Face Recognition System based on Wavelet, PCA-LDA and SVM

Face recognition has become one of the important research areas that is used in wide range of applications such as security systems, Information security and personal identification etc. In this paper, we deal with a face recognition system using wavelet transformation to preprocessing of face image and combination of Linear Discriminate Analysis and Principle Components Analysis, algorithm to extract features. Finally, support vector machine algorithm is used for classification. An experiment on Olivetti-Oracle Research Laboratory face is implemented to test performance of the proposed method. The results of this experiment showed the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords: Face recognition, Principal Component Analyses, Linear Discriminate Analysis, Support Vector Machine

Energy-Efficient Low-Complexity Algorithm in 5G Massive MIMO Systems

Energy efficiency (EE) is a critical design when taking into account circuit power consumption (CPC) in fifth-generation cellular networks. These problems arise because of the increasing number of antennas in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, attributable to inter-cell interference for channel state information. Apart from that, a higher number of radio frequency (RF) chains at the base station and active users consume more power due to the processing activities in digital-to-analogue converters and power amplifiers. Therefore, antenna selection, user selection, optimal transmission power, and pilot reuse power are important aspects in improving energy efficiency in massive MIMO systems. This work aims to investigate joint antenna selection, optimal transmit power and joint user selection based on deriving the closed-form of the maximal EE, with complete knowledge of large-scale fading with maximum ratio transmission. It also accounts for channel estimation and eliminating pilot contamination as antennasM→∞. This formulates the optimization problem of joint optimal antenna selection, transmits power allocation and joint user selection to mitigate inter-cellinterference in downlink multi-cell massiveMIMO systems under minimized reuse of pilot sequences based on a novel iterative low-complexity algorithm (LCA) for Newton’s methods and Lagrange multipliers. To analyze the precise power consumption, a novel power consumption scheme is proposed for each individual antenna, based on the transmit power amplifier and CPC. Simulation results demonstrate that the maximal EE was achieved using the iterative LCA based on reasonable maximum transmit power, in the case the noise power is less than the received power pilot. The maximum EE was achieved with the desired maximum transmit power threshold by minimizing pilot reuse, in the case the transmit power allocation ρd = 40 dBm, and the optimal EE=71.232 Mb/j

Compared levels of specific divalent trace elements in hyperlipidemia and hepatitis sera patients

Patients with hepatitis infection can also have hyperlipidemia. Sera of both hepatitis (40) and hyperlipidemia (40) were collected from the central lab of Sulaimaniyah-Kurdistan region/ Iraq. Age, sex, duration of infection, medication used and lipid profile using computerized database program, as characteristics information of patients were done.  The levels of Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, V and Se were determined in sera of both patients and compared with healthy controlled (n=30), using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Hepatitis samples yielded concentration in ppb of (7.34±0.01) Cr, (171.7±2.51) Cu, (138±3.41) Zn, (1.309±0.99) Mn, (184.7±6.12) V and (218.9±3.14) Se respectively, while hyperlipidemia samples yielded concentration (ppb) of (5.22±0.45) Cr, (197.01±2.34) Cu, (160.3±4.01) Zn, (0.068±1.91) Mn, (247.01±0.65) V and (185.5±3.11) Se respectively. Controlled samples reflects the following concentrations (ppm),  (5.324±1.34) Cr, (131.2±4.34) Cu, (216.6±0.83) Zn, (0.024±1.75) Mn, (235.3±0.18) V and (223.2±3.15) Se  respectively.The aim of the study focused on evaluating metal ions physiological role in the body, and as liver was responsible for synthesizing lipid , thus lipid profiles where suggested to be investigated along the study. Key words: hepatitis, hyperlipidemia, trace elements, ICP-OES techniqu

Analyze of pilot reuse with achievable sum rate for massive MIMO cellular uplink

The last ten years have seen important developments of massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) in wireless communication. Massive MIMO has currently been presented in the 5G wireless standards. The number of terminals is increasing with additional appliances. At the same time, high transmission sum rates and communication reliability are required. Moreover, the multi-cell MMSE scheme, which includes an uplink MMSE and MRT decoders. Furthermore, this paper focuses how the MMSE activities all obtainable pilots for interference suppression. Specifically, this paper investigates the spectral efficiency of the massive MIMO, pilot contamination, which MMSE exploits all available pilots for interference suppression, and estimated locally at every BS, to actively suppress both intra-cell and inter-cell interference. Consequently, the average sum rate is proportional with SINR, using the linear scheme all of MMSE, ZF and optimal MMSE, while the sum rate is reverse proportional with linear decoding MRT. Then, when the number of base stations increases, the linear schemes MMSE, ZF and optimal MMSE have more convergence, while when the number of BS decreases the linear decoding schemes only have convergence except for MRT. However, at high SNR a higher number of antennas achieve better than a low number of antennas

Pilot reuse sequences for TDD in downlink multi-cells to improve data rates

The exponential growth in demand for high data rate transmission to users in fifth generation wireless networks, focus there has been a particular research focus on new techniques that achievable high data rate by suppressing interference between neighboring cells. In this paper, we propose that system performance can be improved by using perfect channel estimation and reducing effective interference with pilot reuse that mitigate strong pilot contamination based on the knowledge of large-scale fading coefficients. We derived the lower bounds on the achievable data rate in downlink by analyzing the performance of the zero-forcing precoding method and derive the signal-to-interference noise ratio to mitigate interference between neighboring cells. From the simulation results, the large pilot reuse sequences improved the achievable data rate and provided better estimation for a channel. When the number of users is large, the interference between neighboring cells can be suppressed by using orthogonal pilot reuse sequences

Using Shabby Chic Style in Contemporary Clothing Accessories to Achieve the Principles of Sustainable Development

The research team is keen to provide a new thinking approach characterized by creativity and innovation to achieve the principles of sustainable development, both environmentally and economically. Thus, the team thought about how to preserve the environment by using worn-out clothes and accessories that are not usable again or through recycling instead of disposing of them permanently in a way that harms the environment while emphasizing the economic aspect and reducing the cost. The research team invented artworks with an antique touch as accessories to contemporary clothes, based on the Shabby Chic style, which is one of the economical styles that reuses old worn-out items and mixes them with simple modern ones to create an atmosphere of simplicity and elegance. It is a method used in interior design that combines elements of old furniture with simple design, soft colors, and classic touches that give the house a comfortable and attractive atmosphere. This is the reason why the research team applied the rules of this style with clothes and their accessories attempting to provide inexpensive and creative solutions to be the basis of a small successful project that goes with the new trend of entrepreneurship, in line with the events that the whole world is witnessing nowadays; and this is the most prominent goal of the research. The research followed the descriptive approach with analysis and application. It included a questionnaire to measure the opinions of experts about the suggested designs, and a questionnaire to identify the opinions of consumers about the suggested designs as well. The findings suggest that Shabby Chic Style could be used to create contemporary designs for clothing accessories that meet the principles of sustainable development and entrepreneurship

Experimental Study Of Natural Convection Heat Transfer In An Enclosed Vibration Cavity

Experimental study has been implemented to elucidate an affect of mechanical vibration at  normal gravity on natural convection in cubic enclosure  side (L=120mm) filled with air ( 14Pr=0.71)">  at two amount of heat flux (. The enclosure was comprised of two vertical and opposed surfaces. The right wall was heated at uniform heat flux where the left wall cooled was maintained at 14Tc"> , surrounded by four other adiabatic surfaces. Vibration stresses were applied to this heat transfer cell by mounting it vertically on the armature of electrodynamic vibratior. The experiments were carried out at for Rayleigh number range ( 147*107-4*108)"> and aspect ratio equal (1), frequencies from 2to 8 Hertz at 14q""> =85 14Wm2">  and from 3 to 9 Hertz at 946.017 14Wm2"> ). In the high Rayleih number case (Ra=4* 14108"> ), the gravitional thermal convection dominates, and the vibration motion does not enhances the heat transfer remarkably. In contrast, in low Rayleigh (Ra=7* 14107"> ), the vibration thermal convection is dominant, and the vibration enhaces the heat transfer rate significantly. In addition, the higher the vibration frequency is, the quicker the steady stateis reached and for two cases of Rayeigh number at ascending frequencies is in general higher than that descending frequencies. Keywords: Cubic Enclosure, Mechanical Vibration

Maximizing Energy Efficiency for Consumption Circuit Power in Downlink Massive MIMO Wireless Networks

Massive multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) systems are crucial to maximizing energy efficiency (EE) and battery-saving technology. Achieving EE without sacrificing the quality of service (QoS) is increasingly important for mobile devices. We first derive the data rate through zero forcing (ZF) and three linear precodings: maximum ratio transmission (MRT), zero forcing (ZF), and minimum mean square error (MMSE). Performance EE can be achieved when all available antennas are used and when taking account of the consumption circuit power ignored because of high transmit power. The aim of this work is to demonstrate how to obtain maximum EE while minimizing power consumed, which achieves a high data rate by deriving the optimal number of antennas in the downlink massive MIMO system. This system includes not only the transmitted power but also the fundamental operation circuit power at the transmitter signal. Maximized EE depends on the optimal number of antennas and determines the number of active users that should be scheduled in each cell. We conclude that the linear precoding technique MMSE achieves the maximum EE more than ZF and MRTbecause the MMSE is able to make the massive MIMO system less sensitive to SNR at an increased number of antennas

Adaptive Antenna Selection and Power Allocation in Downlink Massive MIMO Systems

Massive multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) systems are an exciting area of study and an important technique for fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks that support high data rate traffic. An increased number of antenna arrays at the base station (BS) consumes more power due to a higher number of radio frequency (RF) chains, which cannot be neglected and becomes a technical challenge. In this paper, we investigated how to obtain the maximal data rate by deriving the optimal number of RF chains from a large number of available antenna arrays at the BS when there is equal power allocation among users. Meanwhile, to mitigate inter-user-interference and to compute transmit power allocation, we used the precoding scheme zero forcing beamforming (ZFBF). The achievable data rate is increased because the algorithm of ZFBF enables the choosing of the maximum power in relation to the optimal antenna selection. We conclude that the transmit power allocation  allows the use of less number of RF chains which provides the maximum achievable data rate depending on the optimal RF chain at the BS