the microbiota of companion animals, studies involving wildlife are scarce. It is essential to consider wildlife when studying AMR dynamics to assess its epidemiological role in AMR spread and understand the zoonotic risk which ensues from it.With our literature review, we highlight the close link between human activities and the presence of AMR in wildlife. It led us to discuss the pathways between the human and animal compartments.A previous study reported the presence of an avian reservoir of extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in the South of France. Based on this finding, we explored the microbiota of two gull species, differentiated by their ecological niches and diet, as a potential reservoir of AMR.First, we investigated the presence of acquired AmpC-producing Proteus mirabilis in the gullsâ microbiota over two years. The isolates produced CMY-2 cephalosporinases with the genetic support of an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) which belongs to the SXT/R391-like family. Two human strains had the same enzymes, genetic support and genetic background as the avian isolates. This suggests that these gulls may act as a reservoir of blaCMY-2-carrying P. mirabilis, and the SXT/R391-like ICEs may play an important role in this geneâs dissemination and persistence.We also isolated acquired carbapenemases-producing E. coli, which is currently one of the most serious AMR threats to public health. These strains, which carried the blaVIM-1 gene, were recovered from yellow-legged gulls. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the gulls are significantly linked with human susceptible isolates. However, VIM carbapenemase producing-human isolate was not isolated in the same time period. This discovery raises the question of a potential avian reservoir and the threat of diffusion.During the screening, we identified a carbapenem resistant non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strain, recovered from a yellow-legged gull. It carried both blaVIM-1 and blaVIM-4 genes which were part of a class 1 integron structure located in an IncA/C plasmid. This is the first description of a V. cholera strain producing this type of carbapenemase.This work demonstrates the complexity of the AMR circulation in the microbiota studied. It opens many perspectives from an epidemiological and fundamental point of view on the mechanisms and genetic supports of AMR. It further illustrates the contribution of molecular epidemiology tools in the understanding of the dynamics of transmission and diffusion and the surveillance of the emergence of AMR in wildlife.La rĂ©sistance bactĂ©rienne aux antibiotiques est devenue un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique impliquant des actions de surveillance et de lutte contre sa diffusion. LâĂ©pidĂ©miologie de la rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques au sein des pathogĂšnes cliniques est indispensable notamment Ă la prise en charge thĂ©rapeutique. Cependant, elle est Ă©galement pertinente au sein des bactĂ©ries animales et environnementales afin dâen apprĂ©cier lâampleur et dâen apprĂ©hender la diffusion. Alors que de nombreux travaux ont Ă©tĂ© conduits sur le microbiote des animaux de compagnie, les Ă©tudes portant sur la faune sauvage restent rares. Or, il apparaĂźt opportun de lâintĂ©grer dans lâĂ©tude de la dynamique des bactĂ©ries antibiorĂ©sistantes afin dâapprĂ©cier son rĂŽle Ă©pidĂ©miologique dans leur dissĂ©mination et dâĂ©valuer les risques zoonotiques qui en dĂ©coulent.Sur la base de notre revue de la littĂ©rature, nous avons mis en Ă©vidence un lien Ă©troit existant entre les activitĂ©s humaines et la prĂ©sence de bactĂ©ries antibiorĂ©sistantes dans la faune sauvage. Ceci nous a conduits Ă discuter de lâexistence probable de voies dâĂ©changes entre le compartiment humain et animal.Sur la base dâune Ă©tude ayant dĂ©montrĂ© la prĂ©sence dans le sud de la France dâun rĂ©servoir aviaire dâEscherichia coli producteurs de bĂ©ta-lactamases Ă spectre Ă©largi, nous avons explorĂ© le microbiote cloacal de deux espĂšces de goĂ©lands, diffĂ©rentes par leurs niches Ă©cologiques et leur mode dâalimentation, en tant que rĂ©servoir potentiel de bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes aux antibiotiques.Dans un premier temps nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă la prĂ©sence de Proteus mirabilis producteurs d'AmpC acquises dans le microbiote des goĂ©lands au cours des deux annĂ©es dâĂ©tude. Ces isolats Ă©taient producteurs de cĂ©phalosporinases de type CMY-2 dont le support gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă©tait un Ă©lĂ©ment intĂ©gratif et conjugatif (ICE) de la famille SXT/R391-like. Deux souches cliniques humaines avaient les mĂȘmes enzymes, supports et fond gĂ©nĂ©tiques que des souches aviaires. Ceci permet de supposer que ces goĂ©lands constituent un rĂ©servoir de P. mirabilis porteurs du gĂšne blaCMY-2, et que les structures de type ICE SXT/R391-like joueraient un rĂŽle important dans la dissĂ©mination et la persistance de ce gĂšne de rĂ©sistance.Nous avons Ă©galement isolĂ© des souches dâEscherichia coli productrices de carbapĂ©nĂšmases acquises, qui constituent actuellement l'une des menaces les plus prĂ©occupantes pour la santĂ© publique en termes d'antibiorĂ©sistance. Ces souches proviennent uniquement de goĂ©lands leucophĂ©es et sont porteuses du gĂšne blaVIM-1. Lâanalyse de leur patrimoine gĂ©nĂ©tique montre quâelles sont liĂ©es Ă des souches humaines sensibles. Nous nâavons en effet pas isolĂ© de souches humaines productrices de carbapĂ©nĂšmases de type VIM dans le mĂȘme temps. Cette dĂ©couverte pose la question dâun rĂ©servoir aviaire potentiel et dâune menace de diffusion.Lors du screening nous avons identifiĂ© une souche de Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 rĂ©sistante aux carbapĂ©nĂšmes et provenant dâun goĂ©land leucophĂ©e. Elle possĂ©dait des gĂšnes blaVIM-1 et blaVIM-4 qui faisaient partie dâun integron de classe 1, situĂ© sur un plasmide IncA/C. Il sâagit de la premiĂšre description dâune souche de V. cholerae productrice de ce type de carbapĂ©nĂšmases. Ce travail dĂ©montre la complexitĂ© de la circulation de lâantibiorĂ©sistance au sein du microbiote Ă©tudiĂ©. Il ouvre de nombreuses perspectives dâun point de vue Ă©pidĂ©miologique mais Ă©galement fondamental sur les mĂ©canismes et les supports gĂ©nĂ©tique de cette antibiorĂ©sistance. En effet, il illustre bien les apports importants des outils dâĂ©pidĂ©miologie molĂ©culaire dans la surveillance de lâĂ©mergence et la comprĂ©hension de la dynamique de transmission et de diffusion des bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes dans la faune sauvage
Clinical sources and antimicrobial susceptibility of Prevotella timonensis at the university hospital of Montpellier, France
International audienceWe describe 84 clinical isolates of Prevotella timonensis recovered between January 2007 and November 2016 at the University Hospital of Montpellier. They were recovered from a variety of clinical samples, mostly of genital and wound origins. All isolates were isolated from a mixed aerobic and anaerobic microbiota. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 50 isolates showed 56% of beta-lactamase production and 40% of resistance to clindamycin. One strain was resistant to metronidazole
Persistence of blaCMY-2-producing Proteus mirabilis in two gull colonies at a 1-year interval in Southern France
International audienc
Clinical sources and antimicrobial susceptibility of Prevotella timonensis at the university hospital of Montpellier, France
We describe 84 clinical isolates of Prevotella timonensis recovered between January 2007 and November 2016 at the University Hospital of Montpellier. They were recovered from a variety of clinical samples, mostly of genital and wound origins. All isolates were isolated from a mixed aerobic and anaerobic microbiota. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 50 isolates showed 56% of beta-lactamase production and 40% of resistance to clindamycin. One strain was resistant to metronidazole. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Avian Isolate from France Cocarrying the bla(VIM-1) and bla(VIM-4) Genes.
International audienceWe describe here a non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolate producing both VIM-1 and VIM-4 carbapenemases. It was isolated from a yellow-legged gull in southern France. The blaVIM genes were part of a class 1 integron structure located in an IncA/C plasmid. This study emphasizes the presence of carbapenemase genes in wildlife microbiota
Characterization of VIM-4 Producing Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Western Algeria: Sequence Type and Class 1 Integron Description
International audienceObjectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa occupies a central position in nosocomial infections and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize carbapenem resistance mechanisms in P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens collected at the University Hospital of Oran, western Algeria. Materials and Methods: The identification of 214 nonduplicated P. aeruginosa isolates (collected from January to December 2016) was confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Thirteen antibiotics were tested using the disc diffusion method. Carbapenemase-encoding genes were detected with the GeneXpert system and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clonal relatedness was determined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and the seven housekeeping genes were further used for phylogenetic analysis of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa using concatenated gene fragments. The flanking regions of the blaVIM-4 gene were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Results: Eleven isolates (5.39%) were resistant to carbapenems. PCR amplification and sequencing showed that six of these isolates (2.94%) harbored the blaVIM-4 gene that was carried on a novel class 1 integron. MLST analysis assigned the tested isolates to seven different sequence types (STs), of which two were new (ST3349 and ST3350) and five were previously described (ST244, ST499, ST709, ST809, and ST1239). Conclusion: In this study, we reported P. aeruginosa isolates producing VIM-4 in an Algerian hospital. The blaVIM-4 is harbored in class 1 integron with a new arrangement of genes cassettes
Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife
International audience1. The spread of antimicrobial resistance is of major concern for human health and leads togrowing economic costs. While it is increasingly hypothesized that wildlife could play animportant role in antimicrobial-resistant bacteria dynamics, empirical data remain scarce.2. The present work builds on a systematic review of the available data in order to highlightthe main information we have and to suggest research pathways that should be followed ifwe aim to fill the gaps in our current knowledge.3. To achieve this goal, we address four questions: (i) Which resistant bacteria are the mostfrequently observed in wildlife? (ii) How are resistant bacteria exchanged between wildlife andthe other hosts involved? (iii) In which habitats are those resistant bacteria found? (iv) Areresistances associated with certain ecological traits of the host?4. Synthesis and applications. We highlight the strong link existing between the impact ofhuman activities on natural habitats and the carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria bywildlife. Furthermore, we underline that omnivorous, anthropophilic and carnivorous speciesare at high risk of being carriers and potentially spreaders of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.Identifying among those groups key sentinel species may be of particular interest to implementecosystem contamination surveillance. Finally, we discuss possible exchange routes forantimicrobial-resistant bacteria between humans and wildlife. Considering that water is ofmajor importance in those exchanges, a critical way to control antimicrobial resistance spreadmay be to limit aquatic environment contamination by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria andantibiotics
First Description of IncX3 Plasmids Carrying bla OXA-181 in Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates in Burkina Faso
International audienc