Contribución al desarrollo social a través de la extensión universitaria

La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), a través de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones Innovación y Extensión, busca promover la extensión universitaria como una estrategia que permite el intercambio, la aplicación y la integración del conocimiento científico, tecnológico, artístico y cultural; al igual que la vinculación con la realidad social, cultural, económica y productiva de la región y del país, al darle valor a las capacidades institucionales y al generar una articulación e integración entre la docencia y la investigación, la cual permita la identificación de problemáticas y la propuesta de alternativas de solución; además de las oportunidades en el sector externo para realizar intervenciones y alianzas que conduzcan a fortalecer y aportar al desarrollo económico, cultural y el bienestar de la comunidad en general. En este sentido, para el año 2018 se ofertó, a los miembros de la comunidad universitaria, la «Convocatoria interna para la financiación de proyectos de extensión social, cultural y artístico» cuya ejecución se realizaría en el año 2019 y cuyo objetivo era fomentar el desarrollo de proyectos de carácter social, cultural, artístico, los cuales permitieran la solución y transformación de problemáticas que involucraran o beneficiaran sectores de diferentes comunidades. En esta convocatoria fueron financiados catorce proyectos que involucran a diferentes estamentos de la sociedad civil en torno al planteamiento y a la discusión de problemáticas, conflictos y sus posibles soluciones, así como a la identificación de oportunidades de progresos tecnológicos, ambientales, educativos o de creación artística, los cuales involucren o beneficien sectores de diferentes comunidades

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Perfiles de mercados de los 50 estados de USA

Dadas las condiciones del intercambio bilateral entre Colombia y los Estados Unidos (TLC), se pone en bandeja una serie de oportunidades positivas para todo el empresariado colombiano y sobre todo para el desarrollo y futuro de Colombia. Para que esto sea posible, es de suma importancia conocer un poco más a fondo no solo el territorio estadounidense, sino sus condiciones de mercado y maneras de ingresar los productos colombianos a ese país. Dado esto, el presente trabajo es un estudio exploratorio y detallado a propósito de revelar los Perfiles de mercado de los cincuenta Estados de los Estados Unidos, con la finalidad de generar un estado del arte acerca de los principales productos que se importan desde ese país, así también, para revelar las principales rutas de acceso utilizadas por los exportadores hacia sus respectivos destinos. Así pues, se pretende guiar a todo empresario sobre su movilidad terrestre y aérea en cada Estado, igualmente de ofrecer algunos consejos de movilidad y demás aspectos. Este documento es creado para apoyar y fomentar el crecimiento de las exportaciones a los Estados Unidos por medio y uso del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre las dos naciones. Esta herramienta es el resultado de una investigación seria, responsable con base a los resultados arrojados por diferentes bases de datos como WiserTrade, y el uso de fuentes de información gubernamentales.Given the conditions of bilateral trade between Colombia and the United States (CAFTA), is put on a plate a number of positive opportunities for the entire Colombian business and especially for the development and future of Colombia. For this to be possible, it is very important to know a little more depth not only U. S. territory, but their market conditions and ways of Colombian products enter that country. Given this, the present work is an exploratory study and detailed disclosure about the market profiles of the fifty states of the United States, in order to generate a state of the art on the main products imported from that country, and also, to reveal the main paths used by exporters to their respective destinations. Thus, it is intended to guide every employer on ground and air mobility in each State, also offer some tips mobility and other aspects. This document is designed to support and encourage the growth of exports to the United States through and use the Free Trade Agreement between the two nations. This tool is the result of a serious, responsible on the basis of the results obtained from different databases as WiserTrade, and use of government information sources.Centro de Estudios Empresariales para la Perdurabilida

Perfiles de mercados de los 50 estados de USA

Dadas las condiciones del intercambio bilateral entre Colombia y los Estados Unidos (TLC), se pone en bandeja una serie de oportunidades positivas para todo el empresariado colombiano y sobre todo para el desarrollo y futuro de Colombia. Para que esto sea posible, es de suma importancia conocer un poco más a fondo no solo el territorio estadounidense, sino sus condiciones de mercado y maneras de ingresar los productos colombianos a ese país.\ud Dado esto, el presente trabajo es un estudio exploratorio y detallado a propósito de revelar los Perfiles de mercado de los cincuenta Estados de los Estados Unidos, con la finalidad de generar un estado del arte acerca de los principales productos que se importan desde ese país, así también, para revelar las principales rutas de acceso utilizadas por los exportadores hacia sus respectivos destinos. Así pues, se pretende guiar a todo empresario sobre su movilidad terrestre y aérea en cada Estado, igualmente de ofrecer algunos consejos de movilidad y demás aspectos.\ud Este documento es creado para apoyar y fomentar el crecimiento de las exportaciones a los Estados Unidos por medio y uso del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre las dos naciones. Esta herramienta es el resultado de una investigación seria, responsable con base a los resultados arrojados por diferentes bases de datos como WiserTrade, y el uso de fuentes de información gubernamentales.Centro de Estudios Empresariales para la PerdurabilidadGiven the conditions of bilateral trade between Colombia and the United States (CAFTA), is put on a plate a number of positive opportunities for the entire Colombian business and especially for the development and future of Colombia. For this to be possible, it is very important to know a little more depth not only U.S. territory, but their market conditions and ways of Colombian products enter that country.\ud Given this, the present work is an exploratory study and detailed disclosure about the market profiles of the fifty states of the United States, in order to generate a state of the art on the main products imported from that country, and also, to reveal the main paths used by exporters to their respective destinations. Thus, it is intended to guide every employer on ground and air mobility in each State, also offer some tips mobility and other aspects.\ud This document is designed to support and encourage the growth of exports to the United States through and use the Free Trade Agreement between the two nations. This tool is the result of a serious, responsible on the basis of the results obtained from different databases as WiserTrade, and use of government information sources

Aspiration risk factors, microbiology, and empiric antibiotics for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia

Background: Aspiration community-acquired pneumonia (ACAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with aspiration risk factors (AspRFs) are infections associated with anaerobes, but limited evidence suggests their pathogenic role. Research question: What are the aspiration risk factors, microbiology patterns, and empiric anti-anaerobic use in patients hospitalized with CAP? Study design and methods: This is a secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of adults hospitalized with CAP. Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) ACAP, (2) CAP/AspRF+ (CAP with AspRF), and (3) CAP/AspRF- (CAP without AspRF). Data on demographics, comorbidities, microbiological results, and anti-anaerobic antibiotics were analyzed in all groups. Patients were further stratified in severe and nonsevere CAP groups. Results: We enrolled 2,606 patients with CAP, of which 193 (7.4%) had ACAP. Risk factors independently associated with ACAP were male, bedridden, underweight, a nursing home resident, and having a history of stroke, dementia, mental illness, and enteral tube feeding. Among non-ACAP patients, 1,709 (70.8%) had CAP/AspRF+ and 704 (29.2%) had CAP/AspRF-. Microbiology patterns including anaerobes were similar between CAP/AspRF-, CAP/AspRF+ and ACAP (0.0% vs 1.03% vs 1.64%). Patients with severe ACAP had higher rates of total gram-negative bacteria (64.3% vs 44.3% vs 33.3%, P = .021) and lower rates of total gram-positive bacteria (7.1% vs 38.1% vs 50.0%, P 50% in all groups) independent of AspRFs or ACAP received specific or broad-spectrum anti-anaerobic coverage antibiotics. Interpretation: Hospitalized patients with ACAP or CAP/AspRF+ had similar anaerobic flora compared with patients without aspiration risk factors. Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent in patients with severe ACAP. Despite having similar microbiological flora between groups, a large proportion of CAP patients received anti-anaerobic antibiotic coverage