Las redes inalámbricas de área local ("Wi-Fi") en la FCC y el CNAF

En los últimos años, las Redes Inalámbricas de Área Local (WLAN, Wireless Local Área Networks) basadas en el estándar IEEE (802.11 [1] y sus derivados ñan conseguido unos altos niveles de implantación y desbordar el ámbito de aplicaciones y servicios para los que fueron inicialmente concebidas. De hecho, que se ñan convertido en un fenómeno tecnológico

Complete Genomes of Symbiotic Cyanobacteria Clarify the Evolution of Vanadium-Nitrogenase.

Plant endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria has independently evolved in diverse plant lineages, offering a unique window to study the evolution and genetics of plant-microbe interaction. However, very few complete genomes exist for plant cyanobionts, and therefore little is known about their genomic and functional diversity. Here, we present four complete genomes of cyanobacteria isolated from bryophytes. Nanopore long-read sequencing allowed us to obtain circular contigs for all the main chromosomes and most of the plasmids. We found that despite having a low 16S rRNA sequence divergence, the four isolates exhibit considerable genome reorganizations and variation in gene content. Furthermore, three of the four isolates possess genes encoding vanadium (V)-nitrogenase (vnf), which is uncommon among diazotrophs and has not been previously reported in plant cyanobionts. In two cases, the vnf genes were found on plasmids, implying possible plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfers. Comparative genomic analysis of vnf-containing cyanobacteria further identified a conserved gene cluster. Many genes in this cluster have not been functionally characterized and would be promising candidates for future studies to elucidate V-nitrogenase function and regulation

A infecção pelo HTLV- I não está associada a maior risco de morte em pacientes peruanos infectados pelo HIV

Limited and contradictory information exists regarding the prognosis of HIV/HTLV-I co-infection. Our goal was to estimate the effect of HTLV-I infection on mortality in HIV-infected patients at a HIV reference center in Peru. We studied a retrospective cohort of HIV-infected patients, who were exposed or unexposed to HTLV-I. Exposed patients were Western Blot (WB) positive for both retroviruses. Unexposed patients were WB positive for HIV, and had least one negative EIA for HTLV-I. These were selected among patients who entered our Program immediately before and after each exposed patient, between January 1990 and June 2004. Survival time was considered between the diagnosis of exposure to HTLV-I and death or censoring. Confounding variables were age, gender, baseline HIV clinical stage, baseline CD4+ T cell count, and antiretroviral therapy. We studied 50 exposed, and 100 unexposed patients. Exposed patients had a shorter survival compared to unexposed patients [median survival: 47 months (95% CI: 17-77) vs. 85 months (95% CI: 70-100), unadjusted p = 0.06]. Exposed patients had a higher rate of mortality compared to unexposed patients (HIV/HTLV-I (24/50 [48%]) vs. HIV only (37/100 [37%]), univariable p = 0.2]. HTLV-I exposure was not associated to a higher risk of death in the adjusted analysis: HR: 1.2 (0.4-3.5). AIDS clinical stage and lack of antiretroviral therapy were associated to a higher risk of dying. In conclusions, HTLV-I infection was not associated with a higher risk of death in Peruvian HIV-infected patients. Advanced HIV infection and lack of antiretroviral therapy may explain the excess of mortality in this population.Existe informação limitada e contraditória sobre o prognóstico da co-infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana Tipo 1 (HIV-1) e Vírus Linfotrópico de Células T Humanas Tipo I (HTLV-I). Nosso objetivo foi estimar o efeito da infecção pelo HTLV-I na mortalidade de pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1 em Centro de Referência de HIV no Peru. Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de pacientes infectados pelo HIV, expostos ou não expostos ao HTLV-I. Os pacientes expostos tiveram resultados positivos no Western Blot (WB) para ambos retrovírus. Os pacientes não expostos tiveram resultados positivos para o HIV-1 e pelo menos um teste de EIA negativo para o HTLV-I. Esses pacientes foram selecionados entre aqueles que entraram no nosso Programa imediatamente antes ou depois de cada paciente exposto, no período de janeiro de 1990 a junho de 2004. O tempo de sobrevida foi considerado entre o diagnóstico da exposição ao HTLV-I e a morte. As variáveis de confusão foram: idade, gênero, estágio clínico basal da infecção pelo HIV-1, contagem basal de células CD4, e terapia anti-retroviral. Estudamos 50 pacientes expostos e 100 não expostos. Os pacientes expostos tiveram menor sobrevida quando comparados aos não expostos [mediana de sobrevida: 47 meses (95% IC: 17-77) versus 85 meses (70-100), p não ajustado < 0.06]. Os pacientes expostos tiveram maior risco de morte quando comparados aos não expostos (HIV-1/HTLV-I (24/50 [48%]) versus HIV-1 só (37/100 [37%]) p univariado = 0.2). A exposição ao HTLV-I não foi associada a maior risco de morte na análise ajustada: HR: 1.2 (0.4-3.5). O estágio clínico da infecção pelo HIV-1 e a ausência de terapia anti-retroviral foram associados a maior risco de morte. Em conclusão, a infecção pelo HTLV-I não foi associada a maior risco de morte em pacientes peruanos infectados pelo HIV-1. A infecção avançada pelo HIV-1 e a falta de terapia anti-retroviral podem explicar o excesso de mortalidade nesta população

Despliegue de redes inalámbricas (WI-FI): planificación radio

Desde hace apenas tres años, una tecnología, o quizás sería más exacto, un protocolo de comunicaciones empezó a despuntar con éxito y vistas de un tremendo futuro. Esta tecnología basada en el estándar IEEE 802.11b y conocida como Wi-Fi (“Wireless Fidelity”) ha conseguido unos altos niveles de implantación, desbordar el ámbito de aplicaciones y servicios para los que fue inicialmente concebida y ser un poderoso complemento a otras tecnologías que requieren importantes infraestructuras y altos niveles de inversión

The Use of Industrial Waste for the Bioremediation of Water Used in Industrial Processes

Recently the interest in the remediation of liquid effluents from industries such as paint manufacturing, leather tanning, etc. has increased, because the quality of the water used in these processes is highly compromised and is generally discarded without any process of purification, causing an inadequate use of water and contributing to the hydric stress of the planet. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternatives for the remediation of water used in industrial processes; one of the methods that has been widely accepted given its high efficiency, low cost, and versatility compared to others is the bioadsorption using materials derived from various processes used for the elimination of metals such as Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, etc. from liquid effluents. Among the materials used for this purpose are rice husk, orange, and wheat as well as apatite (hydroxyapatite and brushite), derived from animal bones, which have shown good capacity (>90%) to adsorb metals from aqueous solutions. Through the characterization by DRX, FTIR, and SEM, of the brushite and studies in equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption, it has been demonstrated that this material has a good capacity to remove metals present in water

Nuevos datos cronoestratigráficos de la Fm. Marismas (Bajo Guadalquivir)

La Formación Marismas forma la parte superior del relleno sedimentario del sector SW de la cuenca del Guadalquivir. Los datos previos sobre el sondeo Lebrija, indicaban que la parte más alta de esta formación tenía edades de hasta 9.6 kyr BP y en la parte inferior eran cercanas o fuera del rango del radiocarbono, pero posterior a la reversión Brunhes-Matuyama. En este trabajo se aportan 17 nuevas dataciones realizadas mediante racemización de aminoácidos en valvas de ostrácodos en este mismo sondeo, con el fin de completar la cronología y el modelo de edad de la parte superior e inferior de la Fm Marismas. El resultado indica que el tramo situado por debajo del metro 56, arroja edades que oscilan entre 164685±14110 y 202830±30255, que se correlacionan con los estadios isotópicos marinos MIS 6-7 del Pleistoceno medio, edad sensiblemente más baja a las inferidas para esta formación en otros puntos de la Cuenca del bajo Guadalquivir. Abstract: The Marismas Formation is the upper part of the sedimentary infill of the SW sector of the Guadalquivir basin. Previous chronological data of the Lebrija core sediments, indicated that the age at the top of this formation was 9.6 kyr BP and the bottom, 60 m, is near or beyond the range of radiocarbon, but post Matuyama - Brunhes reversal. In this work we present 17 new ages coming from the analysis of racemization of amino acid on valves of ostracods, in order to complete the chronology and the age-depth model of the Marismas Formation. The results indicates that the section located below the meter 56, throws ages ranging between 164685±14110 and 202830±30255, which correlates with the marine isotope stage MIS6-7 Middle Pleistocene, significantly lower in age than described in other parts of the lower Guadalquivir basi

Turbidity Changes during Carbamazepine Oxidation by Photo-Fenton

The objective of this study is to evaluate the turbidity generated during the Fenton photo-reaction applied to the oxidation of waters containing carbamazepine as a function of factors such as pH, H2O2 concentration and catalyst dosage. The results let establish the degradation pathways and the main decomposition byproducts. It is found that the pH affects the turbidity of the water. Working between pH = 2.0 and 2.5, the turbidity is under 1 NTU due to the fact that iron, added as a catalyst, is in the form of a ferrous ion. Operating at pH values above 3.0, the iron species in their oxidized state (mainly ferric hydroxide in suspension) would cause turbidity. The contribution of these ferric species is a function of the concentration of iron added to the process, verifying that the turbidity increases linearly according to a ratio of 0.616 NTU L/mg Fe. Performing with oxidant concentrations at (H2O2) = 2.0 mM, the turbidity undergoes a strong increase until reaching values around 98 NTU in the steady state. High turbidity levels can be originated by the formation of coordination complexes, consisting of the union of three molecules containing substituted carboxylic groups (BaQD), which act as ligands towards an iron atom with Fe3+ oxidation state.Authors are grateful to the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU for the financial support to carry out this research study through the scholarship Student Movility for Traineeships in the Erasmus + Programme between the Anadolu University in Eskisehir (Turkey) and the Faculty of Engineering Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain)

Fascioliasis prevalence in livestock from abattoirs in southern Chile

Fascioliasis is a widely distributed parasitic zoonosis caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica that affects livestock production and generates high economic losses. In Chilean authorised abattoirs, the infected livestock livers are condemned during the veterinary inspection. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of fascioliasis in Chile from 2014 to 2016 and also monthly from 2002 to 2015 in livestock (cattle, pig, sheep, horse and goat) slaughtered in abattoirs of La Araucanía region, southern Chile. To do this, the available records on abattoirs provided by the sanitary authority were analysed. A descriptive statistics and trend analysis of the data by jointpoint regression was carried out. The Biobío and La Araucanía regions registered the highest levels of parasitosis in the country recording levels of 59.18 and 44.74%, respectively, and presented 50.03% of the liver condemnation rate in cattle. During the study period, a total of 2,239,164 animals were slaughtered and 40.59% infected livers with F. hepatica were condemned in the 9 existing abattoirs of La Araucanía region. The abattoirs located in the cities of Temuco (51.43%) and Angol (65.09%) recorded the highest percentages of fascioliasis. The cattle species recorded the highest number of slaughtered animals and liver condemnation (54.52%). The presence of the parasite was recorded annually and monthly and it was possible to observe a slight increase in fascioliasis over the years. This study provides updated information on the fascioliasis prevalence in the country and the dynamics of condemnation in endemic areas such as La Araucanía region, which could contribute to the control and prevention of this zoonosis

Effect Of Nb And Cu On The Crystallization Behavior Of Understoichiometric Nd–Fe–B Alloys

In this work, we present a complete study of the influence of Nb and Cu addition on the crystallization behavior of Nd-lean Nd-Fe-B melt-spun alloys. Alloys with compositions Nd10-x-yFe84B6NbxCuy (x = 1, y = 0 and x = 0.5, y = 0.5) were melt-spun at different wheel speeds (15-40 m s(-1)) to obtain samples in amorphous, highly disordered and nanocrystalline structures. The crystallization process, induced by different heat treatments, was studied by means of differential thermal analysis and x-ray powder thermodiffraction. Magnetic properties of as-made and heat-treated ribbons were measured by magnetometry. The as-made amorphous samples showed a crystallization to the 2: 14: 1 hard magnetic phase at T-1 similar to 350 degrees C. Doping with Nb results in an increase of T1, and addition of Cu lowers T1. This behavior is explained in terms of an inhibition of grain growth by Nb and a nucleation enhancement by Cu additions. During the crystallization process, a secondary phase (identified as a bcc-Fe-rich phase) is formed. The amount of such a phase increases with the annealing temperature. Coercivity increases upon annealing reaching maxima at 700-750 degrees C. This can be explained in terms of competition between the two phases formed: the 2: 14: 1 hard phase and the soft bcc-Fe-rich phase. The highest coercivity of the Nd-lean samples is observed when the microstructure is appropriate and both phases are exchange-coupled.This work has received funding from the DOE BES-DE-FG02-90ER45413 and the European Union MSCA grant agreement No 691235 (INAPEM). Technical and human support provided by SGIker (UPV/EHU, GV/EJ and ESF) is gratefully acknowledged

Interleukin 18 maintains a long-standing inflammation in coeliac disease patients

Producción CientíficaDietary gluten induces an early response in the intestine of coeliac disease patients (CD), within a few hours, and this is driven by high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFNg and IL-15, as has been thoroughly shown by gluten stimulation of biopsy explants. Our aim was to identify the immune mediators involved in the long-standing inflammation in untreated CD patients at diagnosis. mRNA and protein levels of TNFa, IL-12(p35), IL-12(p40), IL-15, IL-18 and IL-23(p19) were quantified in biopsies from active CD patients, CD patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD), healthy controls, and patients with non-CD inflammation and mild histological changes in the intestine. Biopsies from CD patients on a GFD were also stimulated in vitro with gliadin, and protein expression of IL-15 and IL-18 was analysed. Levels of IL-12 and IL-23 mRNA are nearly absent, and TNFa levels remain unchanged among different groups. Both the active and inactive forms of IL-18 protein have been found in all samples from active CD, and protein expression was only localized within the crypts. Levels of IL-15 mRNA remain unchanged, and protein expression, localized within the lamina propria, is found in a small number of samples. In vitro stimulation with gluten induces the expression of IL-15 and IL-18. In active CD, the early response following gluten intake characterized by high IFNg levels is driven by IL-18, and probably IL-15, and this alternates with periods of long-standing inflammation with moderate IFNg levels, maintained by IL-18 alone