La incorporación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para mejorar la comprensión lectora en las niñas de primer grado, de la Institución Educativa La Inmaculada de la ciudad de Pereira

El siguiente proyecto se presenta como una prueba piloto, con la cual se pretende determinar la incidencia de una secuencia didáctica mediada por TIC, en la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes de los grados 1, 2, y 3 de tres instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Pereira (Ciudad Boquía, Remigio Antonio Cañarte, sede Providencia y La Inmaculada) La propuesta se estructuró a partir del proyecto PEPE (Plataforma de Entornos Pedagógicos Especializados) empleado en Chile, en el marco del proyecto de intercambio de investigadores financiado por COLCIENCIAS Y CONICYT, código 511-3-123-14. A esta propuesta inicial se le realizaron ajustes, desde una propuesta didáctica enmarcada en un modelo interactivo de comprensión lectora. A partir de los ajustes se diseño una secuencia didáctica mediada por TIC, para generar transformaciones en el proceso de aprendizaje de la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes. La secuencia se concretó en un diseño tecno-pedagógico, en el cual se enfatizó en los niveles, literal e inferencial de la comprensión lectora, y en los planos del relato, la historia y la narración correspondientes al texto narrativo, además en los procesos de interacción y en el uso de herramientas tecnológicas como el correo electrónico, las páginas de búsqueda y las herramientas básicas de edición. El planteamiento de esta propuesta se justifica, desde los bajos desempeños que tienen los estudiantes en el aprendizaje de la comprensión lectora, la necesidad de incorporar las TIC en el currículo, para contribuir a la formación de docentes y estudiantes, con miras a transformar las concepciones acerca del uso de las TIC, que trascienda la visión de meros instrumentos que por sí mismos garantizan el aprendizaje, a instrumentos mediadores a partir de los cuales se dé prioridad al proceso de construcción del aprendizaje del estudiante, desde el sentido y el significado

Volumetric quantification in ovarian pathology using abdomino-pelvic computed tomography

Pathological ovary is categorized into cystic tumors, solid tumors and mixed, according to the content of the affected ovary. Accordingly, the degree of benignity or malignity thereof is established. The imaging study for the preliminary morphological assessment of PO is ultrasound, in its pelvic and transvaginal modalities, for which wellestablished criteria are available. Once the ultrasound findings suggest malignancy, complementary studies such as abdominal-pelvic tomography images and tumor markers are requested. This type of images has challenging problems called noise, artifacts and low contrast. In this paper, in order to address these problems, a computational technique is proposed to characterize a pathological ovary. To do this, a thresholding and the median and gradient magnitude filters are applied, preliminarily, to complete the preprocessing stage. Then, during the segmentation, the algorithm of region growing is used to extract the threedimensional morphology of the pathological ovary. Using this morphology, the volume of the pathological ovary is calculated and it allows selecting the surgical-medical behavior to approach this kind of ovary. The validation of the proposed technique indicates that the results are promising. This technique can be useful in the detection and monitoring the diseases linked to pathological ovary

Propuesta de un sistema de registro administrativo permanente de graduados y egresados de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia y de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas en el período 2006-2009

Esta Tesis fue realizada dada la necesidad de que la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia y la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas cuenten con un Sistema de seguimiento de graduados y egresados eficiente y se convierta en una herramienta que permita adoptar políticas que buscan la excelencia académica. El estudio comienza haciendo un diagnóstico del registro actual en las facultades, encontrando deficiencias administrativas e información desactualizada. Para entender la situación actual de graduados y egresados se planteó una encuesta de la que se obtuvo una serie de indicadores relevantes para cumplir con los objetivos propuestos. Finalmente se propone un Sistema de Registro Permanente de graduados y egresados que busca que el funcionamiento administrativo sea más eficiente y vaya acorde a los requerimientos actuales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador.This Thesis was made due to the need of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics as well as the Faculty of Agricultural Science of having an efficient tracking system of graduates and become a tool to adopt policies aimed at academic excellence. The study begins with a diagnosis of the current record in the faculties, with enabled the discovery of administrative deficiencies and outdated information. To understand the current situation of graduates, and survey was carried out, obtaining a series of relevant indicators to meet the objectives. Finally we propose a Permanent Registration System of graduates aiming for the more efficient administrative work and go according to the current requirements of the Central University of Ecuado

Semi-automatic detection of the evolutionary forms of visceral leishmaniasis in microscopic blood smears

Leishmaniasis is a complex group of diseases caused by obligate unicellular and intracellular eukaryotic protozoa of the leishmania genus. Leishmania species generate diverse syndromes ranging from skin ulcers of spontaneous resolution to fatal visceral disease. These syndromes belong to three categories: visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis and mucosal leishmaniasis. The visceral leishmaniasis is based on the reticuloendothelial system producing hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. In the present article, a semiautomatic segmentation strategy is proposed to obtain the segmentations of the evolutionary shapes of visceral leishmaniasis called parasites, specifically of the type amastigote and promastigote. For this purpose, the optical microscopy images containing said evolutionary shapes, which are generated from a blood smear, are subjected to a process of transformation of the color intensity space into a space of intensity in gray levels that facilitate their subsequent preprocessing and adaptation. In the preprocessing stage, smoothing filters and edge detectors are used to enhance the optical microscopy images. In a complementary way, a segmentation technique that groups the pixels corresponding to each one of the parasites, presents in the considered images, is applied. The results reveal a high correspondence between the available manual segmentations and the semi-automatic segmentations which are useful for the characterization of the parasites. The obtained segmentations let us to calculate areas and perimeters associated with the parasites segmented. These results are very important in clinical context where both the area and perimeter calculated are vital for monitoring the development of visceral leishmaniasis

Usefulness of cutting planes in the hierarchical segmentation of cardiac anatomical structures

A spatial geometric plane is defined by the three-dimensional coordinates of a pair of spatial points and the direction that the normal vector establishes, which is formed by joining those points by means of an oriented line segment. This type of planes, in three-dimensional images, is extremely useful as an alternative solution to the problem of low contrast that exhibit the anatomical structures present in cardiac computed tomography images. To do this, after using a predetermined filter bank and in order to define a region of interest, a smart operator based on least squares support vector machines is trained and validated in order to detect the aforementioned coordinates which enables the location of the plane, in the three-dimensional space that contains the considered images. Once the structure that is required to segment is identified, a discriminant function is used that cancels all information not linked to this structure. In this work, the segmentation of the left ventricle, based on region growing technique, is firstly considered and then the left atrium is segmented considering region growing technique and an inverse discriminant function. The results show an excellent correspondence relationship when the spatial union of both structures is made

Use of computational realistic models for the cardiac ejection fraction calculation

Ejection fraction is one of the most useful clinical descriptors to determine the cardiac function of a subject. For this reason, obtaining the value of this descriptor is of vital importance and requires high precision. However, in the clinical routine, to generate the mentioned descriptor value, a geometric hypothesis is assumed, obtaining an approximate value for this fraction, usually by excess, and which is a dependent-operator. The aim of the present work is to propose the accurate calculation of the ejection fraction from realistic models, obtained computationally, of the cardiac chamber called right ventricle. Normally, the geometric hypothesis that makes this ventricle coincide with a pyramidal type geometric shape, is not usually, fulfilled in subjects affected by several cardiac pathologies, so as an alternative to this problem, the computational segmentation process is used to generate the morphology of the right ventricle and from it proceeds to obtain, accurately, the ejection fraction value. In this sense, an automatic strategy based on no-lineal filters, smart operator and region growing technique is propose in order to generate the right ventricle ejection fraction. The results are promising due we obtained an excellent correspondence between the manual segmentation and the automatic one generated by the realistic models

Large cells cancer volumetry in chest computed tomography pulmonary images

Lung cancer is the leading oncological cause of death in the world. As for carcinomas, they represent between 90% and 95% of lung cancers; among them, non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type and the large cell carcinoma, the pathology on which this research focuses, is usually detected with the computed tomography images of the thorax. These images have three big problems: noise, artifacts and low contrast. The volume of the large cell carcinoma is obtained from the segmentations of the cancerous tumor generated, in a semi-automatic way, by a computational strategy based on a combination of algorithms that, in order to address the aforementioned problems, considers median and gradient magnitude filters and an unsupervised grouping technique for generating the large cell carcinoma morphology. The results of high correlation between the semi-automatic segmentations and the manual ones, drawn up by a pulmonologist, allow us to infer the excellent performance of the proposed technique. This technique can be useful in the detection and monitoring of large cell carcinoma and if it is considering this kind of computational strategy, medical specialists can establish the clinic or surgical actions oriented to address this pulmonary pathology

Usefulness of digital images segmentation in pulmonary transplantation

In the presence of pulmonary pathologies such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diffuse pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis, among others, it is common to require the removal or replacement of a portion of lungs. There are several requirements for both donors and organ receivers (recipients) established in the literature. May be the main one is the volume that the donor's lungs occupy in the thoracic cavity. This parameter is vital because if the volume of the lungs exceeds the thoracic cavity of the recipients the transplant, logically, is unfeasible for physical reasons such as the incompatibility between the receiver lung volume and the donor lung volume. In this sense, the present paper proposes the creation of a hybrid technique, based on digital image processing techniques application to raise the quality of the information related to lungs captured in three-dimensional sequences of computed tomography and for generating the morphology and the volumes of the lungs, belonging to a patient. During the filtering stage median, saturated and gradient magnitude filters are applied with the purpose of addressing the noise and artefacts images problems; whereas during the segmentation stage, methods based on clustering processes are used to extract the lungs from the images. The values obtained for the metric that assesses the quality of the hybrid computational technique reflect its good performance. Additionally, these results are very important in clinical processes where both the shapes and volumes of lungs are vital for monitoring some lung diseases that can affect the normal lung physiology

El desarrollo profesional del profesorado ante el actual desarrollo tecnológico

En este artículo presentamos las principales aportaciones de un estudio realizado sobre la utilización de diferentes medios tecnológicos realizada por una muestra de profesores y profesoras universitarias. Entre las categorías que ayudan a entender los usos de dichas herramientas en las prácticas docentes está la finalidad instructiva o formativa de los mismos, las estrategias organizativas utilizadas en los centros para ubicar los medios y, finalmente, la formación y apoyo técnico disponible en las mencionadas instituciones de enseñanza superior.In this article we present the main contributions of a study carried out on the use of different technological means carried out by a sample of university teachers. The instructive or formative purpose of the same ones is among the categories that they help to understand the uses of this tools in the educational practices, the organizational strategies used in the centers to locate the means and, finally, the formation and available technical support in the mentioned higher education institutions

Problem solving strategy in the teaching and learning processes of quantitative reasoning

The study presents an analysis of Polya's problem-solving strategy used in the training processes of quantitative reasoning competence in students of the Universidad Simón Bolívar, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. The research was based on a descriptive design and had an intentional sample of 58 students who were studying the sciences and general competencies elective. For the collection of information, a diagnostic test (pre-test) and a final test (post-test) were applied, in order to check the incidence of the applied strategy. The results showed a significant improvement in the final results obtained by the students in each of the processes formed: interpretation, representation and modeling, and argumentation