Construcción y validación de un instrumento de evaluación de estrategias metodológicas aplicadas a la Educación Física

This paper summarizes a study carried out to develop an instrument aimed to assess the implementation of different methodological strategies used in the teaching - learning process of the students in the Human Movement Sciences fiend. Thoughout the revision of the literature and focused discussion groups, four methodological strategies were selected and defined . A group of experts designed the instrument to assess the strategies. Content Validity of the instrument was considered by the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and reliability was assessed by the Cronbach's alpha (r=0.723) using a sample 65 students of the Physical Education Degree of the University of Costa Rica. The result is the valid and reliable instrument presented here that can be used to assess four methodological strategies with in the Physical Education Sciences studies or similar areas.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo desarrollar un instrumento que permita evaluar la aplicación de diferentes estrategias metodológicas utilizadas en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje del alumnado en formación en las Ciencias del Movimiento Humano. Por medio de una revisión de literatura y de grupos de discusión se seleccionaron y definieron las siguientes estrategias metodológicas: clase magistral, enseñanza práctica, seminarios y juegos pre-deportivos; posteriormente se procedió a redactar los ítems para cada estrategia. Una vez construido el instrumento se validó por medio de validez de contenido y se calculó el Índice de Validez de Contenido para cada ítem (CVR, por sus siglas en inglés). La prueba se aplicó a 65 estudiantes de la carrera de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y se obtuvo la fiabilidad de r=0.723 por medio del alfa de Cronbach. Se presenta un instrumento válido y fiable para la evaluación de la aplicación de cuatro estrategias metodológicas utilizadas en la formación de profesionales en el área del movimiento humano

Hysteroscopic findings and intrauterine pathology treatment in Mexican infertile women

Background: Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive approach in gynecologic surgery and one of the main procedures performed on women undergoing fertility treatments. Intrauterine pathology negatively affects fertility by decreasing endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation success, and its prevalence has been reported between 19% and 62%. The aim of our study was to describe the hysteroscopic findings, prevalence of intrauterine pathology, the instruments used for the treatment of structural lesions in Mexican infertile women; and to compare the relationship of positive findings with the type of infertility. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at fertility clinic at a private hospital. Results: We evaluated 191 hysteroscopies; the mean age of women was 35.5+3.2 years and the mean time of infertility 5.7+3.2 years. Primary infertility was the most prevalent (79.1%). In 118 cases (61.8%), uterine cavity abnormalities were diagnosed, the most frequent findings were: polyps (n=51, 26.7%), endometritis (n=30, 15.7%), fibroids (n=15, 7.6 %), synechiae (n=12, 6.5%), and müllerian anomalies (n=10, 5.3%). For structural pathology treatment, cold scissors and bipolar energy were used in 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Overall intrauterine pathology prevalence in our study population was 61.8%. Cold scissors and bipolar energy were used for structural lesions treatment. When comparing the relationship of hysteroscopic findings, no statistically significant difference was found in the presence of positive findings, with the type of infertility.

Normative values for anthropometric, adiposity, and handgrip strength in Costa Rican adults aged 53 to 110 yrs. old.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to develop normative data for anthropometric, adiposity and upper body strength in Costa Rican adults 60 to 110 years old. Method: A representative sample of Costa Rican male and female older adults (n= 2 711) were assessed for body weight and height, knee height, waist, hip and arm circumferences, adiposity, and upper-body strength. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were selected as the normative reference points for each 10-year age groups (60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90-99, and ≥100). Results: Men and women experience age-related increased adiposity and reductions in upper body strength; however, men increased their upper-body strength at older ages. Conclusion: The normative values allow health professionals to monitor anthropometric, adiposity, and upper-body strength in older adults, and to design comprehensive fitness interventions that promote a healthy lifestyle in the populationFlorida Ice and Farm Co./[072406/Z/03/Z]/FIFCO/Costa RicaNational Institute of Aging/[P30AG012839]/NIH/Estados UnidosNational Institute of Aging/[R01AG031716]/NIH/Estados UnidosUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Educación::Escuela de Educación FísicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro Centroamericano de Población (CCP)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Económicas::Escuela de Estadístic

Normative Anthropometric and Physical-Function Scores for Costa Rican Older Adults

INTRODUCTION: The aging population is becoming significantly large in several countries due to improved health conditions and higher life expectancy. For instance, Costa Rican elderly have 17% less mortality at 90 yr. of age than elderly from high-income countries, and in Costa Rica life expectancy is higher for men than for women. In developed countries such as Spain, a large number of sedentary elderly have been found with elevated body fat percentage, which might impact their overall health and quality of life. Although the international scientific literature is extensive, the physical and functional status of Central American elderly is unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to construct normative scores for anthropometric, adiposity and upper-arm strength variables in Costa Rican adults aged 60 to 110 yr. METHODS: Participants were 5494 Costa Rican elderly randomly selected from the Costa Rican National Population Census. These participants were assessed to determine their general health status and to obtain anthropometric, adiposity and hand grip strength measures. RESULTS: Nearly 50% of males and females showed an increased risk of metabolic complications (χ2 = 91.6; p ≤ 0.001). A higher percentage of females (64.5%) had abdominal obesity compared to males (18.6%). Males (39.8%) were more pre-obese than females (37.2%) and also type II obesity was more frequent in males (3.8%) than in females (3.5%). Males had higher body weight (4.4%) than females (3.9%), less type I obesity (13.4%) than women (17.5%) and less type III obesity (1.0%) than females (1.5%). Gender specific percentile-based norms (P10th, P25th, P50th, P75th, and P90th) were derived from data collected for each 10-year age groups (60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90-99, and ≥100). CONCLUSION: This is the first population-based study in Central America reporting normative scores for anthropometric and physical-function variables in older adults

Development of a VO2Peak prediction equation in elderly

Actividad de Apoyo a la Investigación 723 B5 743. “Línea de investigación sobre envejecimiento, memoria, síndromes demenciales y el proyecto EDAD del Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas”. Actividad derivada del proyecto: Edad, Fase1: envejecimiento saludable en zonas urbanas y rurales. (EDAD, Phase 1: Healthy Aging in Urban and Rural Areas. EDAD "The Epidemiology and Development of Alzheimer´s Disease)". NIH –Fogarty Grant Number: 1R21TW009665 – 01. Fogarty International Center (FIC), National Institute of Health (NIH). Universidad de Kansas-Universidad de Costa Rica. Investigadora principal: Dra. Mónica Salazar-Villanea, Ph.D.Introduction. Aging decreases aerobic capacity as determined by direct maximal tests (Hassel et al. 2015). There are indirect methods to assess aerobic capacity such as the 6-min walking test (6MWT). Some equations to predict aerobic capacity have been developed from the 6MWT distance; however, there are no equations to predict aerobic capacity in Latin American elderly. Therefore the purpose of this study was to develop an equation to predict peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) from the 6MWT and anthropometric variables in functional Costa Rican elderly. Methods. Participants were 79 Costa Rican functional elderly (69.5 ± 24.5 yr.). Volunteers were excluded if they presented gait problems. Anthropometric measures included body height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine VO2peak on a graded exercise test using the modified Balke protocol, and the 6MWT (Rikli & Jones, 1998) to determine total walking distance. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation, repeated measures t-student, Lin’s concordance coefficient and Bland-Altman, and multiple linear regression. Results. The regression equation for Costa Rican elderly from predictor variables is VO2peak = 17.59 + 0.028 (6MWT in meters) – 0.256 (BMI) -2.567(Gender), with an R2 = 0.48 and a standard error of estimation (SEE) = 3.25 ml/kg min. No significant differences between predicted (23.26 ± 3.08 ml/kg min) and measured (22.95 ± 4.45 ml/kg min) VO2peak values were found (p > 0.05). A high correlation between predicted and measured VO2peak values was obtained (r = 0.70, p < 0.01); however, there was a poor concordance between tests according to Lin’s coefficient (r = 0.61). Discussion. Some variables like the body adiposity (Carpio‐Rivera et al. 2015), 6MWD (Fernandes et al. 2016) or the VO2max cannot be predicted using reference equations derived from different kind of populations. The new equation to predict aerobic capacity in Costa Rican elderly explains 48% of the variance and has an acceptable predictive error.Universidad de Costa Rica/[723-B5-743]/UCR/Costa Ric

Prediction of Peak Aerobic Power among Costa Rican Older Adults

Introduction: The peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is considered a valid indicator of the cardiovascular system function, and when measured on a metabolic cart it is considered the gold standard for cardiorespiratory fitness. Prediction equations have been developed to indirectly determine VO2 peak; however, there are no equations specific to Costa Rican older adults. Aim: To develop a VO2peak prediction equation for Costa Rican adults over 60 years using the distance achieved on the Six minutes Walking Test (6MWT) and anthropometrical measures. Materials and Methods: Seventy-nine adults (Mean age=68.8±4.79 yr.) read and signed the informed consent, then scanned on DXA for body composition, then measured the HR before and after the 6MWT. Following a 10-minutes recovery period from the 6MWT, they performed a VO2peak treadmill test with breath-to-breath calorimetry gas analysis. The prediction model included body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat mass index, distance on the 6MWT, and change in Heart Rate (HR) following the 6MWT. Results: The prediction equation was VO2peak=17.59+0.028 {6MWT(m)}–0.256{BMI (kg/m2)}–2.567 (gender: 0 male, 1 female)±3.25 ml•kg-1•min-1 (R2 =0.48). A strong correlation (r=0.70, p<0.01) between predicted and measured calorimetry VO2peak values was obtained; yet, a poor concordance based on Lin’s coefficient (r=0.61). Conclusion: A VO2peak prediction equation with high accuracy and highly correlated to directly-measured VO2peak was developed for urban Costa Rican older adults. Non-specific population equations are not valid to predict VO2peak in urban Costa Rican older adults.Universidad de Costa Rica/[838-B4-364]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de PsicologíaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Educación::Escuela de Educación FísicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Ciencias Sociales::Maestría Académica en Ciencias del Movimiento Human

Quality of Life and Menopause

Since the middle of twentieth century, the concept of Quality of Life (QoL) has been a point of interest for many investigators and clinicians for different health and physiological issues. Menopause has not been an exemption of this, due to the increase of the life expectation, the importance of Women’s Health and the view of this period of life as important as the reproductive one. Many of us work, trying to offer these women with treatments, health solutions, and psychological tools to embrace and enjoy this new chapter in her life. In this chapter, we present a review of the QoL studies on this period and the new trends on treatments and help for these women on health problems, their mental and sexual well-being