Pengembangan Materi Pembelajaran Bilangan Berdasarkan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Untuk Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan materi pembelajaran matematika pada materi bilangan yang berdasarkan PMR dalam bentuk buku siswa yang valid, praktis, dan mempunyai potensial efek untuk siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian pengembangan yang terdiri dari analisis, desain, evaluasi dan revisi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara analisis dokumen, wawancara dan tes. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 5C SD Negeri 117 Palembang yang berjumlah 41 orang. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa sangat antusias dan senang dalam belajar, siswa juga memberikan sikap positif terhadap pembelajaran matematika yang dilihat dari komentar mereka, serta tes kemampuan mereka yang menunjukkan hasil baik dengan rata-rata 79,79 dimana 34 orang siswa (82,93%) memperoleh nilai ³ 66. Oleh karena itu, prototipe ketiga buku siswa yang peneliti disain menghasilkan materi pembelajaran bilangan yang valid, praktis, dan mempunyai potensial efek untuk siswa kelas V SD Negeri 117 Palembang dan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam pembelajaran bilangan

Pengembangan Soal-soal Open-ended Pada Pokok Bahasan Segitiga Dan Segiempat Di SMP

The research is proposed to: (1) get open-ended problems which are valid and practice on the math topic Triangle and Rectangle in junior high school. (2) find potential effects of open ended problems to the students on the topic about triangle and rectangle in junior high school. The methodology that use in this study is a developmental research. Subject of this research is 35 students of seventh grade (VII.10) at SMP Negeri 2 Banyuasin III. The way of collecting data is by using interview, document analysis, and test of open ended problems. All data have been collected was analysed by using qualitative descriptive. The result of data analysis come to conclusion, that: (1) This research produces open ended problems on the topic of triangle and rectangle for students of VII grade are valid and practice. The validity was described by the result of validator scores, where the all validators state that the instrument have been valid based on content, construction and language. The validity was also described by the validation the problems in small group. The practical was described by testing the problem to a small group where most of the students were able to solve the open-ended problems given. (2) The prototype of open-ended problems which was developed have positive potential effect to the result of student learning process, and it is shown by the variety of the students\u27 answers and the average of complete students of 3 time tests of open-ended problems which resulted 77,2%

Multi-Parameter Entanglement in Femtosecond Parametric Down-Conversion

A theory of spontaneous parametric down-conversion, which gives rise to a quantum state that is entangled in multiple parameters, such as three-dimensional wavevector and polarization, allows us to understand the unusual characteristics of fourth-order quantum interference in many experiments, including ultrafast type-II parametric down-conversion, the specific example illustrated in this paper. The comprehensive approach provided here permits the engineering of quantum states suitable for quantum information schemes and new quantum technologies.Comment: to appear in Physical Review

Evaluation of phenolics, capsaicinoids, antioxidant properties, and major macro-micro minerals of some hot and sweet peppers and ginger land-races of Malaysia

There are compelling evidences that oxidative stress plays important role in age‐related neurodegenerative diseases and natural food‐derived dietary antioxidants appear to be the first line of defence to take care of the oxidative stress. The analysis results of this study showed that Cili Burung of the hot pepper landraces contained the highest amount of TPC (1.00 mg/g DW), TFC (0.17 mg/g DW), capsaicinoids (0.05 mg/g), and the highest FRAP activity (439 mg/g DW). However, DPPH assay revealed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 250 μg/ml) in Halia Bara rhizome. Rhizomes of both landraces of ginger showed a significant amount of capsaicinoids. Hot pepper Cili Ungu (5.50 g/kg) and sweet pepper Cili Kulai had the highest P contents (~5.5 g/kg). Halia Bentong ginger rhizome had the highest content of K (33.84 g/kg); however, Halia Bentong ginger roots had remarkably greater contents of Ca (10.96 g/kg). Ginger rhizomes and roots had greater contents of micro minerals compared to hot and sweet chili peppers. Ginger roots contained good amounts of bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients indicating its commercial value

Graphene plasmons in triangular wedges and grooves

The ability to effectively guide electromagnetic radiation below the diffraction limit is of the utmost importance in the prospect of all-optical plasmonic circuitry. Here, we propose an alternative solution to conventional metal-based plasmonics by exploiting the deep subwavelength confinement and tunability of graphene plasmons guided along the apex of a graphene-covered dielectric wedge or groove. In particular, we present a quasi-analytic model to describe the plasmonic eigenmodes in such a system, including the complete determination of their spectrum and corresponding induced potential and electric-field distributions. We have found that the dispersion of wedge/groove graphene plasmons follows the same functional dependence as their flat-graphene plasmon counterparts, but now scaled by a (purely) geometric factor in which all the information about the system’s geometry is contained. We believe our results pave the way for the development of novel custom-tailored photonic devices for subwavelength waveguiding and localization of light based on recently discovered 2D materials.PADG, SX and NAM acknowledge financial support from the Danish National Research Foundation through the sponsoring of the Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), ProjectDNRF103. NMRP acknowledges funding from the European Commission within of the project “Graphene Driven Revolutions in ICT and Beyond” (Ref. No. 696656), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Financing UID/FIS/04650/2013, and the hospitality of the MackGraphe Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian University

Graphene Photonics and Optoelectronics

The richness of optical and electronic properties of graphene attracts enormous interest. Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency, in addition to flexibility, robustness and environmental stability. So far, the main focus has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices. However, we believe its true potential to be in photonics and optoelectronics, where the combination of its unique optical and electronic properties can be fully exploited, even in the absence of a bandgap, and the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultra-wide-band tunability. The rise of graphene in photonics and optoelectronics is shown by several recent results, ranging from solar cells and light emitting devices, to touch screens, photodetectors and ultrafast lasers. Here we review the state of the art in this emerging field.Comment: Review Nature Photonics, in pres

Modeling recursive RNA interference.

An important application of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is its use as a small RNA-based regulatory system commonly exploited to suppress expression of target genes to test their function in vivo. In several published experiments, RNAi has been used to inactivate components of the RNAi pathway itself, a procedure termed recursive RNAi in this report. The theoretical basis of recursive RNAi is unclear since the procedure could potentially be self-defeating, and in practice the effectiveness of recursive RNAi in published experiments is highly variable. A mathematical model for recursive RNAi was developed and used to investigate the range of conditions under which the procedure should be effective. The model predicts that the effectiveness of recursive RNAi is strongly dependent on the efficacy of RNAi at knocking down target gene expression. This efficacy is known to vary highly between different cell types, and comparison of the model predictions to published experimental data suggests that variation in RNAi efficacy may be the main cause of discrepancies between published recursive RNAi experiments in different organisms. The model suggests potential ways to optimize the effectiveness of recursive RNAi both for screening of RNAi components as well as for improved temporal control of gene expression in switch off-switch on experiments

Sculpting oscillators with light within a nonlinear quantum fluid

Seeing macroscopic quantum states directly remains an elusive goal. Particles with boson symmetry can condense into such quantum fluids producing rich physical phenomena as well as proven potential for interferometric devices [1-10]. However direct imaging of such quantum states is only fleetingly possible in high-vacuum ultracold atomic condensates, and not in superconductors. Recent condensation of solid state polariton quasiparticles, built from mixing semiconductor excitons with microcavity photons, offers monolithic devices capable of supporting room temperature quantum states [11-14] that exhibit superfluid behaviour [15,16]. Here we use microcavities on a semiconductor chip supporting two-dimensional polariton condensates to directly visualise the formation of a spontaneously oscillating quantum fluid. This system is created on the fly by injecting polaritons at two or more spatially-separated pump spots. Although oscillating at tuneable THz-scale frequencies, a simple optical microscope can be used to directly image their stable archetypal quantum oscillator wavefunctions in real space. The self-repulsion of polaritons provides a solid state quasiparticle that is so nonlinear as to modify its own potential. Interference in time and space reveals the condensate wavepackets arise from non-equilibrium solitons. Control of such polariton condensate wavepackets demonstrates great potential for integrated semiconductor-based condensate devices.Comment: accepted in Nature Physic

Distribution of Energy-Momentum in a Schwarzschild-Quintessence Space-time Geometry

An analysis of the energy-momentum localization for a four-dimensional\break Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence is presented in order to provide expressions for the distributions of energy and momentum. The calculations are performed by using the Landau-Lifshitz and Weinberg energy-momentum complexes. It is shown that all the momenta vanish, while the expression for the energy depends on the mass $M$ of the black hole, the state parameter $w_{q}$ and the normalization factor $c$. The special case of $w_{q}=-2/3$ is also studied, and two limiting cases are examined.Comment: 9 page