Polyunsaturated fatty acid content of breast milk from women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus

Reduced insulin sensitivity and abnormal nutrient metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may compromise polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of breast milk. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare PUFA milk composition of women with and without GDM. Breast milk collections were performed in GDM (n=6) and controls (n=12) at weeks 2, 6, 10 and 12 postpartum using a hospital grade breast pump. Estimated dietary intake of PUFA and use of prenatal supplements containing DHA (PS/DHA) was determined by 24-hour dietary recalls conducted after each milk collection. Based on these preliminary data, milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) concentration in milk of women with GDM not consuming PS/DHA had a tendency to be lower compared to controls at all weeks, and the n-3 to n-6 long chain fatty acid ratio was lower at 6 and 10 weeks. There were no differences between groups for other milk PUFAs. Further, women with GDM and controls who consumed PS/DHA during lactation had higher milk DHA compared to women not consuming PS/DHA at weeks 2 and 6 for GDM and week 12 for controls. Milk eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) was higher at weeks 2, 6, and 10 in women with GDM consuming PS/DHA and weeks 10 and 12 for controls. Dietary + supplement linoleic acid (LA; C18:2n-6), linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3n-3), DHA, EPA, and n-3/n-6 were correlated with breast milk content of these fatty acids. Dietary ALA and LA did not correlate with milk DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4n-6). Interestingly, there was an inverse association between 1 hour postpandrial glycemia during pregnancy and average milk DHA over the four time points. The current investigation points to lower milk DHA concentration in women with GDM who did not consume PS/DHA compared to controls not consumig PS/DHA. Based on these findings, and an earlier report of low DHA concentration in infants born to women with GDM, the importance of DHA supplementation during breast feeding for women with GDM is underscored

El cuento salvadoreño como recurso metodológico utilizado para el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora en la asignatura de lenguaje en los estudiantes de segundo ciclo de educación básica en los Centros Escolares Juan Ramón Jiménez, Centro Escolar José Dolores Larreynaga y Centro Escolar República de Nicaragua, del municipio de Quezaltepeque, del departamento de La Libertad, año 2019

El desarrollo de la comprensión lectora, es una de las competencias que marca una tendencia en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes desde su inicio; ya que a través de este proceso se logra un conocimiento ampliado y diversificado de textos. El sistema educativo actual en El Salvador, facilita muchos recursos tanto lingüísticos como textos escritos para el fortalecimiento de la lectura y la escritura, no obstante, presenta ciertas limitantes en cuanto al alcance del desarrollo de la comprensión lectora ya que carece de recursos metodológicos, el cual dificulta a los docentes que se logre el alcance de dicha competencia que en gran medida, afecta directamente a los estudiantes en el fortalecimiento y aprendizaje de esta área, para la adquisición de los conocimiento

Implementation tells us more beyond pooled estimates: Secondary analysis of a multicountry mhealth trial to reduce blood pressure

Background: The uptake of an intervention aimed at improving health-related lifestyles may be influenced by the participant’s stage of readiness to change behaviors. Objective: We conducted secondary analysis of the Grupo de Investigación en Salud Móvil en América Latina (GISMAL) trial according to levels of uptake of intervention (dose-response) to explore outcomes by country, in order to verify the consistency of the trial’s pooled results, and by each participant’s stage of readiness to change a given lifestyle at baseline. The rationale for this secondary analysis is motivated by the original design of the GISMAL study that was independently powered for the primary outcome—blood pressure—for each country. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a mobile health (mHealth) multicountry trial conducted in Argentina, Guatemala, and Peru. The intervention consisted of monthly motivational phone calls by a trained nutritionist and weekly tailored text messages (short message service), over a 12-month period, aimed to enact change on 4 health-related behaviors: salt added to foods when cooking, consumption of high-fat and high-sugar foods, consumption of fruits or vegetables, and practice of physical activity. Results were stratified by country and by participants’ stage of readiness to change (precontemplation or contemplation; preparation or action; or maintenance) at baseline. Exposure (intervention uptake) was the level of intervention (<50%, 50%-74%, and ≥75%) received by the participant in terms of phone calls. Linear regressions were performed to model the outcomes of interest, presented as standardized mean values of the following: blood pressure, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, and the 4 health-related behaviors. Results: For each outcome of interest, considering the intervention uptake, the magnitude and direction of the intervention effect differed by country and by participants’ stage of readiness to change at baseline. Among those in the high intervention uptake category, reductions in systolic blood pressure were only achieved in Peru, whereas fruit and vegetable consumption also showed reductions among those who were at the maintenance stage at baseline in Argentina and Guatemala. Conclusions: Designing interventions oriented toward improving health-related lifestyle behaviors may benefit from recognizing baseline readiness to change and issues in implementation uptake.Fil: Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Jiwani, Safia S.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Diez Canseco, Francisco. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Kanter, Rebecca. Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama; Guatemala. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Beratarrechea, Andrea Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy; ArgentinaFil: Irazola, Vilma. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez Zea, Manuel. Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama; GuatemalaFil: Rubinstein, Adolfo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Homero. Nutrition International; Canadá. Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; MéxicoFil: Miranda, J. Jaime. Cronicas Centro de Excelencia En Enfermedades Crónicas; Perú. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Alasino, Adrían. Funprecal; ArgentinaFil: Budiel Moscoso, Berneth Nuris. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Carrara, Carolina. Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Espinoza Surichaqui, Jackelyn. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Giardini, Gimena. Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Guevara, Jesica. Institute of Nutrition of Central America And Panama Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Morales Juárez, Analí. Institute of Nutrition of Central America And Panama Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Lázaro Cuesta, Lorena. Funprecal; ArgentinaFil: Lewitan, Dalia. Institute For Clinical Effectiveness And Health Policy; ArgentinaFil: Palomares Estrada, Lita. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Martínez Ramírez, Carla. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: de la Cruz, Gloria Robles. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Salguero, Julissa. Institute Of Nutrition Of Central America And Panama Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Saravia Drago, Juan Carlos. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Urtasún, María. Institute For Clinical Effectiveness And Health Policy; ArgentinaFil: Zavala Loayza, José Alfredo. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Per

Modalidad auxiliar de investigación: Acta de Evaluación de trabajo de grado en modalidad auxiliar de investigación, para obtener el título de Doctor en Cirugía Dental, en el proyecto titulado “Impacto en la calidad de vida relacionado a enfermedad periodontal en usuarios que asisten a las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar en el año 2022”

Acta finalización de proceso de grado de cincuenta estudiantes, quienes finalizaron su trabajo de investigación durante periodo de enero 2022 a diciembre 2022, lo que justifica finalización de requisito en Modalidad Auxiliar de investigación del proyecto del Centro de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador, titulado: “Impacto en la calidad de vida relacionado a enfermedad periodontal en usuarios que asisten a las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar en el año 2022” para obtener el título de Doctor en Cirugía Dental de la Facultad de Odontología de la universidad de el salvador. Por tanto, se da por finalizado su trabajo de grado en modalidad auxiliar de investigación, el día trece de febrero de dos mil veintitrés