Estimation of a social and environmental accounting matrix

En este trabajo presentamos una metodología para desarrollar un sistema de medición estadístico, económico y medioambiental, híbrido, ésto es, que integra los datos físicos de las estadísticas oficiales sobre recursos de agua y emisiones de gases a la atmósfera, con las estadísticas económicas que reflejan el flujo circular de la renta. Este sistema se aplica a la realidad española en el año 2000. A través de una ampliación de la lógica inherente a las tablas Input-Ouput y a la matriz de contabilidad social, obtenemos la matriz de contabilidad social medioambiental que incluye las cuentas ambientales (SAMEA). El interés de tener esta matriz de híbrida, con estadísticas económicas y ambientales integradas, es doble, tanto por su interés descriptivo como analítico.marco input-output, matrices de contabilidad social, medioambiente, técnicas de actualización, metodología de entropía cruzada.

Sittin'On the Dock of the (WiFi) Bay: On the Frame Aggregation under IEEE 802.11 DCF

It is well known that frame aggregation in Internet communications improves transmission efficiency. However, it also causes a delay that for some real-time communications is inappropriate, thus creating a trade-off between efficiency and delay. In this paper, we establish the conditions for frame aggregation under the IEEE 802.11 DCF protocol to be beneficial on average delay. To do so, we first describe the transmission time in IEEE 802.11 in a stochastic framework and then we calculate the optimal value of the frames that, when aggregated, saves transmission time in the long term. Our findings, discussed with numerical experimentation, show that frame aggregation reduces transmission congestion and transmission delays

Datos sobre la vegetación de la zona de "El Trocadero" (Cádiz)

Sin resume

La SAMEA y la eficiencia económica y ambiental en España

This paper aims to show the utility of the so-called Social Accounting Matrix and Environmental Accounts (SAMEA) for economic and environmental efficiency analysis. The article use the SAMEA for Spain in 2000, applied to the water resource and to greenhouses gases emissions. The estimation has been made from official data of the INE. This matrix is used like central core of a multisectorial model of the economic and environmental performance, and is calculated, what have been called "domestics multipliers SAMEA" and their decomposition into characteristic, direct, indirect and induced effects. These multipliers show some of the valuation economic and environmental efficiency. Also, is made an application of these multipliers that allows to appreciate that there is no causal interrelation between the sectors with a higher economic backward linkages and higher environmental deterioration backward linkages.Input-Output Models; Evaluation of Environmental Effects; Air Pollution; Environmental Accounting

Role of antiseptics in the prevention and treatment of infections in nursing homes

Inadequate infection control, wound care, and oral hygiene protocols in nursing homes provide challenges to residents’ quality of life. Based on the outcomes from a focus group meeting and a literature search, this narrative review evaluates the current and potential roles of antiseptics within nursing home infection management procedures. We examine contemporary strategies and concerns within the management of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; including decolonization regimes), chronic wound care, and oral hygiene, and review the available data for the use of antiseptics, with a focus on povidone-iodine. Compared with chlorhexidine, polyhexanide, and silver, povidone-iodine has a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity, with rapid and potent activity against MRSA and other microbes found in chronic wounds, including biofilms. As no reports of bacterial resistance or cross-resistance following exposure to povidone-iodine exist, it may be preferable for MRSA decolonization compared with mupirocin and chlorhexidine, which can cause resistant MRSA strains. Povidone-iodine oral products have greater efficacy against oral pathogens compared with other antiseptics such as chlorhexidine mouthwash, highlighting the clinical benefit of povidone-iodine in oral care. Additionally, povidone-iodine-based products, including mouthwash, have demonstrated rapid in vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 and may help reduce its transmission if incorporated into nursing home coronavirus 2019 control protocols. Importantly, povidone-iodine activity is not adversely affected by organic material, such as that found in chronic wounds and the oral cavity. Povidone-iodine is a promising antiseptic agent for the management of infections in the nursing home setting, including MRSA decolonization procedures, chronic wound management, and oral care.N/

Relaciones entre Actividad Física y Salud Mental en la Población Adulta de Madrid

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las relaciones entre la actividad física, los niveles de salud mental y la vulnerabilidad a los trastornos mentales. Participaron 1.422 personas residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid (edad: 15-74 años), evaluándose sus niveles de actividad física y salud mental mediante los cuestionarios GPAQv2 (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2) y GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), respectivamente. Los resultados evidencian que los sujetos con niveles altos o moderados de actividad física total y en el tiempo libre presentaron niveles de salud mental superiores a aquellos que realizaban un nivel bajo de actividad física. Además, el nivel de la actividad física realizada en el tiempo libre mostró una relación inversa con la vulnerabilidad a los trastornos mentales.The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between physical activity, levels of mental health, and vulnerability to mental disorders. We performed a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1422 people from the Region of Madrid, aged between 15 and 74, assessing levels of physical activity and mental health through questionnaires GPAQv2 (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2) and GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), respectively. The results reveal that individuals with high or moderate total and recreational physical activity had higher levels of mental health than those who had a low level of physical activity. Furthermore, the level of physical activity during leisure time showed an inverse relationship with vulnerability to mental disorders.O objectivo deste trabalho foi analisar as relações entre a actividade física, os níveis de saúde mental e a vulnerabilidade aos transtornos mentais. Participaram 1.422 pessoas residentes na Comunidade de Madrid (idade: 15-74 anos), avaliando-se os seus níveis de actividade física e saúde mental através dos questionários GPAQv2 (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2) e GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciam que os sujeitos com níveis elevados ou moderados de actividade física total apresentaram níveis de saúde mental superiores comparativamente com aqueles que realizavam um nível baixo de actividade física. Adicionalmente, o nível de actividade física realizada no tempo livre relacionou-se inversamente com a vulnerabilidade aos transtornos mentais

Vicia faba Crop Residues for Sustainable Electricity Generation Using a Sludge-based Microbial Fuel Cell

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) simultaneously degrade organic substrates and generate electricity in a sustainable and eco-friendly way. Here, we built a 4-unit MFC and studied the efficiency of MFC at different conditions, including pH, substrate concentration of Vicia faba agricultural wastes with exoelectrogenic bacteria P. aeruginosa. The exoelectrogenic bacteria were obtained from industrial effluents and used to inoculate the MFCs. The optimized conditions in terms of yielding maximum potential of 802 mV, yielding maximum power density of 283 mW m–2 were reported at a substrate concentration of 6 g L–1 of V. faba waste and pH of 5.5, corresponding to a current density 1255.93 mA m–2. Using exoelectrogenic bacteria from industrial effluents and agricultural wastes resulted in efficient MFC. Thus, the developed MFCs using V. faba agricultural wastes can be used in rural areas that have limited access to electricity, by reusing agricultural wastes and concomitant electricity generation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

A branch-and-cut algorithm for the hub location and routing problem

We study the hub location and routing problem where we decide on the location of hubs, the allocation of nodes to hubs, and the routing among the nodes allocated to the same hubs, with the aim of minimizing the total transportation cost. Each hub has one vehicle that visits all the nodes assigned to it on a cycle. We propose a mixed integer programming formulation for this problem and strengthen it with valid inequalities. We devise separation routines for these inequalities and develop a branch-and-cut algorithm which is tested on CAB and AP instances from the literature. The results show that the formulation is strong and the branch-and-cut algorithm is able to solve instances with up to 50 nodes. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd

Hierarchical Survivable Network Design Problems

We address the problem of designing two-level networks protected against single edge failures. A set of nodes must be partitioned into terminals and hubs, hubs must be connected through a backbone network, and terminals must be assigned to hubs and connected to them through access networks, being the objective to minimize the total cost. We consider two survivable structures, two-edge connected (2EC) networks and rings, in both levels of the network. We present an integer programming formulation for these problems, solve them using a branch-and-cut algorithm, and show some computational results. © 2016 Elsevier B.V